氯离子对硫化矿发电浸出过程影响的机理研究

采用双电池体系综合考虑了Cl-对硫化矿的FeCl3浸出过程的影响.研究结果表明,Cl-对所研究各硫化矿发电浸出的影响效果类似:阳极电解液中Cl-直接参与硫化矿发电浸出过程.发电输出功率随着Cl-浓度的增加而增加,但是浓度增大到一定程度时,其影响作用减弱.本研究对各矿物提出了相应的反应机理,建立了各体系发电浸出速率与[Cl-]的动力学关系,对镍精矿、铜精矿、闪锌矿及方铅矿体系分别为:模型与实验结果吻合.     

碳糊电极在硫化矿发电浸出过程中的应用研究

应用线性电势扫描法研究硫化矿的纯矿电极与碳糊电极体系在氯化钠电解液中的电化学行为.结果表明,乙炔黑在硫化矿浸出过程中起到电催化作用,加入乙炔黑的碳糊电极较之纯矿电极,其发电浸出输出电流和电压均有一定程度的增加,同时活化能较传统浸出的低.     

还原焙烧红土矿的硫酸浸出动力学

研究了选择性还原焙烧红土矿的硫酸浸出动力学.实验考察了浸出温度(30 ℃～70 ℃)和硫酸浓度(0.01～0.5 mol·l-1)对Ni、Fe浸出率的影响.结果表明:红土矿的选择性还原焙烧可增快Ni的浸出而抑止Fe的溶解.Ni的浸出动力学可用Avrami方程描述,其浸出反应的表观活化能为(15.40±0.18) kJ·moL-1.Fe的浸出受内扩散过程控制,浸出的表观活化能为(55.16±1.37) kJ·moL-1.     

不同离子液体中三氯化铁的电化学行为

本文采用循环伏安法研究了FeCl3在五种不同的离子液体(包括疏水性和亲水性的离子液体)中的电化学行为,计算了不同离子液体中FeCl4的扩散系数.实验结果表明:Fe3+在离子液体中的氧化还原过程是一个具有较高可逆性的扩散控制过程.离子液体的阴、阳离子的结构及大小对Fe3+的电化学响应有影响,且离子液体的阴离子的影响较阳离子更大一些.     

三氯化铁与硫氰化钾平衡体系颜色变化的探讨

正1平衡体系中加入氯化钾晶体后的颜色变化化学平衡学习或复习过程中经常出现这样一道习题:在FeCl3溶液中滴加无色的KSCN溶液后,有以下可逆反应存在:FeCl3+3KSCNFe(SCN)3+3KCl已知Fe(SCN)3呈红色,则在该平衡体系中加入少量KCl晶体后(忽略溶液体积的变化)红色将()A.变深B.变浅C.不变D.无法确定1.1常规解答     

铁系胶体催化剂各组分相互作用的研究

已知催化剂 FeCl3 Al(i Bu)3 Phen(邻菲罗啉 )在加氢汽油介质中对丁二烯聚合有较高的活 性 [1－ 2],作者曾研究了 FeCl3 Al(i Bu)3 Phen体系催化剂的相态,证明该体系为胶体催化剂 [3]. 　　Bushick[4]较早地使用电导率研究烷基铝氯化钛体系离子特性与聚合速率的关系 .至今尚未见从胶体角度研究本体系各组分之间相互作用的报导 . 　　本文是把电导率作为胶体的电学性质之一进行研究的 .主要研究了 FeCl3 Al(i Bu)3 Phen胶体催化剂体系单、多组分溶液的电导率与浓度的关系,结合相应的紫外可见光谱分析结果,…     

铜离子在合金硫化镍矿浸出过程的化学动力学

建立了在常压氧化硫酸浸出合金硫化镍矿过程中通氧反应结束后铜离子浸出镍的动力学方程,反应的表观活化能为129.88 kJ.K-1.mol-1.根据该动力学方程,可以进一步对硫酸氧化浸出合金硫化镍矿过程中镍的浸出速率进行推导.     

氢氧化铁胶体新制法的实验研究

通过对氢氧化铁胶体形成的实验研究,得出用适当浓度的NaOH溶液与适当浓度的FeCl3溶液直接参加反应,制取Fe(OH)3胶体的方法,及用这种方法制取Fe(OH)3胶体,所需的NaOH溶液和FeCl3溶液配制的具体操作.     

二铁取代硅钨酸盐光解引发甲基橙的脱色

合成了SiW10Fe2的季胺盐(Fe2POM),并对其结构进行了表征.以Fe2POM为催化剂,研究了甲基橙的起始浓度、催化剂添加量、不同pH值等因素对光脱色速率的影响.利用异丙醇作为·OH捕获剂,探讨了甲基橙在Fe2POM-H2O2体系中的光化学脱色规律和机制.结果表明:体系在较宽的pH范围内具有高的光脱色活性,40—160mg/L初始质量浓度范围内,甲基橙的脱色速率随初始浓度降低而升高,脱色过程符合表观一级反应动力学规律.各体系的光脱色活性依次为:Fe2POM-H2O2单纯的Fe2POM>单纯的光照.     

微波辐射条件下锌与氯化铁溶液反应的研究

为了从一种全新的视角和手段探讨新课程中锌与氯化铁溶液反应到底生成什么产物的问题,通过微波实验方法和正交实验设计,将影响该反应的各种因素和水平进行了科学、全面、均衡地安排,根据定量实验数据,得出了:7Zn+6FeCl3+6H2O=2Fe(OH)3+2Fe+7ZnCl2+2FeCl2+3H2↑的实验结论.     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。