Cyanex 923从硫酸体系中萃取钪及其与P507和环烷酸的比较

稀土元素钪(Sc)在相关原料中含量低,伴生杂质元素多,回收困难。针对这一问题,本文系统对比了直链三烷基氧化膦(Cyanex 923)、2-乙基己基磷酸单-2-乙基己基酯(P507)、环烷酸在硫酸体系中对Sc的萃取、分离和反萃。Cyanex 923在高酸度下能完全萃取Sc,而环烷酸和P507则在低酸度下有较高萃取率。Cyanex 923分离Sc与锆(Zr)、钛(Ti)的最佳水相酸度为1 mol/L,分离系数分别为5. 6和10. 6。P507在水相H~+浓度为2 mol/L时对Sc/Zr、Sc/Ti有最大分离系数,分别是21和59. 7。虽然P507有更好的分离效果,但难以反萃。3种萃取剂中仅有Cyanex 923能被有效反萃,在反酸H+浓度为0. 4 mol/L时有最大反萃率。因此,Cyanex 923更适合从含Sc二次资源浸出液中分离回收Sc。     

双功能离子液体[A336][P507]在盐酸和硝酸介质中对Sc(Ⅲ)的萃取

利用双功能离子液体萃取剂三辛基甲基氯化铵2-乙基己基磷酸2-乙基己基酯盐([A336][P507])在HCl和HNO₃介质中对Sc(Ⅲ)的萃取和分离。 研究表明,萃取剂在低酸度条件下,对Sc(Ⅲ)有较好的萃取能力;但是当水相酸度从0.5 mol/L增加到4 mol/L,Sc(Ⅲ)的萃取率有较大程度的下降。 并且讨论了在HCl介质和HNO₃介质中,[A336][P507]萃取Sc(Ⅲ)的机理,由于Sc(Ⅲ)的半径最小,而且在萃取过程中存在P=O与P-O的竞争作用,使得其萃合物结构与轻稀土不同。 水相中加入盐析剂NaCl或NaNO₃对Sc(Ⅲ)的萃取有一定的促进作用;萃取过程的热力学参数的结果表明,萃取反应是放热反应。 还研究了混合稀土中Sc(Ⅲ)和其它稀土离子的分离,在较低酸度的条件下萃取剂[A336][P507]对其它稀土离子的萃取可以忽略不计,因此该萃取体系对Sc(Ⅲ)和其它稀土离子有较好的分离效果,显示了本研究潜在的应用价值。     

钪-乳酸-2-(5-溴-2-吡啶偶氮)-5-二乙氨基苯酚-Triton-X-100体系的显色反应及应用研究

在pH8.1～8.8,有 Triton X-100存在下,Sc(Ⅱ)与乳酸(L)及 5-Br-PADAP(R)形成胶束混配络合物。该络合物最大吸收波长为565nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为6.08×10～4L·mol～(-1)·cm(-1)。络合物组成为Sc:L:R=1:1:2。由于乳酸的存在,显色体系灵敏度和选择性都得到提高。本法用PMBP萃取分离干扰组分后,可测定钨矿及其浸出渣中微量钪,相对标准偏差为1.7％～2.7％。     

二(2,4,4-三甲基戊基)膦酸从盐酸介质中萃取分离钪(Ⅲ)和铁(Ⅲ)

本文研究了二(2,4,4-三甲基戊基)膦酸(HBTMPP)的正辛烷溶液对Sc(Ⅲ),Fe(Ⅱ)的萃取平衡影响,研究了酸度对Sc(Ⅲ)、Fe(Ⅲ)分配比影响,探讨了Sc(Ⅲ)和Fe(Ⅲ)的分离可能性。用斜率法确定了萃合物组成和萃取反应机理,并研究了萃合物的IR、NMR谱,求得了萃取反应的平衡常数和热力学函数。     

石油亚砜萃取分离稀土和钪

本文研究了稀土和钪在 PSO-HCl、PSO-HNO_3、PSO-NH_4SCN-HCl 体系中萃取行为、其中 PSO-NH_4SCN-HCl 体系的β_(Nd)~(Sc)高达5×10~3。应用于大量稀土中小量钪的分离和测定。     

P204-P507-H2SO4体系萃取稀土元素的研究

对P204与P507混合萃取剂在硫酸介质中萃取分离Nd和Sm的行为进行了研究。重点考察了在硫酸介质中,P204添加一定量P507对稀土萃取能力、反萃性能以及Nd-Sm分离效果的影响。测定了不同比例的混合有机相在不同平衡酸度下的Nd,Sm分配比以及协同系数,并得到了相应条件下的Sm/Nd分离系数。试验结果表明,P204与P507混合体系在硫酸介质中萃取分离Nd,Sm时存在不同程度的正协同效应。     

用Tween 80-硫酸铵-1-(2-吡啶偶氮)-2-萘酚-磺酸体系萃取分离钯(Ⅱ)、钴(Ⅱ)、镍(Ⅱ)、锌(Ⅱ)、镉(Ⅱ)、锰(Ⅱ)和铝(Ⅲ)

研究了Tween 80水溶液在(NH4)2SO4存在下,水溶性螯合剂1-(2-吡啶偶氮)-2-萘酚-磺酸与金属离子螯合物在该体系中两相间的分配行为.结果表明,Pd(Ⅱ)、Co(Ⅱ)在pH 2.0～3.5缓冲溶液中可被Tween相完全萃取,而Zn(Ⅱ)、Cd(Ⅱ)、Mn(Ⅱ)、Al(Ⅲ)基本上不被萃取.在不同pH条件下实现了Pd(Ⅱ)、Co(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)、Cd(Ⅱ)、Mn(Ⅱ)、Al(Ⅲ)混合离子的定量萃取分离.     

8-羟基喹啉萃取Pr3+，Nd3+的机理探讨

研究了8-羟基喹啉(HQ)从盐酸介质中萃取Pr 3 ,Nd 3 的行为. 通过对Pr 3 ,Nd 3 萃取平衡常数的测定结果发现,8-羟基喹啉对Pr 3 ,Nd 3 的萃取反应具有相近的平衡常数. Kex(Pr 3 )=10 -11.83,Kex(Nd 3 )=10 -11.70. 从稀释剂的种类,水相酸度,萃取剂浓度,Ac -浓度4个方面探讨了8-羟基喹啉萃取Pr 3 ,Nd 3 的机理. 结果显示,Ac -在溶液中分别与Pr 3 ,Nd 3 络合,并以Pr(Ac -) 2 ,Nd(Ac -) 2 的形式参与萃取反应;不同稀释剂随着介电常数的增大,萃取率逐渐变小,萃取率的顺序为:庚烷＞环己胺＞四氯化碳＞二甲苯＞甲苯＞氯仿＞二氯甲烷. 探讨了8-羟基喹啉萃取Pr 3 ,Nd 3 的机理.     

EGCG在Tween80胶束体系中的性质(英文)

通过离子萃取技术,从黄山绿茶中提取高纯度儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG).在Tween 80/EGCG/H2O体系中,随着EGCG浓度增加,Tween 80临界胶束浓度和胶束动力学半径增大;随着Tween 80浓度增加,EGCG和Tween 80扩散系数减小,而EGCG的紫外-可见吸收光强度和荧光强度增加.对EGCG在Tween 80胶束中的定位也进行了讨论.     

聚乙二醇双水相萃取光度法测定铼

研究了聚乙二醇双水相体系中,金属离子络合物及萃取剂的光谱行为,研究了酸度、缓冲溶液用量、盐用量、萃取剂用量及表面活性剂对萃取铼的影响,并通过控制一定条件,可实现了混合离子的分离。     

PEG6000修饰物混合吐温80－硫酸铵盐的液－固萃取体系分离纯化血红蛋白

采用聚乙二醇6000（PEG6000）修饰物混合吐温80－硫酸铵盐的液－固萃取体 系对血红蛋白分离纯化进行研究，考察了修饰物、盐、吐温80浓度以及体系酸度、 温度等因素对因素对血红蛋白离纯化的影响，用该体系直接从三种血液中分离纯化 血红，操作简便快速，萃取容量大，一次萃取容量大，一次萃取固相收得率99%以 上，一次反萃取率达75%，一步纯化倍数达20倍，用多种手段验证了所获猪血红蛋 白，纯度达99%。     

Liquid-solid extraction system based on between 40-salt-H(2)O without organic solvents

An aqueous solution of Tween 40 forms liquid and solid phases in the presence of various salts, depending on the Tween 40 concentration, the identity and concentration of the salt, and the solution acidity. The distribution of Zr(IV), U(VI), Fe(III), Pb(II) and some organic photometric reagents between the Tween 40 phase and aqueous phase containing salt was examined. The quantitative extraction, separation and determination of Zr(IV) or U(VI) in the presence of Pb(II) was achieved by controlling the solution acidity in the system. The extraction mechanism has been tentatively studied.     

Evaluation of the suitability of low hazard surfactants for the separation of phenols and carotenoids from red‐flesh orange juice and olive mill wastewater using cloud point extraction

Natural antioxidants derived from plant sources attract considerable scientific interest. While classic extraction methods consume high volumes of toxic organic solvents, cloud point extraction requires surfactant not exceeding 15% of the waste volume. In preliminary tests, the suitability of various low hazard surfactants (Span 20, PEG 400, Tween 80 and 20) was explored for separation of phenols and carotenoids from olive mill wastewater and red‐flesh orange juice. Tween 80 showed the highest recovery and further applied to the next experiments. The most appropriate surfactant concentrations were 5% (for olive mill wastewater) and 7% (for orange juice) as indicated by recovery % and the rest cloud point extraction parameters (analyte concentration, concentration factor, and phase volume ratio). A double step CPE with 5% + 5% of Tween 80 recovered up to 94.4% of the total phenols from olive mill wastewater, while a 7% + 7% of Tween 80 recovered up to 72.4% of the total carotenoids from orange juice. Evaluation of the final effects and extraction efficiency of single and double step cloud point extraction shows that double step scheme seems to be preferable in both cases. Finally, phenols and carotenoids recovered by Tween 80 maintained high antiradical activity (DPPH test).     

用吐温80—盐—水液—固萃取体系从兔肌中分离纯化乳酸脱氢酶

用吐温８０－盐－水液－固萃取体系从兔肌中分离纯化乳酸脱氢酶＊柳畅先邓江天雷锦桂游文淑李步海（中南民族学院化学系武汉４３００７４）关键词液－固萃取吐温８０乳酸脱氢酶中图分类号Ｏ６５８．２非有机溶剂液－固萃取体系是一种新的萃取体系，其特点之一是聚合物固相...     

An improved colorimetric determination of lead(II) in the presence of nonionic surfactant.

Phenanthraquinone monophenyl thiosemicarbazone (PPT), an excellent color-forming chelating agent, combines to Pb(II) to form a slightly soluble complex in aqueous solution. To determine this metal ion, a tedious and time-consuming separation technique, such as liquid-liquid extraction, has to be performed. However, the Pb(II)-PPT complex could be determined conveniently by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry at 520 nm in a Tween 80 micellar medium that has polyoxyethylene groups. After conditions, such as the pH, the concentration of PPT and the stability, were adjusted to their optimum values, the sensitivities of the Pb(II) ions in the Tween 80 micellar medium and in chloroform were compared. It was shown that the sensitivity of Pb(II) in the Tween 80 micellar medium was higher than in chloroform. The interference from different cations and anions was studied. Beer's law was obeyed over a concentration range of 0-40 microg ml(-1). The detection limit of Pb(II) was 0.036 microg ml(-1). The recovery yields of the lead(II) in the synthetic mixtures and water samples ranged from 98 to 99.8%, and their relative standard deviations (RSD) were below 4%. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of lead in certified reference samples, biological samples and in environmental water samples.     

聚乙二醇2000-吐温80-(NH4)2SO4-H2O液-固萃取体系

研究了聚乙二醇2000-吐温80混合聚合物水溶液在(NH₄)₂SO₄存在下分成液-固两相的条件和水溶性螫合剂及金属离子螫合物在两相间的分配行为,实现了Zr(Ⅳ)-Sc(Ⅲ)、Fe(Ⅲ)-Sc(Ⅲ)的定量萃取分离,初步探讨了混合聚合物相的萃取机理。     

聚乙烯醇缩对甲酰基苯偶氮变色酸析相液-固萃取镍的研究

报道了高分子显色剂聚乙烯醇缩对甲酰基苯偶氮变色酸做萃取剂时,Ｎｉ＾２＋等常见过渡金属离子的非有机溶剂液－固萃取行为和影响萃取的各种因素,特别是对高分子显色剂的结构与分析性能的关系做了系统比较研究,并对萃取机理作了初步探讨。     

Micellar colorimetric determination of iron, cobalt, nickel and copper using 1-nitroso-2-naphthol

1-Nitroso-2-naphthol, an excellent color-forming chelating agent, combines to Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and so on to form slightly soluble complexes in aqueous solution. To determine these metal ions, a tedious and time consuming separation technique, such as liquid-liquid extraction, has often been performed. However, these metal-1-nitroso-2-naphthol complexes could be determined conveniently by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry in Tween 80 micellar medium that has polyoxyethylene groups. After conditions such as pH, the amount of 1-nitroso-2-naphthol and the stability were adjusted to their optimum values, the sensitivities of the metal ions in Tween 80 medium and in chloroform were compared. It was shown that the sensitivities of Fe(III) and Co(II) in Tween 80 medium were higher than in chloroform, but that of Cu(II) was lower. The interfering effects among analytes ions, Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) were more serious than by other ions, but the interfering effects could be removed by adjusting pH or adding the masking agents such as NH(3) or oxalate. Detection limits of Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) were 0.024, 0.016, 0.039 and 0.023 mug ml(-1), respectively, and the correlation coefficients of these calibration curves were above 0.996. Recovery yields of the metal ions in the mixed standard solution ranged from 96 to 103%, and their coefficients of variation were low ranging between 0.94 and 1.75%. Cu(II) in brass sample and the amount of Fe(III) in steel sample were also determined. This proposed technique is simple, convenient and speedy.     

Selective separation of copper with Lix 864 in a hollow fiber module

The transfer and separation of Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) ions across a hollow fiber supported liquid membrane containing LIX 864 as the mobile carrier dissolved in kerosene solvent has been investigated. The flux and selectivity for copper has been studied as a function of the feed flow, the carrier concentration in the liquid membrane and the extraction solution acidity. A maximum copper recovery at 30% of LIX (v/v) in the diluent was obtained. The permeation experiments showed that at pH 2 in the extraction solution a highly selective separation of Cu over the other cations can be achieved. Increasing the acidity of the extraction solution copper selectivity decrease and the grade of recuperation sequence is Cu>Co>Ni>Zn. These results suggest that in selected situations, this membrane system can be competitive with the conventional liquid-liquid extraction process, in particular in leaching solutions with low metal concentration.