Fabry-Perot腔谐振对横电波激励下亚波长一维金属光栅的异常透射性的作用

利用时域有限差分法,对横电波(TE波)激励带电介质的亚波长一维金属光栅的光场分布进行了模拟分析,发现TE波在所研究的模型下具有异常透射现象.探究其物理本质,确定类导模共振理论是第一个峰和第二个峰产生的主要原因.在此基础上,从麦克斯韦方程出发,通过有效折射率法,确定了类Fabry-Perot(F-P)腔谐振是产生第三个峰的主要原因.从而完善了TE波在所研究的模型下产生异常透射现象的物理本质.为进一步研究TE波异常透射性的物理本质提供了一种完整的理论依据. 关键词： 金属光栅 横电波 异常透射 类Fabry-Perot腔谐振     

双层金属纳米光栅的TE偏振光异常透射特性

根据在亚波长金属光栅表面添加电介质会引起TE偏振光的透射异常性, 应用严格耦合波理论和时域有限差分方法, 研究了双层金属纳米光栅在TE偏振光入射时产生的异常透射现象. 利用等效折射率方法建立了双层金属光栅的等效模型, 得到了TE偏振光透射率与聚合物的折射率、厚度以及金属层厚度的变化关系. 确认了结构中聚合物是透射异常出现的必要条件, TE偏振光以波导电磁模式在其中传播, 并认为类Fabry-Perot腔谐振是透射峰值产生的主要原因.     

TE激励下金属光栅电荷振荡的异常透射及其表面波分析

 利用时域有限差分法,对TE偏振光（电场平行狭缝方向）激励下,不同结构和参数的带电介质亚波长一维金属光栅的光场分布进行了数值模拟实验。根据金属表面电荷分布理论和表面波理论对此现象进行了物理机理分析,通过分析可以得出在金属狭缝处产生柱面表面波,这种表面波可以突破衍射极限,从而引起异常透射;并且根据Ag的表面电荷分布及其激发机理分析,得到了透射峰位置与介质覆层厚度变化的动态响应以及金属薄膜厚度改变时透射率与波长变化的动态关系,确定了柱面表面波是该异常透射现象产生的一个重要原因。理论分析与模拟实验结果一致,从而为TE偏振光激励下的异常透射机理深入研究和结构参数的选择提供了较好的理论依据。     

一维金属光栅的透射光学特性

利用时域有限差分法模拟了一维金属光栅的透射光场的分布及光栅厚度等因素对透射光谱的影响.结果表明:特定波长的光通过金属光栅中的亚波长狭缝时有异常大的透过率增强.分析其物理起源,认为是类FabryPerot(FP)腔作用的结果.基底介电常量对类FP腔长度的调制导致了对透射光谱的影响.金属光栅表面激发的表面等离子体激元波与多缝干涉一样,对透射光谱有一定的影响,但不是形成增强的原因 关键词： 金属光栅 透射光学特性     

单层亚波长金属光栅偏振器透射机理研究

为从物理层面理解亚波长金属光栅偏振透射现象以及光栅参数对偏振透射的影响,基于等效介质理论定性解释了单层亚波长金属光栅的偏振透射现象,给出了各个光栅参数对偏振性能的影响规律。对于不同条件下透射峰值产生的机理,基于法布里-珀罗共振理论给出了定量解释。对于等效介质理论和法布里-珀罗共振理论的准确性给出了验证及分析。通过两理论定性或定量的对单层亚波长金属光栅偏振器透射机理的系统分析,将有助于更清晰地理解金属光栅偏振器的偏振透射影响规律。     

亚波长金属光栅的表面等离子体激元共振特性

亚波长金属光栅在共振波长处有光场局域增强、异常透射等现象,为深入认识其共振机制,本文研究了亚波长金属光栅的表面等离子体激元（SPP）共振特性。通过研究不同金属光栅的几何结构以及金属介电常数对SPP共振波长的影响,获得了3种共振波长的基本物理机制。采用周期边界元法进行数值模拟,在边界积分方程的基础上结合平面波展开方法来处理任意形状的周期性结构。模拟结果表明,3种共振波长可以分别由金属的材料、金属光栅周期和金属光栅厚度所调谐。该研究为微纳米光学器件的设计提供了依据。     

亚波长金属光栅的表面等离子体激元共振特性

亚波长金属光栅在共振波长处有光场局域增强、异常透射等现象,为深入认识其共振机制,本文研究了亚波长金属光栅的表面等离子体激元(SPP)共振特性。通过研究不同金属光栅的几何结构以及金属介电常数对SPP共振波长的影响,获得了3种共振波长的基本物理机制。采用周期边界元法进行数值模拟,在边界积分方程的基础上结合平面波展开方法来处理任意形状的周期性结构。模拟结果表明,3种共振波长可以分别由金属的材料、金属光栅周期和金属光栅厚度所调谐。该研究为微纳米光学器件的设计提供了依据。     

亚波长金属波导的光传播和干涉特性研究

利用时域有限差分方法研究了亚波长金属波导TE波的传播特性和基于异常透射现象的干涉特性.对各种参量对驻波特性的影响及两列波导间的耦合特性进行了分析.研究发现,TE波在波导中传播时存在截止宽度,如果波导宽度小于截止宽度,TE波在波导中不能传播;如果波导宽度大于截止宽度,TE波的传播距离将随波导宽度变大而突然增加.当波导宽度达到或大于半波长时,TE波可以在波导中正常传播.金属波导的截止宽度与金属的吸收系数成正比.此外,由于光在亚波长金属波导透射时的异常透射现象,在亚波长金属波导中产生了TE波的干涉现象,能形成驻波.     

亚波长金属波导的光传播和干涉特性研究

利用时域有限差分方法研究了亚波长金属波导TE波的传播特性和基于异常透射现象的干涉特性.对各种参量对驻波特性的影响及两列波导间的耦合特性进行了分析.研究发现,TE波在波导中传播时存在截止宽度,如果波导宽度小于截止宽度,TE波在波导中不能传播;如果波导宽度大于截止宽度,TE波的传播距离将随波导宽度变大而突然增加.当波导宽度达到或大于半波长时,TE波可以在波导中正常传播.金属波导的截止宽度与金属的吸收系数成正比.此外,由于光在亚波长金属波导透射时的异常透射现象,在亚波长金属波导中产生了TE波的干涉现象,能形成驻波.     

一维TiO2亚波长光栅的衍射异常现象及其结构设计

研究了一维TiO₂亚波长光栅（SWG）的衍射异常现象,具体表现为泄漏模共振效应和瑞利异常。研究表明,一定参数条件下的横磁波（TM偏振）和横电波（TE偏振）入射均会出现瑞利异常和泄漏模共振效应。在TM偏振光情况下,会出现传统的窄带、高衍射效率泄漏模共振效应,而在TE偏振光情况下,由于多个接近的泄漏模共振峰相互叠加,故会形成宽带、高衍射效率的反射谱。采用严格耦合波理论计算了一维TiO₂ SWG的衍射效率,研究了光栅周期、高度和占空比对光栅反射率的影响。当光栅周期为0.49μm,高度为0.25μm,占空比为0.34时,SWG具有TE偏振选择性,在0.52μm波段处的反射率接近1,且高反带（反射率达到99.9%以上）宽度为26 nm。优化各结构参数,得到光栅周期、占空比、高度的制作容差分别为1.6%、8.3%、2.0%,故SWG理论上可以作为垂直腔面发射激光器的反射镜。     

Negative role of surface plasmons in the transmission of metallic gratings with very narrow slits

It is generally admitted that the extraordinary transmission of metallic grating with very narrow slits is mainly due to the excitation of surface plasmons on the upper and lower interfaces of the grating. We show that the surface plasmon contribution is not the prime effect and that waveguide mode resonance and diffraction are responsible for the extraordinary transmission. Additionally and surprisingly, we reveal that the transmittance of subwavelength metallic gratings is always nearly zero for frequencies corresponding to surface plasmon excitation. This finding implies that surface plasmons play a negative role in the transmission.     

Study on guided-mode resonance characteristic of multilayer dielectric grating with broadband and wide using-angle

Guided-mode resonance in a diffraction band of multilayer dielectric gratings may lead to a catastrophic result in laser system, especially in the ultrashort pulse laser system, so the inhibition of guided-mode resonance is very important. In this paper the characteristics of guided-mode resonance in multilayer dielectric grating are studied with the aim of better understanding the physical process of guided-mode resonance and designing a broadband multilayer dielectric grating with no guided-mode resonance. By employing waveguide theory, all guided-wave modes appearing in multilayer dielectric grating are found, and the incident conditions, separately, corresponding to each guided-wave mode are also obtained. The electric field enhancement in multilayer dielectric grating is shown obviously. Furthermore, from the detailed analyses on the guided-mode resonance conditions, it is found that the reduction of grating period would effectively avoid the appearing of guided-mode resonance. And the expressions for calculating maximum periods, which ensure that no guided-mode resonance occurs in the requiring broad angle or wavelength range, are first reported. The above results calculated by waveguide theory and Fourier mode method are compared wit each other, and they are coincident completely. Moreover, the method that relies on waveguide theory is more helpful for understanding the guided-mode resonance excited process and analyzing how each parameter affects the characteristic of guided-mode resonance. Therefore, the effects of multilayer dielectric grating parameters, such as period, fill factor, thickness of grating layer, {\it et al.}, on the guided-mode resonance characteristic are discussed in detail based on waveguide theory, and some meaningful results are obtained.     

Numerical analysis of a dual-wave band guided-mode resonance filter with embedded bilayer asymmetric metallic gratings

In this paper, a novel guided-mode resonances (GMRs) based embedded dual-wavelength filter, which had the bilayer gratings located at the two sides of dielectric substrate and arranged at asymmetric position, was investigated and studied theoretically. As compared to symmetric structures that usually provided single wavelength of transmission resonance, as one normal incidence was used for transverse magnetic polarized light, the designed asymmetric structure could generate two remarkable narrow band wavelengths of transmission resonance. The parameters to affect the resonance wavelengths and the transmission resonance Q value (Q = λ/Δλ) of two bands were the distance between the two metallic gratings, the relatively lateral positions of the upper and lower gratings, the number of structure period, the thicknesses of metallic gratings, and the thickness of dielectric film. By optimizing the designed parameters, a GMR device with two resonance wavelengths located at 1239 and 1302 nm showed relative optimal performance because they had high transmission depth (99.9% and 90%) and ultra-narrow transmission bandwidth (2.8 and 1.8 nm) at the two resonance wavelengths. The presented structure can offer a potential route towards dual-band narrow-band filters and refractive index sensors in the near infrared.     

Waveguide resonance of subwavelength metallic slits

The transmission characteristics of a metallic film with subwavelength periodic slits are investigated by using the two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method (2D-FDTD). Two models are constructed to show the dependance of the transmission spectrum on the slit structure. A sandwiched structure is used to exhibit the contribution of the metallic wall inside slits to the extraordinary high transmission. And a filled slit structure is employed to reflect the relation between the average refractive index inside the slits and the transmission spectrum of the structure. The transmission characteristics of two structures can be explained well with the waveguide resonance theory.     

Extraordinary optical transmission for TE wave through metallic sub-wavelength grating with slits filled with dielectric

A metallic sub-wavelength grating with slits filled with dielectric was proposed to achieve broadband and enhanced Extraordinary Optical Transmission (EOT) for Transverse Electric (TE) wave. The physical mechanism for the improvements of the transmission spectrum was also revealed. It was found that the Fabry–Perot cavity resonance in the grating slits was the cause of the enhancement of the EOT and the waveguide modes theory was the fundamental mechanism for the broadened bandwidth of the transmission.     

Extraordinary Transmission through Metallic Grating with Subwavelength Slits for S-Polarization Illumination

Based on the rigorous coupled-wave analysis algorithm, we have systematically analysed the effect of the geometrical parameters of a dielectric film coated metallic grating with subwavelength slits on extraordinary optical transmission for s-polarization illumination. Results show that the dielectric film which sustains a waveguide electromagnetic mode on the top of the metallic lamellar grating can strongly enhance the transmittance, the positions of the transmission peaks are mainly determined by the period of the metallic grating, the thickness and refractive index of the dielectric film. This structure shows potential applications in excellent polarizers or polarization-isotropic devices at infrared spectral range by appropriately choosing the geometrical parameters.     

Broadband Terahertz Polarization Converter and Asymmetric Transmission Based on Coupled Dielectric‐Metal Grating

Coupled dielectric‐metal gratings are investigated for broadband terahertz (THz) wave polarization conversion and asymmetric transmission by the experiments and numerical simulations, which are composed of the subwavelength Si grating and metallic wire grating layers. The dielectric grating layer with a large artificial birefringence and low dispersion is employed as a phase engineered waveplate, and the metal wire grating arranged with a 45° angle to the dielectric grating is utilized as a high‐efficiency polarizer. Due to the subwavelength integration, this coupled grating presents a local resonance coupling mechanism between dielectric and metal gratings, which greatly enhances the polarization rotation and expands the bandwidth, not a simple combination with dielectric and metallic gratings. The results demonstrate that a broadband asymmetric transmission with an extinction ratio of 30dB from 0.2 to 1.2 THz is achieved and the highest transmission of 90% can be obtained. It provides a simple way towards practical applications for THz artificial dispersion materials, polarization control and asymmetric transmission.     

Guided mode resonance in subwavelength metallodielectric free-standing grating for bandpass filtering

We present the experimental study of a free-standing metallic guided-mode resonant structure, for bandpass filtering applications in the mid-IR wavelength range. Structure consists of a subwavelength gold grating with narrow slits deposited on a silicon nitride membrane. High optical transmission is measured with up to 78% transmission at resonance. Angularly resolved spectra are presented revealing Fano-type resonance.