银纳米圆盘光天线的远场方向性研究

采用时域有限差分方法计算了银纳米圆盘光天线模型的场分布,研究了光偶极天线的远场辐射特性随距离和厚度、半径变化的规律以及影响其远场方向性的因素. 研究发现,偶极子垂直放置在银纳米圆盘下方一定距离时,银盘厚度和半径的改变均可使方向性图中出现新的辐射模式,同时方向性增益得到增强.通过对其近场的观察和分析可以得知,新的辐射模式的产生来源于高阶模式的局域表面等离激元. 结果表明,背景材料为GaN时,产生高阶模式局域表面等离激元的合适条件为电偶极子距银盘底部40 nm. 另外,为了有效地支持高阶模式局域表面等离激元的形成,银盘厚度与半径最小分别为30 nm和100 nm. 本文的研究对掌握纳米银盘结构的光天线特性及其在光器件中的运用有重要意义.     

光偶极天线的远场方向性研究

用时域有限差分方法模拟了两种光偶极天线模型的场分布,研究了光偶极天线的远场辐射特性随其长度增加而变化的规律以及影响其远场方向性的因素,发现光偶极天线的远场方向性随其长度增加而变化的规律类似于经典对称振子天线的相应规律.但高阶局域表面等离激元模式的存在使得光偶极天线的远场辐射图更快地出现了旁瓣.这些发现对于提高光天线的性能具有重要意义. 关键词： 光偶极天线 局域表面等离激元 金纳米粒子 远场方向性     

缝隙八木纳米天线设计及宽波段吸收特性

针对传统光伏电池能量收集易受环境与光照时间限制的问题,本文设计了一种用于太阳能收集的缝隙八木纳米天线单元及阵列.采用时域有限差分法分析缝隙间距对纳米天线远场方向性和近场分布的影响,并研究缝隙八木纳米天线阵列的吸收特性及不同缝隙间距对阵列天线吸收率的影响.研究远场方向性发现,当缝隙间距增加到一定距离时,天线方向图出现多个副瓣并产生新的辐射模式;通过对近场分析表明,新辐射模式的产生来源于高阶模式的局域表面等离激元.天线阵列吸收率的仿真结果表明:在400~1 500nm波段,随着缝隙间距的增加,缝隙八木纳米天线阵列吸收率呈上升趋势,当缝隙间距等于80nm时,在400~660nm、760~1 300nm两个波段内吸收率较高,吸收峰值最大可以达到98%;以吸收率大于50%为基准,当缝隙间距等于80nm时,其吸收波段最宽.     

采用银纳米圆盘阵列提高LED发光特性的研究

为了提高GaN基蓝光LED的发光效率,设计了在LED有源层上方引入银纳米圆盘阵列的模型。利用时域有限差分方法计算了银纳米圆盘阵列不同结构参数情况下LED有源层自发辐射率的变化情况及光提取效率值。通过对有源区的近场分布和LED远场方向性的分析,理论上解释了利用该金属纳米结构生成的表面等离激元对LED性能增强的影响,利用该模型可使得表面等离激元与有源层有效耦合,从而增强有源层的自发辐射率。此外,银纳米粒子组成的阵列结构所生成的栅格矢量可以补偿表面等离激元的波矢量,从而可将局域化表面等离激元转为辐射性表面等离激元,显著提高LED顶端光提取效率。结果表明,当银纳米圆盘颗粒满足直径为120nm,厚度为30nm时,含该结构的GaN基蓝光LED自发辐射率比普通LED增强了3.6倍。在此基础上,当其按照晶格常数为220nm的三角晶格排列时,顶端光提取效率增强为2.5倍。这些结果为实际的高性能GaN基LED的设计与优化提供了一定的参考。     

电子能量损失谱探测银纳米棒与介质层强耦合的数值模拟

表面等离激元与量子发射体间的强耦合现象通常通过散射、吸收以及荧光等远场光谱探测方法进行研究.利用高度聚焦的电子束,电子能量损失谱能够实现亚纳米尺度的局域探测,可以更加有效地研究强耦合现象.本文在理论上分别模拟了银纳米棒、介质材料以及介质层包裹银纳米棒复合结构的电子能量损失谱.得到了可以与实验结果比拟的银纳米棒表面等离激元的电子能量损失谱.在上述复合结构的电子能量损失谱中观察到了谱峰的拉比劈裂,探究了银纳米棒尺寸对拉比劈裂的影响.分别在红外、可见光波段讨论了介质层的元激发与银纳米棒偶极辐射及高阶非辐射表面等离激元模式间的强耦合现象,从损失谱的空间分布成像角度探讨了强耦合引起的杂化等离激子(plexciton)的形成.本研究对强耦合现象的进一步实验和理论研究具有指导意义.     

层级人工等离激元结构增强的太赫兹光电导天线（特邀）（英文）

为提高太赫兹光电导天线输出效率,提出了一种基于层级人工等离激元结构的光电导天线的设计方法。层级人工等离激元结构由纳米尺度金属块阵列和微米尺度周期栅格结合而成,理论与仿真结果表明,前者通过人工局域表面等离激元谐振效应可提高光子-电子转换效率,后者则利用人工表面等离激元结构基模的禁带和高阶模式与电流源模式之间的正交性增强了光电导天线的垂直方向性。集成了层级人工等离激元结构的光电导天线结合了两种结构的优点,数值计算结果表明,其输出效率优于分别采用两种结构的方案。相较于未改进的光电导天线,层级人工等离激元结构在较宽频带范围内（0.86～1.51 THz）实现了光电导天线垂直方向辐射功率密度的提高。     

超越SNOM探针通光孔径尺寸的金属纳米间隙超分辨测量

采用电磁场有限元方法,数值模拟了孔径型扫描近场光学显微镜(aperture Scanning Near-field Optical Microscopy,a-SNOM)在照明模式下的工作过程.针对金偶极天线结构,改变天线长度和纳米间隙尺寸,计算了a-SNOM探针孔径的远场辐射速率随探针端面中心坐标变化的扫描曲线,实现了超越a-SNOM探针通光孔径尺寸的天线金属纳米间隙的超分辨测量,对于100nm通光孔径的探针,可分辨最小尺寸为10nm(0.016倍波长)的金属间隙.通过对比金属和介质偶极天线的a-SNOM探针远场辐射速率测量的计算结果,表明天线金属纳米间隙的超分辨测量的实现是由于金属间隙表面等离激元的激发.     

纳米银六角阵列在掺氧氮化硅中的局域表面等离激元共振特性仿真

通过COMSOL Multiphysics 和 Lumerical FDTD solution对不同尺寸纳米银六角阵列在非晶态掺氧氮化硅(a-SiN_x:O)介质中的局域表面等离激元共振(LSPR)特性进行仿真, 计算结果表明半径为25 nm的纳米银六角阵列形成的局域表面等离激元(LSP)与厚度为70 nm的a-SiN_x:O的蓝光发射(460 nm)的共振效果最为显著, 随着纳米银颗粒尺寸的增大其消光共振峰红移. 在460 nm波长激发下半径为25 nm的纳米银阵列在a-SiN_x:O中的极化强度和表面极化电荷的分布模拟证明了该阵列在460 nm激发下形成的LSP为偶极子极化模式, 通过对该尺寸的纳米银阵列的LSP 在a-SiN_x:O中的最强垂直辐射空间计算, 获得了银颗粒上方a-SiN_x:O的最佳厚度为30 nm, 仿真结果对硅基蓝光发射器件(450–460 nm)的设计提供了重要的理论参考.     

十字结构银纳米线的表面等离极化激元分束特性

金属纳米线波导可以将光局域在亚波长尺度内传播, 在纳米光子集成回路方面有着重要的作用. 本文应用有限元方法, 研究了十字结构银纳米线的表面等离极化激元分束特性. 结果表明, 不同模式的表面等离极化激元在十字结构三个分支的输出依赖于端面的几何结构参数. 此外, 研究还发现由于不同模式表面等离极化激元叠加, 在十字结构的分支上出现了周期性电场分布.     

金属基底上光学偶极纳米天线的自发辐射宽带增强:表面等离激元直观模型

本文提出一种具有宽波段自发辐射增强性能的金属基底上光学偶极纳米天线,实现的总辐射速率与远场辐射速率增强因子分别达到5454和1041,在近红外波段,自发辐射增强(Purcell因子超过1000)波长范围达到260 nm,并且能够实现远场定向辐射.为了阐明天线性能背后的物理机制,本文考虑天线臂上表面等离激元激发和多重散射的直观物理过程,基于Maxwell方程组第一性原理,建立了一个半解析模型,能够全面复现天线的辐射特性,包括总辐射速率、远场辐射速率、远场辐射方向图等.该模型提供了一个直观的物理图像,即在模型导出的两个相位匹配条件下,表面等离激元在天线臂上形成了一对Fabry-Perot共振获得增强,然后传播到纳米间隙内点辐射源位置和散射到自由空间,由此分别提高了总辐射速率和远场辐射速率.并且,这一对Fabry-Perot共振产生了一对相互靠近的谐振峰,由此形成了宽波段自发辐射增强.本文提出的偶极纳米天线可以应用于荧光增强、拉曼散射增强及高速、高亮度纳米光源等领域,所提出的模型可用于光学天线的物理理解和直观设计.     

Characterization of the radiation from single-walled zig-zag carbon nanotubes at terahertz range

This paper investigates the radiation characteristics of metal single-walled zig-zag carbon nanotubes as a dipole antenna at terahertz wave range. The current distribution, input impedance and mutual impedance are calculated for various geometrical parameters of vertically-aligned carbon nanotubes. The numerical results demonstrate the properties of the antenna depending strongly on the geometrical parameters such as the radius, the lengths of carbon nantobues, and the spacing between nanotubes. It is found that the zig-zag carbon nanotubes exhibit very high input impedance and the mutual impedances for antenna array applications. These unique high impedance properties are different from the conventional metal thin wire antenna. The far-field patterns and gain of antenna array are also calculated. The maximum gain of array of 100-element array is up to 20.0~dB, which is larger than the gain of 0.598~dB of single dipole antenna at distance d = 0.5\lambda .     

Near-field optical power transmission of dipole nano-antennas

Nano-antennas in functional plasmonic applications require high near-field optical power transmission. In this study, a model is developed to compute the near-field optical power transmission in the vicinity of a nano-antenna. To increase the near-field optical power transmission from a nano-antenna, a tightly focused beam of light is utilized to illuminate a metallic nano-antenna. The modeling and simulation of these structures is performed using 3-D finite element method based full-wave solutions of Maxwell’s equations. Using the optical power transmission model, the interaction of a focused beam of light with plasmonic nano-antennas is investigated. In addition, the tightly focused beam of light is passed through a band-pass filter to identify the effect of various regions of the angular spectrum to the near-field radiation of a dipole nano-antenna. An extensive parametric study is performed to quantify the effects of various parameters on the transmission efficiency of dipole nano-antennas, including length, thickness, width, and the composition of the antenna, as well as the wavelength and half-beam angle of incident light. An optimal dipole nano-antenna geometry is identified based on the parameter studies in this work. In addition, the results of this study show the interaction of the optimized dipole nano-antenna with a magnetic recording medium when it is illuminated with a focused beam of light.     

超高斯波束圆口径天线近场辐射特性北大核心CSCD

采用口径场理论分析了不同孔束比(孔径与束腰之比)的超高斯分布圆形口径天线近场辐射特性,得到了聚焦条件下焦点位置的近场增益解析式。并对不同观测位置点天线的辐射特性进行了仿真,结果表明:当观测点小于焦距的0.3倍时,且波束阶数大于4时,天线的辐射图样与孔束比无关;当观测点位于焦点时,设定孔束比,不同阶数的波束分布的辐射图样明显不同,但当孔束比为4以上时,辐射图样基本保持稳定,而且高阶波束没有旁瓣出现。     

光纤探针型近场光镊光阱力特性研究

基于动量守恒原理,结合麦克斯韦应力张量和三维时域有限差分方法,建立了近场空间内激光光镊对纳米微粒的光阱力计算模型.分析了光纤探针型近场光镊的近场分布以及操作纳米微粒时各轴向光阱力的分布情况,并探讨了光纤探针尖端的捕获尺寸、捕获位置和操作稳定性.结果表明:微粒应处于光纤探针针尖的近场空间内才可实现稳定可靠的纳米操作,不同尺寸的微粒具有不同的捕获效果,且随初始位置的不同微粒的捕获位置亦不同.计算结果为激光近场光镊纳米操作装置的设计和制造提供了理论基础.     

Dipole and quadrupole surface plasmon resonance contributions in formation of near-field images of a gold nanosphere

Multipolar plasmon optical excitations at spherical gold nanoparticles and their manifestations in the particle images formatted in the particle surface proximity are studied. The multipolar plasmon size characteristic: plasmon resonance frequencies and plasmon damping rates were obtained within rigorous size dependent modelling. The realistic, frequency dependent dielectric function of a metal was used. The distribution of light intensity and of electric field radial component at the flat square scanning plane scattered by a gold sphere of radius 95 nm was acquired. The images resulted from the spatial distribution of the full mean Poynting vector including near-field radial components of the scattered electromagnetic field. Monochromatic images at frequencies close to and equal to the plasmon dipole and quadrupole resonance frequencies are discussed. The changes in images and radial components of the scattered electromagnetic field distribution at the scanning plane moved away from the particle surface from near-field to far-field region are discussed.     

Stable Fano-like plasmonic resonance: its impact on the reversal of far-and near-field optical binding force

Even for a 100 nm interparticle distance or a small change in particle shape,optical Fano-like plasmonic resonance mode usually vanishes completely.It would be remarkable if stable Fano-like resonance could somehow be achieved in distinctly shaped nanoparticles for more than 1μm interparticle distance,which corresponds to the far electromagnetic field region.If such far-field Fano-like plasmonic resonance can be achieved,controlling the reversal of the far-field binding force can be attained,like the currently reported reversals for near-field cases.In this work,we have proposed an optical set-up to achieve such a robust and stable Fano-like plasmonic resonance,and comparatively studied its remarkable impact on controlling the reversal of near-and far-field optical binding forces.In our proposed set-up,the distinctly shaped plasmonic tetramers are half immersed(i.e.air-benzene)in an inhomogeneous dielectric interface and illuminated by?circular?polarized light.We have demonstrated significant differences between near-and far-field optical binding forces along with the Lorentz force field,which partially depends on the object’s shape.A clear connection is shown between the far-field binding force and the resonant modes,along with a generic mechanism to achieve controllable Fano-like plasmonic resonance and the reversal of the optical binding force in both far-and near-field configurations.     

Transmission of electric dipole radiation through an interface

We consider the transmission of electric dipole radiation through an interface between two dielectrics, for the case of a vertical dipole. Energy flows along the field lines of the Poynting vector, and in the optical near field these field lines are curves (as opposed to optical rays). When the radiation passes through the interface into a thicker medium, the field lines bend to the normal (as rays do), but the transmission angle is not related to the angle of incidence. The redirection of the radiation at the interface is determined by the angle dependence of the transmission coefficient. This near-field redistribution is responsible for the far-field angular power pattern. When the transmission medium is thinner than the embedding medium of the dipole, some energy flows back and forth through the interface in an oscillating fashion. In each area where field lines dip below the interface, an optical vortex appears just above the interface. The centers of these vortices are concentric singular circles around the dipole axis.     

Mapping the resonance wavelengths of MWCNT as an optical nanoantenna

We investigated the surface plasmon resonances of multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) for applications as the optical antenna. We calculated the near-field and far-field response of MWCNT using finite integral technique. In addition, the effect of shape and dimensions on the optical response of MWCNT was studied. Also, the dielectric properties of MWCNT obtained from the experimental results in the literature were fitted with a Drude–Lorentz model. Finally, a full mapping of the geometry (length and radius) dependence for MWCNT was presented and discussed.