一步法合成N-1,3-二羟基丙烷-2-基烷基乙酰胺

以5-氨基烷基-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二噁烷为起始原料, 乙酸酐为酰化剂, 一步法选择性地合成氨基二醇类氨基乙酰化产物N-1,3-二羟基丙烷-2-基烷基乙酰胺. 该方法操作简便, 收率高. 所合成的4个新化合物的结构均经FTIR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR及HRMS确证. N-3-(1,3-二羟基丙烷-2-基)丙基乙酰胺(1a)作为关键的中间体, 可以用于HIV-1 Tat/ PCAF BRD抑制剂4的合成.     

糖基化青蒿素衍生物的合成

以糖[D-葡萄糖(1a),D-木糖(1b),D-甘露糖(1c),乳糖(1d)和D-半乳糖(1e)]为原料,经溴化、乙酰化一锅法使糖基乙酰化制得相应的溴代乙酰化糖(2a～2e);2在相转移催化剂四丁基硫酸氢铵催化下分别与二氢青蒿素经醚化反应合成了五个糖基化青蒿素衍生物,其结构进行1H NMR,13C NMR,IR和LC-MS表征。     

2-{[(2'-氰基联苯基-4-基)甲基]氨基}-3-硝基苯甲酸甲酯的合成

以3-硝基-2-氨基苯甲酸甲酯为原料,经三氟乙酰化、N-烷基化和脱保护反应制得坎地沙坦中间体2-{[(2'-氰基联苯基-4-基)甲基]氨基}-3-硝基苯甲酸甲酯,其结构经~1H NMR,~(13)C NMR和MS(ESI)确证。     

基于联萘二胺骨架的新型手性硫脲催化剂的合成

以C2轴手性化合物(S)-1,1′-联萘-2,2′-胺和手性氨基醇为原料,经乙酰化、甲基化、水解等反应合成了3种新型的手性硫脲催化剂,其结构经^1H NMR,¹³C NMR、 IR和HR-MS(ESI)表征。     

β-Kdo乙硫苷供体的合成

以草酰乙酸和D-阿拉伯糖为原料,经缩合-脱羧,乙酰化,甲酯化和乙硫苷化等4步反应合成了β-Kdo乙硫苷供体,总收率24%,立体选择性单一,其结构经~1H NMR和~(13)C NMR确证。     

二醋酸碘苯促进的芳酮类化合物羰基邻位乙酰化反应研究

以苯乙酮类化合物为原料,氧化锌(ZnO)为催化剂,二醋酸碘苯为氧化剂,通过对羰基邻位饱和sp3-C—H键的氧化与乙酰化,成功的构建出了α-乙酸基苯乙酮类衍生物,其结构经1H NMR和13C NMR得到了确认,并提出了可能的反应机理.     

基于5-氯-2-甲基噻吩的新型俘精酸酐的合成及其光致变色性能测定

针对杂环俘精酸酐良好的光致变色性能,以2-甲基噻吩和丁二酸二乙酯为原料,经过氯代、乙酰化、Stobbe缩合等反应合成了(E)-2-[1-(5-氯-2-甲基噻吩-3-基)乙亚基]-3-异丙亚基丁二酸酐,其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR,MS表征确认;初步考察了在不同的光照时间下目标产物的光致变色性能.     

碳苷研究 ⅩⅩⅢ.三-O-乙酰基葡萄糖和半乳糖碳苷的合成及结构的测定

本文报道了葡萄糖和半乳糖碳苷的选择性乙酰化。通过比较四-O-乙酰基和三-O-乙酰基碳苷的~1H NMR谱证明糖环的2位羟基没有发生乙酰化。三-O-乙酰基半乳糖碳苷的构型用~(13)C NMR进行了鉴定。由其~1H NMR谱与通常规律相反的原因,讨论了乙酰化的机理。     

β-榄香烯含S, Se糖苷衍生物的设计合成

以β-榄香烯(1)为先导化合物, 经由其13位氯代物(2), 依据生物电子等排原理将具有相似共价半径的杂原子S和Se分别引入到β-榄香烯的骨架中, 得到一对相应的类似物3和6; 进而通过多种方法与系列糖供体对接, 立体选择性地合成了相应的乙酰化1,2-反式糖苷类衍生物11a~11c和12a~12c, 经水解脱去保护基团, 得到目标产物β-榄香烯含S糖苷13a~13c及其类似物β-榄香烯含Se糖苷14a~14c. 目标化合物的结构经IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 77Se NMR, HRMS等方法确证.     

几种碳环糖的合成

以四-O-苄基-葡萄糖酸-1,5-内酯为原料,通过四步反应合成了四-O-苄基-Valiolone(1,总产率40％)；以1 为原料合成了四-O-苄基-Valielone(产率95％)和四-O-苄基-Validone(产率20％),其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR和MS确证.     

New transesterification reaction between acetylated wood and tetramethoxysilane: A feasibility study

Novel transesterification of acetylated maritime pine sapwood (Pinus pinaster Soland) reaction was performed with tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) in presence of dibutyltin oxide as a catalyst. Transesterification was confirmed by weight percent gain calculations (WPG), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) as well as ¹³C and ²⁹Si NMR CP-MAS analysis. The results showed that transesterification indeed occurs via exchange of acetate groups from acetylated wood and methoxysilane groups from TMOS. The effect of temperatures and reaction time upon transesterification efficiency was also investigated.     

Acetylation of raw cotton for oil spill cleanup application: an FTIR and 13C MAS NMR spectroscopic investigation

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and 13C MAS NMR spectroscopy have been used to investigate the acetylation of raw cotton samples with acetic anhydride without solvents in the presence of different amounts of 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) catalyst. This is a continuation of our previous investigation of acetylation of commercial cotton in an effort to develop hydrophobic, biodegradable, cellulosic sorbent materials for cleaning up oil spills. The FTIR data have again provided a clear evidence for successful acetylation. The NMR results further confirm the successful acetylation. The extent of acetylation was quantitatively determined using the weight percent gain (WPG) due to acetylation and by calculating the ratio R between the intensity of the acetyl C=O stretching band at 1740-1745 cm(-1) and the intensity of C-O stretching vibration of the cellulose backbone at about 1020-1040 cm(-1). The FTIR technique was found to be highly sensitive and reliable for the determination of the extent of acetylation. The level of acetylation of the raw cotton samples was found to be much higher than that of cotton fabrics and the previously studied commercial cotton. The variation of the R and WPG with reaction time, amount of DMAP catalyst and different samples of raw cotton is discussed.     

A new route for the functionalisation of wood through transesterification reactions

A novel transesterification reaction between acetylated maritime pine sapwood (Pinus pinaster Soland) and methyl benzoate (MB), in the presence of dibutyltin oxide (DBTO) as a catalyst, was performed. Reaction was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance cross-polarisation with magic-angle spinning (NMR CP MAS) analysis: signals corresponding to benzoylated wood were identified and, when transesterification was performed with ethyl trimethylsilylacetate (ETMSA), characteristic trimethylsilyl groups were detected. The acetyl/benzoyl exchange rate was found to increase with increasing amount of DBTO, temperature and reaction time and a concurrent deterioration of the woody material was evidenced.     

聚合物改性水玻璃均相杂化液对速生杨木的改性

将丙烯酰胺单体在钠水玻璃溶液中聚合制成水玻璃-聚丙烯酰胺均相杂化液,通过浸渍法使杂化液与速生杨木材复合,制成无机/有机木材复合材。SEM、FT-IR表征了速生杨木与杂化前驱液复合前后的结构和形貌变化,研究了复合木材的热稳定性及力学性能的变化,结果表明,用该均相杂化液改性的复合木材WPG为31.6%时,其氧指数为50.3%;并且与素材的力学性能相比,复合木材的抗弯曲强度较素材提高了11.2%,弹性模量提高了18.2%,其径面、弦面和端面的硬度分别提高了15.6%、17.3%和26.2%。     

Raman spectroscopic investigation of acetylation of raw cotton

Raman spectroscopy has been used to investigate raw cotton acetylation using acetic anhydride/4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) catalyst blend without solvent. The Raman data further confirm successful acetylation as shown by FTIR that was demonstrated previously to be highly sensitive for determining the level of acetylation. However, the Raman peaks are much weaker than the FTIR bands. Nevertheless, the variations of the extent of acetylation estimated from both Raman and FTIR spectra with weight percent gain due to acetylation (WPG) were observed to follow the same pattern. The degrees of acetylation calculated from Raman data were also found to increase linearly with that calculated from the more sensitive FTIR technique. Raman technique is thus suitable for further development as an analytical tool for determining the acetylation level of natural cellulose fibres. Raman data have also shown that the acetylation reaction reduces the crystallinity of cotton.     

Sol–gel derived TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> wood composites

The sol–gel process was applied to enhance properties of pine sapwood. For this purpose wood prisms were soaked in nanoscaled precursor solutions prepared from titanium(IV) n-butoxide and titanium(IV) iso-propoxide, respectively, using vacuum impregnation technique. The wet composites were cured by special program with final heat treatment at 103 °C. Weight percent gains (WPG) of the wood specimen in the range of 19–25% were obtained due to these procedures. SEM investigations show that precursor solutions penetrate into the whole wood body and the titania formed after heat treatment in the composites is deposited in the pores (lumen) and partly in the cell walls of the wooden matrix. The moisture sorption was investigated in long term tests for a period of some months by storage at 20–23 °C in humid air (relative humidity of 99%) and ambient atmosphere (relative humidity 40–60%), respectively. For untreated reference samples the moisture sorption results in increasing of mass and volume according to saturation values of 24 and 13%, respectively, after about 15 days. The incorporation of titania reduces the saturation values of the moisture sorption by up to 12% in mass and by up to 5% in volume at a relative humidity of 99%. Thus, an enhancement of the dimensional stability of about 60% is obtained at best. The results demonstrate that modification of wood with sol–gel derived precursors can enhance its dimensional stability, which prevents the formation of cracks. Because of that reduced moisture sorption biological attacks should be delimited. Additionally, thermal analyses show a retarded combustion of the wood matrix due to titania infiltration.     

聚苯基磷酸间苯二酚酯的合成、表征及热性能

采用熔融聚合法, 以间苯二酚、 三氯氧磷和苯酚为原料, 通过两步合成, 制备了阻燃剂聚苯基磷酸间苯二酚酯(PRPP). 用红外光谱(FTIR)、 ¹H, ¹³C和³¹P核磁共振(NMR)、 凝胶色谱(GPC)及热重分析(TGA)等对聚合物的结构、 分子量、 热性能进行了表征. 结果表明, PRPP具有与液态商品间苯二酚双(二苯基)磷酸酯(RDP)相同的组成单元, 其数均分子量为3227, 分子量分布系数M_w/M_n=1.31, 聚合度n≈12; PRPP的起始分解温度与液态RDP相同, 但在高温下PRPP的热稳定性优于RDP, 其分解50%质量的温度提高了235 ℃, 在高温阶段表现出优良的成炭性能.     

Green synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidinones using nano Fe3O4@meglumine sulfonic acid as a new efficient solid acid catalyst under microwave irradiation

Design, synthesis and characterization of nano Fe₃O₄@meglumine sulfonic acid as a new solid acid catalyst for the simple and green one pot multicomponent synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones/thiones was studied. New solid acid catalyst was prepared through a clean and simple protocol and characterized using FTIR, VSM, TGA, SEM, elemental analysis (CHN) and XRD techniques. Heterogenization of homogeneous catalyst as a green approach is a useful method for enhancing the efficiency of catalyst. Presented study was a new method for attachment of homogeneous highly soluble catalyst (meglumine sulfate) to the magnetite nanoparticle surfaces for preparing a heterogeneous and effective catalyst. Obtained heterogeneous and reusable solid acid catalyst has high performance in the synthesis of Biginelli compounds. The reaction was performed under microwave irradiation as a rapid and green condition. Easy work up as well as excellent yield (90–98%) of products in short reaction times (40–200 s) and reusable catalyst are the main advantages of presented procedure. Reaction products were characterized in details using physical and chemical techniques such as melting point, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and FTIR.     

表面含磺酸基的介孔分子筛催化剂SBA-15-SO3H的制备及其催化性能

采用直接和后合成两种方法制备出含磺酸基的介孔分子筛SBA-15-SO₃H,用XRD和红外光谱分析制备过程中催化剂结构和组成的变化.结果表明,两种方法制备出的含磺酸基的催化剂都保持了SBA-15分子筛的完整晶体结构,并含有质子酸中心-SO₃H;固体核磁共振表征结果证明,两种方法都使MPTMS存在于分子筛的表面;用N₂吸附-脱附测定了它们的比表面积、孔径和孔容;TGA分析认为,MPTMS在分子筛表面的热稳定性大于300℃,酸碱滴定结果说明,直接法获得的催化剂的酸中心多于后合成法.酯化反应结果表明,直接法合成的催化剂比后合成法具有更高的稳定性,且简便、快捷、高效.     

On the mechanism of the unwanted acetylation of polysaccharides by 1,3-dialkylimidazolium acetate ionic liquids: part 2—the impact of lignin on the kinetics of cellulose acetylation

Cellulose acetylation has been reported as a side reaction of cellulose treatment with the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIm][OAc]) (Karatzos et al. in Cellulose 19:307–312, 2012) and other 1,3-dialkylimidazolium acetate ionic liquids. 1-Acetylimidazole (AcIm), an [EMIm][OAc] impurity, has been found to be the actual acetylating agent (Zweckmair et al. in Cellulose 22:3583–3596, 2015), and the degree of acetylation was relatively low, below a DS of approx. 0.1%. Higher degrees of cellulose acetylation (DS > 10%) have been observed when the entire wood was mixed with [EMIm][OAc] instead of cellulosic pulp only (Abushammala et al. in Carbohydr Polym 134:609–616, 2015). In this paper, we explore the impact of wood constituents, mainly lignin, on cellulose acetylation using AcIm. The results demonstrate that lignin itself can be readily acetylated upon mixing with AcIm, and—noteworthy—that lignin presence significantly accelerates cellulose acetylation. The initial rate of cellulose acetylation by AcIm increased from 1.8 to 4.7%/h when only 1% of lignin, based on cellulose mass, was added. A mechanistic study employing cellulose and lignin model compounds showed lignin to be more susceptible to acetylation than cellulose and to act as an intermediate acetyl group source for further cellulose acetylation in a catalytic scenario.