Pt/C催化剂的硅钼酸电化学修饰

通过电化学循环伏安法将硅钼酸修饰到Pt/C催化剂表面, 比较了硅钼酸修饰对Pt/C催化剂上CO、甲醇及乙醇电氧化反应的影响. CO消除伏安测试结果表明, 用硅钼酸修饰后的Pt/C催化剂上吸附的CO的起始氧化电势和峰电势, 与修饰前相比分别降低了80和60 mV, 表明修饰后Pt/C催化剂的抗CO性能有明显提高. 对于甲醇的电氧化反应, 硅钼酸的修饰不仅提高了甲醇电氧化的电流密度, 而且降低了甲醇的起始氧化电势, 促进了中间氧化产物的脱除；而在乙醇的电氧化反应中, 硅钼酸修饰虽对Pt/C催化剂上乙醇的起始氧化电势没有影响, 但能增加乙醇电氧化的电流密度.     

Pt/PMo12/PEDOT/GC电极的制备及其甲醇电氧化性能

将磷钼酸(PMo12)修饰到电化学聚合制得的聚3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩(PEDOT)(PEDOT/GC)膜表面(PMo12/PEDOT/GC),随后电沉积Pt得Pt/PMo12/PEDOT/GC电极.研究了PMo12和PEDOT对电极氧化甲醇性能的影响.结果表明,PMo12改变了电极上负载Pt的形态和结构,导致Pt纳米结构边缘产生尖锐的刺状结构.Pt/PMo12/PEDOT/GC和Pt/PEDOT/GC电极有较好的甲醇氧化电催化活性,而前者尤佳.PEDOT不仅提高甲醇氧化的电流,还使甲醇的起始氧化电位负移.进一步修饰PMo12后,可明显增大甲醇氧化的电流.     

乙二醇在Pt-WO3/C上的电催化氧化

用循环伏安(CV)和线性扫描(LSV)法研究了乙二醇(EG)在碳载Pt-WO₃/(Pt-WO₃//C)和碳载Pt(Pt/C)电极上的电化学氧化行为. 发现Pt-WO₃//C电极对EG氧化的电催化活性比Pt/C电极高. 这是由于WO₃/能提供EG在Pt上氧化所需的含氧物种，而且WO₃/能降低EG氧化的中间产物CO在Pt上的吸附强度.     

碳纳米管表面修饰程度对碳纳米管载Pt电催化性能的影响

比较了用不同温度的浓HNO₃处理的碳纳米管(CNTs)作载体的Pt(Pt/CNTs)对甲醇氧化的电催化活性. 结果表明浓HNO₃处理使CNTs表面修饰上的含氧基团对CNTs上沉积Pt粒子的平均粒径有较大影响. 表面修饰程度适当时, 制得的Pt/CNTs中Pt粒子较小, 因此, 对甲醇氧化的电催化活性较高. 而表面修饰程度过大, 易使Pt粒子团聚, 从而降低Pt/CNTs催化剂对甲醇氧化的电化学活性.     

磷钼酸修饰的铂电极对二甲醚氧化的电催化作用

利用循环伏安扫描法制备了磷钼酸(H3PMo12O40)修饰的铂电极.在制备修饰电极时,随着扫描次数的增加,磷钼酸的氧化还原峰电流增大,但最终获得稳定的重现性好的磷钼酸修饰的铂电极.通过循环伏安法研究了该修饰电极对二甲醚氧化的电催化反应.结果表明,与未修饰的铂电极相比,磷钼酸修饰的铂电极电催化氧化二甲醚的起始氧化电位负移50 mV,氧化峰电位负移35 mV,氧化峰电流密度提高了1.86倍,这表明修饰电极的电催化活性有了很大的提高.同时,电位负扫时,二甲醚在425 mV(vsSCE)处出现氧化峰,表明二甲醚在修饰电极上的电氧化机理可能发生了改变.实验还发现,制备修饰电极时,降低扫速会提高还原物质杂多蓝的吸附量,但过多的修饰物质会降低铂的活性位数目,反而降低了对二甲醚氧化的电催化作用.     

金属卟啉与Keggin型硅钨酸修饰电极的制备及电催化性能测定

运用自组装和电化学组装联用方法,将镍卟啉配合物THPPNi和Keggin型硅钨酸SiW₁₂修饰到玻碳电极上,制备镍卟啉修饰电极和镍卟啉/硅钨酸复合修饰电极,研究其在DMF溶液中的电化学行为,测定在碱性条件下对NO₂^-和BrO₃^-的电催化性能。循环伏安和交流阻抗研究结果表明,复合修饰电极THPPNi/SiW₁₂的电极过程属于扩散控制过程;复合修饰电极优于单一修饰金属卟啉和多酸修饰电极。     

碱性介质中甲醇在铂电极表面吸附和氧化的电化学原位FTIR反射光谱和EQCM研究

运用电化学循环伏安、原位FTIR反射光谱和石英晶体微天平(EQCM)等方法研究了碱性介质中甲醇在Pt电极表面吸附和氧化行为. 结果表明: 甲醇电氧化与溶液酸碱性有密切的关系. 酸性介质中甲醇在Pt电极上的CV曲线有两个正向氧化峰, 而碱性介质中只有一个正向氧化峰, 第二个氧化峰的消失可能是由于碱性介质中Pt电极在高电位下形成高氧化态的氧物种毒化其表面引起的. 碱性介质中甲醇解离吸附产物的数量比酸性介质的明显减少, 对甲醇氧化的第一个氧化峰表现出更高的电催化活性. 目前实验条件下, 原位FTIR反射光谱检测到: 碱性介质中甲醇电氧化的最终产物是CO₂和CO₃^2－, 反应中间体主要为HCOO^－物种. 从电极表面质量定量变化的角度提供了甲醇反应机理的新数据.     

电沉积三维多孔Pt/SnO2薄膜及其对甲醇的电催化氧化

在高电流密度下以阴极析出的氢气泡为“模板”电沉积三维多孔Sn薄膜, 经在200 ℃ 2 h和400 ℃ 2 h热处理氧化后电沉积金属Pt, 制得三维多孔的Pt/SnO₂ (3D-Pt/SnO₂)薄膜. 通过扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析了薄膜的形貌和结构. 结果显示Pt主要沉积在SnO₂枝晶上, 形成Pt_shell/SnO_2core结构的枝晶. 在0.5 mol•dm^－3 H₂SO₄＋1.0 mol•dm^－3 CH₃OH溶液中的循环伏安结果表明, 3D-Pt/SnO₂薄膜电极在酸性溶液中电催化氧化甲醇的性能优于电沉积的纯铂电极, 而且具有较高的稳定性.     

电沉积三维多孔Pt/SnO2薄膜及其对甲醇的电催化氧化

在高电流密度下以阴极析出的氢气泡为“模板”电沉积三维多孔Sn薄膜, 经在200 ℃ 2 h和400 ℃ 2 h热处理氧化后电沉积金属Pt, 制得三维多孔的Pt/SnO₂ (3D-Pt/SnO₂)薄膜. 通过扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析了薄膜的形貌和结构. 结果显示Pt主要沉积在SnO₂枝晶上, 形成Pt_shell/SnO_2core结构的枝晶. 在0.5 mol•dm^－3 H₂SO₄＋1.0 mol•dm^－3 CH₃OH溶液中的循环伏安结果表明, 3D-Pt/SnO₂薄膜电极在酸性溶液中电催化氧化甲醇的性能优于电沉积的纯铂电极, 而且具有较高的稳定性.     

纳米三氧化钨修饰碳纳米管载铂催化剂对甲醇氧化的电催化性能

采用表面修饰技术将碳纳米管(CNT)表面羧基化, 通过羧基将钨离子基团修饰到碳纳米管的外表面, 再通过高温焙烧处理将钨离子基团氧化成WO₃, 成功合成了纳米WO₃/CNT复合物, 进一步还原Pt 的前驱体而得到Pt-WO₃/CNT复合催化剂. 采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)对样品的形貌和晶型结构进行了表征, 结果表明, Pt纳米粒子为面心立方晶体结构, 均匀地分布在WO₃修饰的碳纳米管表面. 采用循环伏安(CV)和计时电流法研究了在酸性溶液中Pt-WO₃/CNT催化剂对甲醇的电催化氧化活性, 结果表明WO₃修饰的碳纳米管载铂催化剂比用混酸处理的碳纳米管载铂催化剂对甲醇呈现出更高的电催化氧化活性和更好的稳定性.     

Electrochemical Characterization and Application of Carbon Ionic Liquid Electrodes Containing 1 : 12 Phosphomolybdic Acid

1 : 12 Phosphomolybdic acid (PMo₁₂) and graphite powder were homogeneously dispersed into an n‐octylpyridinum hexafluorophosphate base carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE). The cyclic voltammograms of the PMo₁₂ modified CILE showed three well‐defined pairs of redox peaks due to the PMo₁₂ system. Formal potentials and electrochemical characteristics including electron transfer rate constant and transfer coefficient were evaluated. Additionally, PMo₁₂ modified CILE exhibited good electrocatalytic activity toward iodate reduction. The kinetic of catalytic reduction of iodate on PMo₁₂ modified CILE was investigated in detail. The modified electrode was used for amperometric determination of iodate in commercial table salt.     

PMo12-functionalized Graphene nanosheet-supported PtRu nanocatalysts for methanol electro-oxidation

Graphene nanosheets, synthesized by a modified Hummers method, have been functionalized by PMo₁₂, and used as the supports of the PtRu nanoparticles. The electrocatalytic properties of the resultant nanocatalysts (PtRu/PMo₁₂-Graphene) for methanol electro-oxidation have been evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The micrograph and the elemental composition have also been investigated by transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results suggest that the addition of PMo₁₂ benefits the high dispersion of graphene nanosheets in the water and the uniform dispersion of the PtRu nanoparticles on the graphene nanosheets, and the PtRu/PMo₁₂-Graphene catalysts have higher electrocatalytic activity and better electrochemical stability for methanol oxidation compared to the PtRu/Graphene catalysts.     

Phosphomolybdic acid functionalized graphene loading copper nanoparticles modified electrodes for non-enzymatic electrochemical sensing of glucose

A sensitive non-enzymatic glucose electrochemical biosensor (Cu/PMo₁₂-GR/GCE) was developed based on the combination of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) and phosphomolybdic acid functionalized graphene (PMo₁₂-GR). PMo₁₂-GR films were modified on the surface of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) through electrostatic self-assembly with the aid of poly diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (PDDA). Then CuNPs were successfully decorated onto the PMo₁₂-GR modified GCE through electrodeposition. The morphology of Cu/PMo₁₂-GR/GCE was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry were used to investigate the electrochemical performances of the biosensor. The results indicated that the modified electrode displayed a synergistic effect of PMo₁₂-GR sheets and CuNPs towards the electro-oxidation of glucose in the alkaline solution. At the optimal detection potential of 0.50 V, the response towards glucose presented a linear response ranging from 0.10 μM to 1.0 mM with a detection limit of 3.0 × 10⁻² μM (S/N = 3). In addition, Cu/PMo₁₂-GR/GCE possessed a high selectivity, good reproducibility, excellent stability and acceptable recovery, which indicating the potential application in clinical field.     

Al Electrode Modified by Au Atoms as a Novel Electrode for Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Thiosulfate

An aluminum electrode modified with gold atoms was introduced as a novel electrode. Gold atoms were deposited both chemically and electrochemically onto the aluminum electrode to make an aluminum/gold (Al/Au) modified electrode (ME). The experimental results showed that the Al/Au modified electrode prepared by chemical deposition, exhibits much more current than the electrochemical deposition method. The electrochemical behavior of the Al/Au modified electrode was studied by cyclic voltammometry. This modified electrode showed two pairs of peaks, a₁c₁ and a₂c₂, with surface‐confined characteristics in a 0.5 M phosphate buffer. The dependence of E_pa of the second peak (a₂c₂) on pH shows a Nernestian behavior with a slope of 55 mV per unit pH. The effect of different supporting electrolytes, solution's pH and different scan rates on electrochemical behavior of Al/Au modified electrode was studied. Au deposited electrochemically on a Pt electrode (Pt/Au) was also used as another modified electrode. A comparative study of electrochemical behavior of bare Al, Pt/Au and Al/Au modified electrodes showed that both Pt/Au and Al/Au electrodes have the ability of electrocatalytic oxidation of S₂O₃^2?, but the electrocatalytic oxidation on the latter was better than the former. The kinetics of the catalytic reaction was investigated by using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry techniques. The average value of the rate constant for the catalytic reaction and the diffusion coefficient were evaluated by means of chronoamperometry technique.     

Multilayer films of cationic surfactants incorporating polyoxometalate on electrodes

A new kind of multilayer of didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) and 1:12 phosphomolybdic anions (PMo₁₂) was achieved on the surface of a wax-impregnated graphite (WIG) electrode by ion exchange and electrostatic interaction. The characterization and electrochemical behavior of the multilayer films of DDAB/PMo₁₂ is described in detail. The chemically modified electrode was shown to exhibit an excellent electrocatalytic activity toward the reduction of BrO₃ ^– anion in 0.5 M H₂SO₄ and possesses several attractive features, such as simple preparation, fast response, good stability, etc. Electronic Publication     

Composite electrodes consisting Pt nano-particles and poly (aminophenols) film on pre-treated aluminum substrate as electrocatalysts for methanol oxidation

Electrochemically platinum plated aluminum (Al/Pt) was used as an electrode substrate for the electropolymerization of aminophenols and fabrication of composite electrodes based on platinum nano-particles. The poly(o-aminophenol) (PoAP), poly(m-aminophenol) (PmAP), and poly(p-aminophenol) (PpAP) were synthesized on the Al/Pt electrode, and further modification was performed by deposition of platinum nano-particles onto polymer matrixes. The electrochemical and morphological characteristic of the composed electrodes were carried out by cyclic voltammetry and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol on the composite electrodes was studied by cyclic voltammetry in 0.1 M sulfuric acid as supporting electrolyte. It was found that the Al/Pt/PoAP electrode incorporated Pt nano-particles (Al/Pt/PoAP/Pt) exhibits a higher electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of methanol than the Al/Pt/PmAP/Pt and Al/Pt/PpAP/Pt electrodes. On the other hand, a higher catalytic current for methanol oxidation was found on the Al/Pt/PoAP/Pt electrode in comparison to bulk Pt and Al–Pt (Al with 0.2 mg cm⁻² of Pt particles) electrodes. The effects of various parameters such as thickness of the polymer film, concentration of the monomer, Pt loading method and the Pt amounts, concentration of the methanol, and the medium temperature were studied on the electrooxidation of methanol. The long-term stability of the modified electrode has also been investigated.     

Enhanced Electrocatalytic Activity of Dual Template Based Pt/Cu‐zeolite A/Graphene for Methanol Electrooxidation

A novel Pt/Cu‐zeolite A/graphene based electrocatalyst was successfully prepared by chemical reduction method for methanol electrooxidation. Graphite oxide and Cu functionalized zeolite A were simultaneously reduced by NaBH₄ to prepare Cu‐zeolite A/graphene support which was used to deposit Pt nanoparticles. The nanostructure and composition of as‐prepared Pt/Cu‐zeolite A/graphene composites were characterized by X‐ray diffractometer, X‐ray fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and scanning electron microscopy. The electrocatalytic properties of Pt/Cu‐zeolite A/graphene modified electrode for methanol oxidation were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry in 0.10 mol/L H₂SO₄ + 0.50 mol/L CH₃OH solution. Compared with Pt/zeolite A/graphene electrode and Pt/graphene electrode, Pt/Cu‐zeolite A/graphene based electrode exhibited obviously enhanced current and higher electrocatalytic activity for methanol electrooxidation. The increased electrocatalytic activity was attributed to the presence of zeolite A and reduced graphene oxide based dual template, which significantly increased the effective electrode surface and facilitated the diffusion of analytes into the electroactive catalyst.     

Modification of multi-walled carbon nanotubes by microwave digestion method as electrocatalyst supports for direct methanol fuel cell applications

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) which were directly synthesized on carbon cloth were modified by a microwave digestion method in 5 M HNO₃ for supporting Pt nanoparticles. The characterizations of modified CNTs were carried out by TEM, XPS, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. The HRTEM image shows the caps of MWCNTs are opened after modifying by microwave digestion method. The open-end and undamaged MWCNTs can provide a larger surface area for supporting more catalysts. Furthermore, the methanol electrocatalytic oxidation of microwave digestion treated Pt/MWCNTs electrode shows higher current density than pristine and nitric acid-treated MWCNTs from cyclic voltammograms. This can be an effective and undamaged method for modifying CNTs.     

A Simple and Novel Electrochemical Sensor Based on Phosphomolybdic‐Polypyrrole Film Modified Electrode for Highly Sensitive Detection of Cholic Acid

A simpe electrochemical sensor for detection of cholic acid (CA) was designed by modifying phosphomolybdate (PMo₁₂) doped polypyrrole (PPy) film on glassy carbon electrode (PMo₁₂‐PPy/GCE). The electrochemical behavior of CA on PMo₁₂‐PPy/GCE was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and 0.5 order differential voltammetry. The results indicated that CA had high inhibitory activity toward the peak currents of PMo₁₂‐PPy/GCE. The reduction peak currents were linearly related to the logarithmic value of the concentration of CA from 1.0×10^?7 to 1.0×10^?3 mol/L with a low detection limit of 1.0×10^?8 mol/L. The developed sensor exhibited excellent sensitivity, selectivity and stability for detection of CA, and it could be successfully applied to detect the level of CA in the urine samples. Moreover, the response mechanism of CA on the PMo₁₂‐PPy/GCE was discussed in detail.     

Electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol onto platinum particles decorated nanostructured poly (1,5-diaminonaphthalene) film

In this work, platinum particles decorated nanostructured poly (1,5-diaminonaphthalene) modified glassy carbon electrode (Pt/Nano-PDAN/MGCE) is prepared. The composite catalysts are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and electrochemical methods. The electrochemical methanol oxidation reaction is studied at the surface of this modified electrode. At same Pt loading, the Pt/Nano-PDAN/MGCE can act as higher efficient catalyst for methanol oxidation than that Pt/MGCE. Then, the influence of some parameters such as potential scan rates, switching potential, and methanol concentration on its oxidation as well as long-term stability of the modified electrode have studied by electrochemical methods. Also, ability of the modified electrode toward electrocatalytic oxidation of formaldehyde as an intermediate in methanol oxidation has been investigated.