高效液相色谱法分析内生真菌草酸青霉的代谢产物黑麦酮酸A

建立了高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定内生真菌草酸青霉发酵液中黑麦酮酸A的方法。采用AgilentXDB-C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),确定了最佳色谱条件:流动相为甲醇和水(70∶30,V/V),DAD检测器,检测波长为320 nm,流速为0.8 mL/min,柱温为30℃,进样量20μL。结果表明,在0.4～22 mg/L范围内,相关系数r=0.9996。在加标水平为0.5,5.0和15.0 mg/L时,平均回收率为86.0%～106.7%;相对标准偏差RSD<6%;检出限为0.08 mg/L,具有较好的精密度和准确度。本方法已对10批实际样品进行发酵提取和分析,RSD=4.4%,可应用于内生真菌发酵优化过程中代谢产物黑麦酮酸A的定量分析。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定木材中的五氯苯酚

建立采用气相色谱–质谱法检测木材中五氯苯酚含量的方法。用甲醇为萃取溶剂超声提取木材中五氯苯酚,以气相色谱–质谱仪进行定量分析。五氯苯酚的质量浓度X在0.025～2.0 mg/L范围内与其色谱峰面积Y呈良好的线性关系,线性回归方为Y=394.4X–8 435,线性相关系数r~2为0.999,检出限为0.03 mg/kg。在20,40,125μg/L加标水平下,样品加标回收率为94.1%～101.8%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.90%～2.13%(n=6)。该方法的样品前处理简单,不需要衍生化,具有较高的准确度与精密度,可用于木材中五氯苯酚的测定。     

高效液相色谱法测定杜仲叶中的绿原酸

 采用高效液相色谱法测定杜仲叶中绿原酸的含量。所用色谱柱为Shim-packCLC-ODS柱,以巯嘌呤为内标,以甲醇-0.01mol/L磷酸二氢钾缓冲液(体积比为25∶75;pH3.9)为流动相,UV检测波长为328nm。在上述色谱条件下,当绿原酸质量浓度为25～300mg/L时,以绿原酸对照品溶液与内标液的峰面积比为纵坐标(Y),绿原酸的质量浓度为横坐标(X),二者呈良好的线性关系,线性方程为Y=8.0368X+1.275×10-3,r=0.9999;平均回收率为99.89%,RSD=1.45%(n=6)。     

乙二醛与乙醛酸的比值导数波谱法同时测定

利用比值导数波谱法同时检测乙二醛(GLY)和乙醛酸(AGLY),为GLY催化氧化过程的实时、快速分析提供了新的手段.研究表明,GLY的催化氧化副产物草酸(OX)对GLY、AGLY的分析没有干扰.AGLY的质量浓度(p)在1.47～7.33 ms/L范围内与其吸光度比值导数值(y)呈良好的线性关系,回归方程:y=0.016 31 p-0.013 5,r=0.999 0(n=5);GLY的质量浓度在1.68～9.13 mg/L范围内与其吸光度比值导数值呈良好的线性关系,回归方程:Y=-0.5374 P 0.010 4,r=1(n=5).AGLY与GLY的质量比为0.37～3.35时,AGLY的回收率为95%～103%,GLY的回收率为98%～105%.     

高效液相色谱法测定柳树皮提取物中的水杨甙

 建立了一种测定柳树皮提取物中水杨甙的反相高效液相色谱法。该法采用KromasilC18(4 6mmi.d .× 2 5 0mm ,5 μm)色谱柱 ,以甲醇 0 0 1mol/LKH2 PO4 缓冲液 (pH 4 0 1) (体积比为 15∶85 )的混合溶液作流动相 ,流速为1 0mL/min ,紫外检测波长为 2 6 5nm ,灵敏度为 0 0 4AUFS。在 8 89mg/L～ 2 84 40mg/L的范围内 ,水杨甙的峰面积Y与其质量浓度X的线性关系良好 ,回归方程为Y =- 2 91 5 2 6 0 +5 0 0 0 0 34X(r =0 9998)。水杨甙的平均回收率为 96 1%～ 10 1 2 % (n =5 ) ,相对标准偏差 (RSD)为 1 43%。该法操作简便、快速、准确。     

微生物发酵膨化秸秆生产乙醇的气相色谱法分析

利用微生物发酵膨化秸秆生产乙醇,采用气相色谱法测定发酵秸秆在不同条件下生产乙醇的含量,确定发酵秸秆生产乙醇的最佳条件。乙醇溶液的浓度(X)在0～200 mg/L范围内与对应的气相色谱峰面积(Y)呈线性关系,线性方程为Y=4.217×10~6X-54935,线性相关系数r=0.9904。测定乙醇含量的相对标准偏差(n=6)为1.06％,回收率为87.11％～96.64％。     

离子色谱法测定皮革制品中铬(Ⅵ)的含量

利用离子色谱法测定皮革制品中的铬(Ⅵ),选用Dionex Ionpac-AS11柱作为离子分离柱,以电导检测器检测,对离子分离条件进行了研究。在0.5～200mg/L范围内,铬(Ⅵ)的浓度与色谱峰面积(Y)呈线性关系,线性方程为Y=1.265×10~(-5)+0.504,相关系数为r=0.9997,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.3％(n=7),回收率为87.5％～89.0％。     

HPLC测定一次性塑料用品中邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂

本文用高压、液体色谱柱Liehmspher C-18(250mm×4.6mmID,5μm),以乙腈-水为流动相,流速为1.0mL/min,线性梯度乙腈从70%到100%,采用质谱检测器对邻苯二甲酸酯进行定性鉴定.邻苯二甲酸二甲脂(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二甲酸辛酯(DOP)浓度分别为1.1～89mg/L,0.9～74mg/L,0.9～71mg/L和0.9～68mg/L时线性关系良好,平均回收率分别为83%,89%,86%,87%(n=5).建立了准确度和灵敏度高,方便快捷有效的一次性塑料用品中邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂的高效液相色谱定量分析方法.     

离子色谱紫外检测器联用技术同时分离测定乳制品中的碘离子和硫氰酸根

采用亲水性阴离子交换色谱柱,以碳酸钠-碳酸氢钠与乙腈的混合溶液作为淋洗液,实现了碘离子和硫氰酸根峰与样品中干扰峰的分离;选择紫外检测模式,获得了较高的灵敏度。在0.05～1mg/L范围内,碘离子、硫氰酸根的浓度X分别与对应的色谱峰面积Y呈良好的线性关系,碘离子的线性方程为Y=578.6X-2877,r=1.0;硫氰酸根的线性方程为Y=291.1X-3342,r=0.9998。碘离子、硫氰酸根的检出限分别为4.6μg/L和14.6μg/L,加标回收率为89.9%-106.9%。     

离子色谱法检验尸体心血中草甘膦

建立了离子色谱检测人血中草甘膦的方法。血液样品使用乙腈沉淀蛋白质,离心后取上清液过Dionex OnGuard II RP 柱和Dionex OnGuard IIAg柱后,经IonPac AS-19阴离子色谱柱(25 mm×4 mm)分离,用KOH淋洗液自动发生器(EG)进行梯度淋洗,抑制器采用外加水模式,电导检测器检测。结果表明,草甘膦在10～100 mg/L范围内线性关系良好(相关系数r2=0.9999)。以信噪比(S/N)为3确定方法检出限为0.12 mg/L,以S/N=10确定方法定量限为0.39 mg/L;方法回收率为95.2%～109.1%,相对标准偏差(n=5)为1.2%～3.7%,检测实发案件中死者心血中草甘膦质量浓度为508 mg/L。该方法操作简便,结果准确,适用于血中草甘膦的定量检测,能快速为案件的侦破提供可靠的线索和依据,可满足公安工作的需要。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.