混凝吸附法联合处理小麦麸膳食纤维废水

用聚合硫酸铝铁为混凝剂,阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺为助凝剂,活性炭为吸附剂,采用混凝吸附的方法,处理了小麦麸膳食纤维废水.结果表明当聚合硫酸铝铁(PAFS)的质量浓度为500 mg/L,聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)的质量浓度为10 mg/L,pH为4.21时,混凝处理后的废水COD去除率最大.絮凝后水样经活性炭吸附后COD去除率可达85.82%,色度去除率为100%,浊度去除率为93.03%.     

电解质溶液对聚吡咯电聚合中过氧化行为的影响

分别以硫酸/水和高氯酸锂/乙腈为电解质溶液, 采用循环伏安法在铂基底电极上电聚合制备了聚吡咯, 研究了电解质溶液对聚吡咯电聚合过程中过氧化行为的影响. 与硫酸/水溶液相比, 在高氯酸锂/乙腈溶液中电聚合制备的聚吡咯发生过氧化的峰电位正移了0.42 V. 采用原位傅里叶变换红外(in situ FTIR)光谱技术检测, 结果表明, 电聚合制备的聚吡咯在2种电解质溶液中均发生了过氧化反应, 其β-C经氧化生成C-OH或CO. 在硫酸/水溶液中, 部分聚吡咯发生电氧化降解生成CO₂, 致使其共轭结构被破坏, 电导率迅速下降. 而在高氯酸锂/乙腈溶液中, 在更高的电位范围内, 聚吡咯并没有氧化降解成CO₂.     

环氧液晶弹性体材料的制备与力学性能研究

传统的液晶弹性体材料多采用丙烯酸酯类或聚硅氧烷类分子,通过自由基聚合制备.然而由于自由基聚合易被氧气阻聚,固化过程收缩率高且内应力大,传统液晶弹性体材料的力学性能并不是很优异.为解决这一问题,本文合成了带有环氧基团的液晶单体和交联剂,使用碘鎓盐作为引发剂,通过光引发阳离子反应,用原位聚合交联法制备了环氧液晶弹性体材料.光引发阳离子聚合和传统自由基聚合相比,不受氧气影响且弹性体固化时体积收缩率小.对制备出的液晶弹性体材料的晶相和力学等性能进行探究和表征,发现其比传统的丙烯酸酯类或者聚硅氧烷类液晶弹性体材料具有更优异的力学性能,在清亮点以上,其弹性模量达到了0.92 MPa.     

聚谷氨酸修饰电极同时检测对苯二酚和邻苯二酚

以谷氨酸单体为初始试剂,利用电化学聚合方法制备得到聚谷氨酸修饰电极.考察了电化学聚合条件(电位、扫速及扫描圈数)对修饰电极的影响,运用电化学方法对所制备的修饰电极进行了表征.此修饰电极对对苯二酚和邻苯二酚的电化学氧化还原显示出很高的催化能力,显著降低了二者的氧化电位,改善了二者的电化学可逆性,同时增强了二者的氧化还原峰...     

聚邻苯二胺微纳米相关材料的制备和应用

聚邻苯二胺(PoPD)作为一种重要的苯胺类衍生物,其结构由苯环和连接在苯环上两个相邻的—NH2组成。与聚苯胺相比,聚邻苯二胺具有更多的活性位点,在后期加工和修饰方面具有巨大的优势。近年来,聚邻苯二胺作为一种重要的导电聚合物,以其优良的光电性能和在化工生产中的重要地位,成为众多学者研究的热点。本论文从聚邻苯二胺微纳米相关材料的制备和应用两个方面总结了聚邻苯二胺材料的研究进展。制备方面重点总结了化学氧化法、共沉淀法、微流控法等在聚邻苯二胺微纳米材料合成方面的进展;结合本课题组的研究结果,主要针对聚邻苯二胺的聚合机理、氧化还原过程、组装过程等方面进行总结。应用方面重点总结了聚邻苯二胺微纳米相关材料在传感器、聚邻苯二胺的衍生物在生物成像和超级电容器等方面的研究进展。最后,对聚邻苯二胺微纳米相关材料制备和应用方面存在的问题进行分析,对未来的发展方向进行展望,为后续相关研究提供参考。     

等离子体引发丙烯酰胺水溶液聚合

用两种等离子体引发丙烯酰胺水溶液聚合的方法 ,制备了线性超高分子量聚丙烯酰胺 .研究了放电时间、放电功率、单体的初始浓度及溶液的pH值等对聚合产物的影响     

光辅助引发制备聚甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵

在紫外灯照射和引发剂作用下,通过水溶液聚合法制备聚甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(PDMC).考察了氧化-还原引发体系、氧化-还原和偶氮类引发剂用量、单体浓度、溶液pH、引发温度和络合荆用量等因素对产物特性黏数的影响,并与无光照条件下的聚合结果进行了对比.用红外光谱对所得产物进行了表征.结果表明:光辅助引发可以显著促进DMC的聚合反应.采用硫酸亚铁-过硫酸铵引发剂体系,在引发剂质量分数为0.002 0%,单体质量分数为75%,pH=4,引发温度为10℃,络合剂质量分数为0.003 0%时,所得聚合物的特性黏数达8.4 dL/g以上.     

聚硅硫酸铝在中原油田注水处理中的应用

用硅酸钠和硫酸铝制备了聚硅硫酸铝 (PASS)混凝剂 ,应用于中原油田废水的混凝处理 .考察了硅铝配比、熟化时间、水样pH值和温度等因素对混凝性能的影响 ,并与聚合硫酸铁 (PFS)、聚合氯化铝 (PAC)进行比较 .结果表明PASS在降低悬浮物 (SS)和总铁量、增大絮凝体的直径、加快沉降速度等方面均优于PFS和PAC ,在常温下的混凝性能尤其显著 .     

含C60聚苯乙烯微球的制备及光电导性能研究

目前,多功能、高性能聚合物微球的合成及应用已成为研究热点.制备聚合物微球的方法有乳液聚合法、分散聚合法、无皂乳液聚合法、超微乳液聚合法和悬浮聚合法等.制备微米级微球通常采用乳液聚合法和分散聚合法.     

以聚硫堇为电化学探针的非标记型核酸适配体传感器

采用电聚合法制备了聚硫堇氧化还原电化学探针, 以金纳米粒子为固定核酸适配体的载体构建了非标记型核酸适配体传感器. 用电化学阻抗谱对传感器的组装过程进行了监测, 用循环伏安法和差分脉冲伏安法考察了传感器的电化学行为. 结果表明, 该传感器对凝血酶的检测在1.0 pg/mL～500 ng/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系, 相关系数为0.998, 检出限为0.38 pg/mL. 该传感器制备简单、 灵敏度高且抗干扰能力强.     

有机高分子与聚合硫酸铁的复配特性

研究了水溶性有机高分子(OP)与聚合硫酸铁(PFS)的复配特点,从分子结构和溶剂化角度探讨了OP在PFS中的稳定机制,并采用FT-IR、SEM和X射线衍射探讨了OP与PFS的相互作用.结果表明:具有吡咯环结构的聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵、聚二乙基二烯丙基氯化铵和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮能与PFS复配,且具有较好的稳定性;OP与PFS形成了互相融合的复合体系,主要与PFS中Fe4.67(SO4)6(OH)2.20H2O物相发生相互作用.     

聚合硫酸铁的制备及在造纸废水处理中的应用

对用硫铁矿烧渣制备聚合硫酸铁进行了研究 ,考察了影响烧渣酸浸、水解聚合及稳定性的各种因素。中试结果表明 ,在试验条件下 ,可以得到比重为 1 .58g/mL ,浓度为 1 80 g/L的棕色粘稠高浓度和高稳定性的液体聚合硫酸铁产品。用其对造纸废水处理时 ,CODCr的去除率可达 80 %。     

重金属湿法冶金过程中钙镁结晶的工业现状及相关相图研究进展

首先介绍湿法冶金和材料制备过程中钙镁结晶危害的工业现状及其对溶液化学和结晶相化学基础研究的要求,然后系统地评述相关体系溶液化学和相化学基础研究的进展.接着在作者的系统工作及文献结果分析基础上指出:钙在重金属硫酸盐体系高温溶解度的实验研究、能描述硫酸盐离子缔合的合理热力学预测模型、硫酸盐水溶液结构的光谱和量子化学研究、以及硫酸盐水溶液高温下水的活度测定等是未来研究工作的重点.这些研究工作将加深对重金属湿法冶金过程中钙镁结晶危害行为及规律的认识,为廉价、环保地避免钙镁结晶危害的新工艺开发奠定了重要基础.     

芯片铜互连研究及进展

本文详细介绍芯片制造中铜互连技术,综述酸性硫酸铜电镀工艺要点及常用添加剂作用机理,并概述国内外新型添加剂研究进展. 在此基础上,展望新型铜互连工艺替代酸性硫酸电镀铜工艺的可能性.     

Capillary electrophoresis of complex natural polysaccharides

Complex natural polysaccharides, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), are a class of ubiquitous macromolecules that exhibit a wide range of biological functions and participate and regulate multiple cellular events and (patho)physiological processes. They are generally present either as free chains (hyaluronic acid and bacterial acidic polysaccharides) or as side chains of proteoglycans (PGs; chondroitin/dermatan sulfate, heparin/heparan sulfate, and keratan sulfate) and are most often found in cell membranes and in the extracellular matrix. The recent emergence of modern analytical tools for their study has produced a virtual explosion in the field of glycomics. CE, due to its high resolving power and sensitivity, has been useful in the analysis of intact GAGs and GAG-derived oligosaccharides and disaccharides affording concentration and structural characterization data essential for understanding the biological functions of GAGs. In this review, novel off-line and on-line CE-MS and MS/MS methods for screening of GAG-derived oligosaccharides and disaccharides will be discussed.     

高效液相色谱法测定硫酸沙丁胺醇

利用高效液相色谱仪-电子捕获检测器(HPLC-ECD)测定了市售片剂硫酸沙丁胺醇的含量.结果表明,利用HPLC-ECD技术测定硫酸沙丁胺醇的线性范围为0.944~33.8mg·L-1(r=0.999 6);回收率为99.0%~107.8%(RSD≤4.6%).该法可用于测定片剂的硫酸沙丁胺含量.     

Diffusion of ionic species labeled with35S in various aqueous electrolyte solutions at 25°C

Composite diffusion coeffcients have been measured for the various species labeled with³⁵S which are present in a number of aqueous solutions due to the introduction of the labeled material as³⁵SO ₄ ^2– . The solutions were of two components consisting of water and either sodium sulfate. The diffusion coeffcient measured for sodium chloride solutions is similar to literature data for the corresponding diffusion in sodium sulfate solutions. The results for sulfuric acid and ammonium hydrogen sulfate have been interpreted using literature data for the relative concentrations of the hydrogen sulfate and sulfate ions to obtain estimates for the diffusion coefficents of those ions. The results for perchloric acid, regarded as representing the diffusion coefficient of the hydrogen sulfate ion, have a much different concentration dependence to that observed for the estimates for that ion in sulfuric acid and ammonuim hydrogen sulfate. The difference is attributed to the effect of the perchlorate ion on the water structure.     

Glycosaminoglycan in cerebrum, cerebellum and brainstem of young sheep brain with particular reference to compositional and structural variations of chondroitin-dermatan sulfate and hyaluronan

Recent advances in the structural biology of chondroitin sulfate chains have suggested important biological functions in the development of the brain. Several studies have demonstrated that the composition of chondroitin sulfate chains changes with aging and normal brain maturation. In this study, we determined the concentration of all glycosaminoglycan types, i.e. chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, keratan sulfate, heparan sulfate, hyaluronan and chondroitin in cerebrum, cerebellum and brainstem of young sheep brain. In all cases, chondroitin sulfate was the predominant glycosaminoglycan type, comprising about 54-58% of total glycosaminoglycans, with hyaluronan being present also in significant amounts of about 19-28%. Of particular interest was the increased presence of the disulfated disaccharides and dermatan sulfate in cerebellum and brainstem, respectively, as well as the detectable and measurable occurrence of chondroitin in young sheep brain. Among the three brain areas, cerebrum was found to be significantly richer in chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronan, two major extracellular matrix components. These findings imply that the extracellular matrix of the cerebrum is different from those of cerebellum and brainstem, and probably this fact is related to the particular histological and functional characteristics of each anatomic area of the brain. Copyright (c) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

硫酸钠对胰岛素淀粉样纤维化及其细胞毒性的作用

超过20种人类疾病与蛋白质或者多肽淀粉样纤维化密切相关,探究影响蛋白质的结构稳定性及其淀粉样纤维化的环境条件具有重要意义.本文采用牛胰岛素作为模型蛋白质,研究了Na2SO4对蛋白质淀粉样纤维化的作用.实验结果表明,不同浓度的Na2SO4对胰岛素淀粉样纤维化过程具有不同的影响,低浓度条件下可促进纤维化,较高浓度可明显抑制淀粉样纤维的形成,更高的浓度则使胰岛素形成非纤维状聚集体.ANS荧光分析结果表明,所有浓度的Na2SO4均可减小胰岛素聚集体的表面疏水性,并导致聚集体对细胞膜的损害作用降低.Na2SO4的上述作用可能与其改变蛋白质分子间的静电作用力及溶剂效应有关.     

Thermochemical sulfate reduction a review

The high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide found in many oil and gas fields is thought to arise from the oxidation of petroleum hydrocarbons by sulfate—a reaction that reduces the value of the resource. This review, undertaken in order to better understand the geochemistry of TSR reaction in oil field sediments, covers the relevant information on thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) to 1991. The theoretical and experimental aspects of TSR reactions (including sulfur and carbon isotope studies) are reviewed and their significance to the geochemical system discussed. The present review agrees with previous suggestions that biochemical reduction of sulfate dominates in sedimentary environments below 120°C, and supports the possibility that reactive sulfur species will oxidize certain organic molecules at meaningful rates in geochemically reasonable reaction periods at temperatures above 175°C. We conclude that under typical petroleum reservoir reaction conditions, both elemental sulfur and polysulfides are capable of oxidizing some organic molecules under basic conditions. But that sulfate alone will not react unless lower oxidation state sulfur is present. The possible interaction of low-valence-state sulfur with sulfate to form TSR active oxidants is examined. both H₂S and SO ₄ ²⁻ are required for the formation of active polysufide reductants (e.g. thiosulfate or polythionates) in TSR systems. Such intermediates can serve to lower the overall activation energy of the oxidation of hydrocarbons by sulfate via thermal generation of sulfur radicals that can function as TSR active oxidants in many oil field sediments. We suggest that some proposed chemical mechanisms for TSR need to be experimentally verified and the results re-interpreted with respect to TSR relations in geologic systems. Dedicated to Professor Lisa Heller-Kallai on the occasion of her 65^th birthday