硫酸沙丁胺醇的毛细管电泳非接触电导法检测

建立了毛细管电泳-非接触电导检测分离测定硫酸沙丁胺醇的分析方法。分别考察了分离介质、背景电解质及其浓度和pH、分离电压、进样时间、激发电压、激发频率等因素对实验结果的影响。在优化的实验条件(以15 mmol/L乳酸水溶液(pH 2.7)为电泳介质,10 kV下电动进样3 s,分离电压为10 kV,激发电压为60 V,激发频率为120 kHz)下,硫酸沙丁胺醇的检出限(信噪比为3)为1.92 mg/L,在9.60～48.0 mg/L质量浓度范围内有良好的线性关系(r=0.995),迁移时间的相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.7%。将该方法用于硫酸沙丁胺醇片和硫酸沙丁胺醇气雾剂中的硫酸沙丁胺醇含量的测定,加标回收率为90%～113%,检测结果与药厂的标示值相符合,为硫酸沙丁胺醇的检测提供了一种简便、快速、高灵敏的方法。关键词: 毛细管电泳;非接触电导检测法;硫酸沙丁胺醇;硫酸沙丁胺醇片;硫酸沙丁胺醇气雾剂     

涂丝型聚氯乙烯膜-硫酸沙丁胺醇电极的研制与应用

采用电位分析法测定猪肉中硫酸沙丁胺醇的含量。以硫酸沙丁胺醇与四苯硼钠形成的缔合物为电活性物质制备了涂丝型硫酸沙丁胺醇选择电极,并对其各项性能进行测定。结果表明:电极对硫酸沙丁胺醇有很好的能斯特响应。电极响应的范围为1.0×10-5~1.0×10-1 mol·L-1,级差电位为31mV·pc-1,测定下限(10S/N)为6.5×10-6 mol·L-1。用该电极对猪肉中硫酸沙丁胺醇的含量进行测定,测定结果与标准方法测定值相符。     

同步扫描荧光法测定美洛昔康片的含量

基于美洛昔康与浓硫酸反应后的水解产物的荧光性质,建立了一种利用同步扫描技术测量美洛昔康片剂含量的荧光光度分析方法,考察了硫酸的用量及反应时间,表面活性剂等条件对产物荧光性质的影响.方法检出限为1.9×10-9mol/L,同步荧光峰强度与美洛昔康浓度在6.0×10-8-1.0×10-5mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系.利用本法测定片剂中美洛昔康的含量,平均回收率为97.1%(RSD=1.5%,n=9).     

纳米Fe_2O_3修饰涂碳型硫酸沙丁胺醇选择电极的研制与应用

制备了以纳米Fe_2O_3为修饰剂的涂碳型硫酸沙丁胺醇选择电极,采用电位分析方法对其各项性能进行测定。结果表明,该纳米Fe_2O_3修饰电极有很好的能斯特响应,其线性范围为1.0×10~(-6)~0.1 mol/L,级差电位为59 mV/pC,与普通电极相比,响应时间较短(10 s),检出限更低(2.8×10~(-7)mol/L)。将修饰电极应用于猪肉样品中硫酸沙丁胺醇含量的测定,结果与标准方法结果相符。     

丽春红S分光光度法快速测定硫酸链霉素含量

在pH值为4.0～5.0的条件下,丽春红S与硫酸链霉素(Streptomycin sulphate)反应生成缔合比为1∶1的缔合物,使丽春红S溶液褪色并产生新峰,最大褪色峰谷波长位于537nm,新吸收峰波长位于575 nm.利用最大褪色峰峰谷与新吸收峰峰高的高度差,进行硫酸链霉素含量的测定,其表观摩尔吸光系数(ε)为1.25×104L.mol-1.cm-1,硫酸链霉素的浓度在1.46～58.30 mg.L-1范围内符合比耳定律,方法检出限为0.91 mg.L-1.该法用于硫酸链霉素针剂中硫酸链霉素含量的测定,平行6次测定相对标准偏差1.20%～1.82%,回收率95.6%～102%,结果满意.     

鲁米诺-铁氰化钾-硫酸特布他林化学发光体系的研究

研究发现,铁氰化钾在碱性条件下能氧化鲁米诺产生微弱的化学发光,硫酸特布他林能大大增强该发光强度。在此基础上,结合流动注射技术,建立了一种直接测定硫酸特布他林的流动注射化学发光分析法。该方法的检出限为5.7×10-10g／mL,硫酸特布他林质量浓度在1.0×10-9～1.0×10-7g／mL范围内与发光强度呈良好的线性关系,相对标准偏差为3.3%(硫酸特布他林1.0×10-8g／mL,n＝11)。利用该方法对特布他林片剂和针剂含量的测定,结果令人满意。     

酶解及有机溶剂提取对绵羊血浆和尿样中两种β2-受体激动剂含量测定的影响

采用酶解与有机溶剂提取对绵羊血浆和尿液进行前处理,超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)测定两种样品中莱克多巴胺和沙丁胺醇含量,考察了酶解、有机溶剂提取对两种β2-受体激动剂含量测定的影响。结果表明,绵羊血浆中莱克多巴胺轭合率大于95%,沙丁胺醇轭合率约为40%,添加β-葡萄糖醛苷酶/芳基硫酸酯酶进行酶解可有效解离血浆中轭合的莱克多巴胺和沙丁胺醇,测得的含量显著提高;不经酶解处理血浆中莱克多巴胺、沙丁胺醇检测结果的相对偏差均大于40%,重复性差;绵羊尿液中莱克多巴胺轭合率约为57%,沙丁胺醇轭合率低于1%,酶解后尿液中莱克多巴胺检测结果显著提高,对于沙丁胺醇含量测定无显著影响;血浆样品基质复杂程度低于尿液样品,血浆样品目标化合物的基质抑制效应小于尿液样品;有机溶剂提取对血浆和尿液中莱克多巴胺和沙丁胺醇含量检测结果影响不显著,提取过程存在目标化合物损失的可能性,通过内标校正,可消除提取损失对检测结果的影响。     

基于纳米银对鲁米诺-铁氰化钾化学发光体系的增敏作用测定硫酸特布他林

基于纳米银对鲁米诺-K3Fe(CN)6化学发光体系的显著增敏作用,建立了流动注射化学发光检测硫酸特布他林的新方法.运用透射电子显微镜(TEM)对所制备的纳米银进行了表征.化学发光光谱和紫外吸收光谱显示将纳米银注入鲁米诺-K3Fe(CN)6体系后,未生成新的发光物质.考察了鲁米诺,K3Fe(CN)6,NaOH以及纳米银浓度对化学发光体系的影响,在优化的实验条件下,该方法对硫酸特布他林检测的线性范围是1.0×10-9～2.0×10-5 g/L(r=0.9935),检出限为1×10-10 g/L,相对标准偏差为3.6%(C=1.0×10-6 g/L, n=11).本方法应用于硫酸特布他林片剂含量的测定,回收率为98.5%～102.5%,并与药典方法进行了比较,结果基本一致.     

HPLC法分析复方异丙托溴铵溶液雾化气溶胶成分

建立HPLC法同时测定吸入用复方异丙托溴铵溶液雾化气溶胶中硫酸沙丁胺醇和异丙托溴铵两组分的含量。采用C₁₈(4.6mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相为1.2 g/L的1-庚烷磺酸钠溶液(磷酸调节pH 3.2左右)(A)-乙腈(B),等度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL/min,进样量为50μL,分析时间15 min,柱温40℃,检测波长为210 nm。结果表明,硫酸沙丁胺醇和异丙托溴铵分别在0.1~2.0 mg/L和0.075~2.4 mg/L浓度范围线性良好(r值均大于0.999)。复方异丙托溴铵溶液雾化气溶胶中硫酸沙丁胺醇和异丙托溴铵加样回收率分别为97.8%和102.3%。雾化气溶胶中硫酸沙丁胺醇和异丙托溴铵提取方法的回收率分别为96.1%和97.1%。在吸入暴露装置中经雾化5 min和35 min后,气溶胶中硫酸沙丁胺醇含量分别为22.39和3.21 mg/m³,异丙托溴铵含量分别为22.34和3.23 mg/m³,回收率均不低于99.5%,RSD不大于1.9%,表明雾化5 min即达到稳定。本方法适用于吸入用复方异丙托溴铵溶液雾化气溶胶的药物含量测定,也可为吸入制剂雾化气溶胶供试品分析提供参考。     

基于石墨烯纳米酶效应的谷胱甘肽含量的测定

利用羧基化氧化石墨烯(GO-COOH)的纳米酶效应,建立了一种谷胱甘肽制剂比色法含量测定方法。对反应时间、pH、H_2O_2浓度进行了优化。在最优条件下,谷胱甘肽标准品检测的线性范围为1～50μmol/L。将该方法用于谷胱甘肽片的含量测定,并采用液相色谱法对测定结果进行了验证,结果显示,谷胱甘肽片剂测定的相对误差为1. 8%。该方法简单、直观,可用于谷胱甘肽制剂含量的准确测定。     

Flow-injection spectrophotometric determination of salbutamol with 4-aminoantipyrine

A flow-injection method is proposed for the determination of salbutamol. The method involves the condensation of salbutamol with 4-aminoantipyrine in the presence of hexacyanoferrate (III) in alkaline medium, producing a coloured quinoneimide that was detected absorptiometrically at 500 nm.

The values of four variables (two reactor lengths and two reagent concentrations) were optimised by means of the sequential simplex method and their influence studied in univariant way.

The method was validated and compared with the HPLC method established in the United States Pharmacopeia (USP). Linearity was demonstrated in the range 0–74.1 mg/L of salbutamol sulfate (r² = 0.9999). Commercial samples of pharmaceuticals containing salbutamol sulfate (tablets and oral solutions) were analysed and the results obtained with the proposed method agreed with the USP method in less than 1.6%, with precision similar to the HPLC method (1%–2% R.S.D.). The sampling frequency was 75 samples/hour.     

高灵敏、非衍生的高效液相色谱-电化学检测方法定量分析环维黄杨星D

发展了一种检测血液和环维黄杨星D（CVB-D）药片中CVB-D的高效液相色谱-电化学检测方法（HPLC-ECD）。由于使用高灵敏度的掺硼金刚石电极（BDD）、可为碱性化合物提供更好峰形的C18HCE色谱柱和优化的流动相,该方法可提供更高的检测灵敏度,检出限（LOD）和定量限（LOQ）分别为0.198和0.297μg/L。该方法灵敏度比紫外（UV）、蒸发光散射（ELSD）、电雾式检测（CAD）和质谱（MS）方法灵敏度分别高12727、11481、2630和16.8倍。同时,该方法可提供较宽的线性范围（0.297~1891μg/L）,并且操作过程比MS方法更简单。该方法用于低质量浓度（59.1μg/L）样品的检测也可以提供较好的日内（峰面积RSD<5.08%）和日间（峰面积RSD<5.57%）重复性。此外,将该方法稍做修改,还可用于其他碱性化合物的检测。     

高荧光量子产率钕、氮双掺杂碳点用于柳氮磺吡啶检测及Hela细胞成像

以柠檬酸氢二铵、缓血酸铵和硝酸钕为起始原料,通过水热法合成了荧光量子产率为93.05%、发蓝色荧光的钕、氮双掺杂碳点（Nd,N-CDs）。采用透射电子显微镜（TEM）、粉末X射线衍射（XRD）、红外光谱（FT-IR）及X射线光电子能谱（XPS）等技术对Nd,N-CDs的形貌及表面结构进行了详细表征,采用紫外可见吸收光谱及荧光光谱考察了其光学性质和稳定性。结果显示,药物分子柳氮磺吡啶（SSZ）能够使Nd,N-CDs的荧光显著降低,而金属离子及另外4种药物分子没有明显效果。由此,建立了一种选择性检测SSZ的荧光检测方法,线性检测范围在0.1~50 μmol/L之间,检出限低至0.05 μmol/L。机理探讨表明,荧光猝灭主要涉及动态猝灭和荧光共振能量转移两种机制。所建立的分析方法能用于测定实际药片中的SSZ含量,回收率为98.1%~104.2%。此外,Nd,N-CDs表现出很好的生物相容性,能够作为荧光探针穿透细胞壁使细胞质染色,因不会进一步穿透进入细胞核,很好的避免了对细胞的深层次破坏。     

模拟兔血浆中富马酸福莫特罗的HPLC-ECD测定

采用液液萃取方法,建立了模拟兔血浆中富马酸富莫特罗的高效液相色谱-电化学检测（HPLC-ECD）测定新方法.实验结果表明,富马酸富莫特罗质量分数的线性范围为47～2500 μg/mL（r=0.999 9）,提取回收率为77.8％～80.1％,方法回收率为96.2％～106.0％ （RSD≤1.9％）.该法有望用于动物体内药物代谢分析.     

新型（Salen）Co催化剂催化合成沙丁胺醇

以（Salen）Co-GaC13为催化剂,拆分2-乙酰氧基5-环氧乙基-乙酸苄酯以得到R-型产品,设计新的手性沙丁胺醇的合成路线.结果表明,以（Salen）Co-GaCl3为催化剂、异丙醇为溶剂、水为亲核试剂,拆分2-乙酰氧基-5-环氧乙基-乙酸苄酯所得的产品光学纯度达到97.36％ ee.该方法催化剂廉价易得,拆分过程简便、成本低廉,具备工业化生产的潜力.     

Quantitative determination of salbutamol in tablets by multiple-injection capillary zone electrophoresis

A multiple-injection capillary zone electrophoresis (MICZE) method has been developed for the assay of salbutamol in Ventoline Depot tablets (GlaxoSmithKline). In the developed method, seven sample sets, each consisting of three samples, were sequentially injected into the capillary and analyzed within a single run. This enabled a total of twenty-one sequential injections, i.e., six standards and fifteen samples, containing salbutamol and the injection marker oxprenolol. The injected sample plugs were separated by plugs of background electrolyte, through application of a short-term voltage (30kV) over the capillary for different time periods, i.e., t(PE1) and t(PE2). The samples in each set were isolated from each other by partial electrophoresis for 2.35min (t(PE1)), while the sample sets were separated for 10.50min (t(PE2)). After the final injection, all the applied samples were subjected to electrophoresis for a time period corresponding to that in conventional single-injection CZE. The method was validated regarding linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness before it was applied to the determination of salbutamol in 15 tablets of Ventoline Depot with a labeled content of 8mg salbutamol. The average salbutamol content was determined to 7.8mg (+/-0.3mg) from simultaneous analyses of the 15 different tablets.     

间二氯苯纯度的测定

通过测定间二氯苯中的杂质含量得到间二氯苯的纯度。分别采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC–UVD)和气相色谱法(GC–FID)测定间二氯苯中主要杂质邻、对二氯苯的含量,结果表明两种方法所得杂质含量一致;用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定间二氯苯中杂质苯的含量,卡尔费休(Karl Fischer)法测定水分含量,热重法(TGA)进行灰分测定,电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP–MS)法测定无机杂质含量。最终确定间二氯苯的纯度为99.60%,扩展不确定度为0.03%(k=2)。该方法测定结果准确可靠,具有可溯源性。     

Determination of thioguanine in pharmaceutical preparations by paper substrate room temperature phosphorimetry

A room temperature phosphorimetric (RTP) procedure was used for the determination of 6-thioguanine (6-TG). The method is based on paper substrate room temperature phosphorimetry (PS-RTP) using indium sulfate, In2(SO4)3 as a heavy atom perturber. Various factors affecting the room temperature phosphorescence of 6-TG are discussed. The linear dynamic range for 6-TG is from 3.3 to 334.3 ng per spot with a detection limit of 4.6 ng per spot and a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 2.38%. The recovery of standard 6-TG added to commercial tablets is in the range 96.39-98.44%. The method is simple, rapid and sensitive and can be applied to the analysis of commercial tablets without interference.     

Determination of atropine (hyoscyamine) sulfate in commercial products by liquid chromatography with UV absorbance and fluorescence detection: multilaboratory study

A liquid chromatographic (LC) method with 2 detection systems for determining atropine (hyoscyamine) sulfate in commercial products was tested in a multilaboratory study. Depending on the type of product, sample solutions are prepared in methanol or methanol-water (1 + 1). The standard solution contains about 1.0 mg atropine sulfate/100 mL and is prepared in the same solvent used in sample preparation. LC separations are performed on a 7.5 cm Novapak silica column. The mobile phase is prepared by mixing 970 mL methanol with 30 mL of a 1% aqueous solution of 1-pentanesulfonic acid, sodium salt. Detection is by 2 systems, UV absorbance detection at 220 nm and fluorescence detection with excitation at 255 nm and emission at 285 nm. The injection volume is 100 or 200 microL. The following materials were used for the study: 2 separate samples of tablets labeled to contain 0.4 mg atropine sulfate, 2 separate samples of extended-release tablets labeled to contain 0.375 mg hyoscyamine sulfate, one sample of atropine sulfate injection labeled to contain 2 mg/mL, and one sample of 1% (v/v) atropine sulfate ophthalmic. Eight participants analyzed 2 separate portions of the 6 samples by both detection systems. A ninth participant analyzed the samples in duplicate but only by UV absorbance detection because of the unavailability of a fluorescence detector. The relative standard deviation (RSD) between laboratories ranged from 1.4 to 3.3% for samples of tablets and injections but higher for ophthalmic solutions (5.1-5.2%). A linearity study was conducted in the originating laboratory before the multilaboratory study with 5 solutions ranging in concentration from 0.80 to 1.20 mg atropine sulfate in 100 mL. Average recoveries were 100.0% by UV absorbance detection and 99.9% by fluorescence detection; the RSDs were 1.1 and 1.2%, respectively.