C＋＋语言在最小偏向角法测折射率实验中的应用

介绍了用C＋＋语言编程来处理最小偏向角法测量固体折射率的实验数据，为处理实验数据提供了简捷、准确、快速的方法，避免了传统实验数据处理的繁琐及大误差，为使用者提供了方便。     

VC＋＋环境下激光共焦扫描显微镜的成像实现

讨论激光共焦扫描显微镜在VC＋＋环境下的图像实现过程及处理方法。     

基于Visua C＋＋的非线性电路实验模拟

在Visual C＋＋开发环境下,通过龙格库塔方法求解非线性电路微分方程组,得到数值解并模拟显示李萨茹图形。在相同线路参数下模拟结果与实验室实验中观察到的结果一致,同时模拟显示可以容易地得到稳定的X,Y方向上的输出波形。通过该模拟实验可以很好地观察研究非线性电路中的混沌现象。     

纳米晶ZrO2：Pr^3＋与ZrO2：Pr^3＋，Sm^3＋发光研究

采用化学共沉淀法制备了纳米晶ZrO2：pr^3＋粉体，所制备的纳米晶ZrO2：Pr^3＋粉体中Pr^3＋的强室温特征发射的两个主发射带为^1D2-^2H4和^3P0-^3H4跃迁。不同热处理温度下纳米晶ZrO2：Pr^3＋晶体结构不同，因此它们的发光不同；ZrO2基质向Pr^3＋有能量传递，在高温煅烧得到的单斜相配位场中能量传递较好。荧光强度与Pr^3＋浓度的关系研究表明：^3P0和^1D2功能级有不同的猝灭规律，由于[^1D2,^3H4]→[^1G4,^3F4]的交叉弛豫，使得^1D2-^3H4跃迁的猝灭浓度很低，在我们的实验中，掺0．1mol％Pr^3＋时^1D2-^3H4地跃迁发射最强，掺2mol％Pr^3＋时^3R0-^3H4跃迁发射最强。文章制备的纳米晶ZrO2：Pr^3＋，Sm^3＋中Sm^3＋的^4G（5-2）～^6H（7／2）跃迁荧光峰因Pr^3＋加入而增强，这除了两种离子某些能级相近产生荧光发射的叠加效应外，还存在Pr^3＋→Sm^3＋的能量传递。     

BaFBr，BaFBr：Eu~（2＋）和BaFBr：Ce~（3＋）晶体在X射线辐照和光激励过程中发光和光电导的实时原位测量

在自建的多功能实时原位测量发光特性和光电导的实验装置上，测量了ＢａＦＢｒ，ＢａＦＢｒ：Ｅｕ２＋和ＢａＦＢｒ：Ｃｅ３＋单晶在Ｘ射线辐照和光激励过程中的发光强度和光电导。首次从光电导的角度测量到Ｘ射线辐照时，Ｅｕ２＋并没有被离化，而Ｃｅ３＋被离化，离化电子经导带被Ｆ＋心俘获；明确证实了光激励过程中Ｆ心电子的隧穿效应。     

基于Visual C＋＋的喀斯特城市地表温度遥感反演

针对现有的地表温度反演研究基本上都是利用IDL或MATLAB语言编程实现、计算效率低的问题,利用Visual C＋＋语言编程实现＂喀斯特城市地表温度遥感反演系统＂,快速反演桂林喀斯特城市Landsat TM遥感图像的地表温度场和NDVI空间分布,分析NDVI变化对地表温度的影响。结果表明,系统具有独立运行、运行速度快等特点;NDVI在0.1～0.7范围时,地表温度随归一化植被指数的增加而降低,呈现负相关的关系,地表植被覆盖可降低地表温度、降低城市热岛现象。系统快速获取的地表温度场可揭示喀斯特城市热环境状况、城市热岛的规模和程度、喀斯特山峰植被的凉岛效应,为喀斯特城市的可持续发展提供科学数据。     

YAG晶体中Cr~（3＋）→Tm~（3＋），Er~（3＋）→Tm~（3＋）的能量

研究了加入敏化离子Ｃｒ３＋和Ｅｒ３＋的Ｔｍ：ＹＡＧ晶体的吸收谱和荧光谱，计算了Ｃｒ３＋、Ｅｒ３＋、Ｔｍ３＋离子的２Ｅ、４Ｉ１３／２、３Ｆ４能态的平均寿命及能量；转移效率、转移速率．得出Ｃｒ３＋→Ｔｍ３＋转移效率为８０％，转移速率为２．１×１０３ｓ－１．由（Ｅｒ，Ｔｍ）：ＹＡＧ的荧光谱可见存在Ｅｒ３＋→Ｔｍ３＋的有效的能量转移．讨论了Ｃｒ３＋→Ｔｍ３＋和Ｅｒ３＋→Ｔｍ３＋能量转移的不同．     

NaCl（OH－）中K~＋对F＋2型心的形成及其光谱性质的影响

研究了Ｋ＋对ＮａＣｌ（ＯＨ－）中（Ｆ＋２）Ｈ心的形成及其光谱性质的影响。结果表明，Ｋ＋的存在抑制了Ｆ＋２型心的形成，改变了（Ｆ＋２）Ｈ心的光谱性质，拓宽了发射谱的半功率谱宽。从而修正了Ｐｏｌｏｃｋ的实验结果。同时指出，研制具有更宽波长发射范围的Ｎａ１－ｘＫｘＣｌ（ＯＨ－）复合基质Ｆ＋２型色心激光材料是可能的     

CCD摄像机照度检测装置的研制

为了研制一种照度检测范围宽、结构简单、操作简便,并能产生均匀光辐射分布、自动调光的照度测量装置,通过对传统照度测试方法所使用的结构形式和光源进行分析,提出了一种采用曲面反光灯杯加内置灯的光源以及单片机自动控制的新型CCD摄像机照度检测装置的设计方法。并在文中详细介绍了光源设计、照度探测器设计、控制电路设计以及试验等研制过程,最终研制成功的新型CCD摄像机照度检测装置实现了光源的均匀辐射、自动调光等功能,适用于各类CCD摄像机1.0×10-1lx~1.0×105lx照度范围的检测。     

NeH~＋_2体系的势能函数与动力学研究（二）Ne＋H~＋_2（v）与NeH~＋（v＝o）＋H的反应截面计算

基于多体项展式方法所导出的ＮｅＨ＋２（２Σ＋）的分析势能函数〔６〕，用准经典的Ｍｏｎｔｅ－Ｃａｒｌｏ轨迹法研究了Ｎｅ＋Ｈ＋２（ｖ）→ＮｅＨ＋＋Ｈ、Ｎｅ＋Ｈ＋２（ｖ）→Ｎｅ＋Ｈ＋Ｈ＋和ＮｅＨ＋＋Ｈ→Ｈ＋２＋Ｎｅ的反应动力学。研究表明，前两个反应在Ｈ＋２的初始振动基态时的反应阈能分别为１６ｋｃａｌｍｏｌ－１和６２ｋｃａｌｍｏｌ－１，反应阈能随振动量子数增大而减小。最后一个反应是无阈能的     

防污染的自消应力高纯度气体低温换热器的设计

该设计解决了低温工程与低温技术等领域所使用的高纯度气体介质换热的要求,具有显著的经济效益和社会效益。其换热器是由四个管壳式热交换器串联组合而成,壳体呈窄矩形,换热管采用U形换热管,四个管壳式热交换器呈方阵置放在低温换热器筒体内。低温换热器采用的材料是0Cr18N i9/304,该种材料的透气性小、耐磨损、抗腐蚀能力强和性能稳定,防止了气体被污染。另外在低温下,考虑了材料的热胀冷缩所产生的应力,使应力能够自行消除,提高了它的密封性能,最终使低温换热器密封性能好,防止了气体被污染,保证了气体的高纯度。     

低空高射武器观瞄系统的图像处理技术

初步探讨和分析了一种用于高射武器系统的自动跟踪、瞄准系统 ,并根据高射武器系统服务目标的特点 ,提出了一种适用于该条件下的目标识别方法 :利用峰值跟踪的特点找出视场中目标上的一点 (当视场中有目标存在时 ) ,以此点为生长点 ,按照一定的生长规则 ,寻找出目标区域 ,并对目标区域进行统计 ,解算出目标的几何中心。实验结果表明 :该算法能够平稳地跟踪图像中的目标 ,而且可以很容易地滤除图像中噪声的影响而不增加额外的时间     

抑制超短电子脉冲展宽的补偿方法

 提出了一种有效的利用补偿元件抑制空间电荷效应所致脉冲展宽的方法。此元件为一轴对称的圆柱形空腔,金属侧壁和供脉冲输出的端面金属栅网接地以保持0电位,供脉冲进入空腔的端面小孔的内壁涂导电层并施以正电位,通过选择此端面的介电常数分布而在此端面上形成特定的电位分布。如此形成的补偿元件内部电场能够在不引入附加电子能量弥散的基础上,在空点电荷效应所致脉冲展宽极为严重的纵向和横向这两个主要方向上,均能够有效地抑制空间电荷效应,从而起到补偿电子脉冲展宽的作用。     

Typicality vs. Probability in Trajectory-Based Formulations of Quantum Mechanics

Bohmian mechanics represents the universe as a set of paths with a probability measure defined on it. The way in which a mathematical model of this kind can explain the observed phenomena of the universe is examined in general. It is shown that the explanation does not make use of the full probability measure, but rather of a suitable set function deriving from it, which defines relative typicality between single-time cylinder sets. Such a set function can also be derived directly from the standard quantum formalism, without the need of an underlying probability measure. The key concept for this derivation is the quantum typicality rule, which can be considered as a generalization of the Born rule. The result is a new formulation of quantum mechanics, in which particles follow definite trajectories, but which is based only on the standard formalism of quantum mechanics.     

一种基于自适应滤波的高动态星敏感器在轨校正方法

为了提高高动态环境下星敏感器的质心提取精度,提出了一种基于自适应滤波的在轨校正方法。该方法能够适应角速度变化的星敏感器,自适应的调整校正矩阵。使用提出的基于时空相关性的噪声估计滤波器跟随星点窗口实时更新校正矩阵,对星点准确校正。与传统地面校正方法相比,本文方法不仅减少了成本,且实时更新校正矩阵,校正更加可靠。通过实验验证了所提算法在高动态下对星敏感器校正的有效性,与现有只能低速星敏感器(≤0.1°/s)的在轨校正方法相比,本文方法能适应更大范围的角速度(0~3°/s),准确的校正高动态星敏感器,提高质心提取精度,对提高星敏感器的动态性能具有指导意义。     

Use of catastrophe theory to obtain a fundamental understanding of elementary particle stability

Using Arnold's Classification Theorem applied to a four-dimensional manifold, it is shown that there is only a finite number of ways in which energy can discontinuously change state. It is demonstrated that each of these energy flow pathways can be associated with a distinct elementary particle. The theory not only shows how the formation of particles from the stress-energy present in the space-time manifold can be predicted from first principles, but also that there must exist five fundamental forces in a universe in which discontinuous energy transitions are possible. Finally, the existence of a new, as yet undiscovered particle is predicted, which is associated with this new fifth force.     

Developments in geothermal energy in Mexico—part sixteen. The potential for heat pump technology

Mexico possesses large amounts of geothermal brine at temperature which are too low to enable electricity to be generated efficiently and economically. Any system which extracts useful energy from a geothermal source is limited by the effectiveness of the heat transfer between the geothermal fluid, which has a tendency to scale, and the relevant components of the system. A heat pump can be used to maintain a temperature difference between two vessels containing pure water and geothermal brine, which is sufficient to enable pure water vapour to flow continuously from the geothermal brine vessel to the pure water vessel. The hot water produced can then be used to operate an absorption cooling system which can be used to store food. Alternatively a heat pump can be employed to increase the temperature of the hot water to produce low pressure stream.     

基于反相条纹投影技术测量大范围变化的面形

在较高精度面形测量的光学方法中,很多测量范围都受到光波波长的限制。简述了一种利用光栅投影系统来增强其垂直方向测量范围的新方法。通过投影仪来产生能够消除表面低频变化影响的变形光栅,测量该栅线经过被检面的变形图像,通过处理得到表面的高频信息,然后将高频和低频信息叠加得到表面轮廓图。通过实验模型的建立证明,该方法具有测量精度范围宽,能实时地得到表面轮廓图。     

Exact Stationary Solution of Fokker-Planck Equation and Generalized Potential for Non-Equilibrium Systems Without Detailed Balance

An exact analogy is approached between systems in thermal equilibrium and those far from equilibrium which can be the cases without detailed balance. The analogy is based on the requirement that a given drift in the Fokker-Planck equation can be decomposed into two parts, one of which is divergence-free and the other can be derived from a potential which is invariant along the direction of the first part. If the conditions are fulfilled the Fokker-Planck equation changes in to a standard Poisson equation. The relations of this requirement to other conditions are diecussed. As a concrete example, the stationary Fokker-Planck equation for optical bistability is solved by using"this method.     

Graphene-based Mach–Zehnder nanophotonics interferometer working as a splitter/switch and as a multiplexer/demultiplexer

We developed and are presenting a graphene-based nanophotonic Mach–Zehnder Interferometer (MZI), which can operate as a signal follower, switch and splitter and as a multiplexer/demultiplexer. Due to the excellent electrical/optical parameters inherent to the graphene, we showed that the device we are presenting can works in several different ways, which can not be supported by MZI based on conventional materials. It is worth mentioning that the operations of the device we have developed take into account the electrical/optical parameters of the graphene, which provide greater versatility and efficiency compared to the MZIs manufactured with conventional materials. In addition, these parameters can be controlled via, for example, gate voltage, so that many operations can be performed in parallel, which is also not possible through the use of conventional materials. Due to its manometric dimensions, this MZI can be integrated within photonic integrated circuits, so that we can use this device in dense wavelength division multiplexing optical communications.