玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚(BEC)实验及其最新进展

近年来,有关玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚(BEC)的实验研究得到了快速发展,并取得了一系列重大的实验进展。本文重点介绍了玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的实验结果及其最新进展,主要包括具有正、负散射长度碱金属(7Li,23Na,41K,85Rb,87Rb和133Cs)原子BEC的实现,自旋极化1H原子、亚稳态4He原子和具有2个价电子的174Yb稀土原子BEC的实现,全光型BEC和微阱BEC乃至低维BEC的实现,甚至分子BEC和费米原子对的凝聚以及超冷BEC凝聚体的应用等。     

玻色—爱因斯坦凝聚(BEC)实验及其最新进展

近年来,有关玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚(BEC)的实验研究得到了快速发展,并取得了一系列重大的实验进展。本文重点介绍了玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的实验结果及其最新进展,主要包括具有正、负散射长度碱金属(7Li,23Na,41K,85Rb,87Rb和133Cs)原子BEC的实现,自旋极化1H原子、亚稳态4He原子和具有2个价电子的174Yb稀土原子BEC的实现,全光型BEC和微阱BEC乃至低维BEC的实现,甚至分子BEC和费米原子对的凝聚以及超冷BEC凝聚体的应用等。     

Average Dissipative and Dipole Forces on a Three-Level Atom in a Laguerre-Gaussian Beam

By means of the optical Bloch equations based on the atomic density matrix elements, the general expressions of the average dissipative force, dipole force and the mechanical torque acting on a A-configuration three-level atom in a linearly-polarized Laguerre-Gaussian beam (LGB) with an angular momentum of lh are derived, and the general properties of the average dissipative and dipole force on the three-level atom in the linearly-polarized LGB are analysed. We find a resonant property (with two resonant peaks) of the dissipative force and a non-resonant property (with two pairs of non-resonant peaks) of the dipole force on the three-level atom, which are completely different from those on the two-level atom. Our study also shows that all of general expressions on the three-level atom will be simplified to those on the two-level atom in the approximation of large detuning.     

Analytic Solutions of Three-Level Dressed-Atom Model

On the basis of the dressed-atom model, the general analytic expressions for the eigenenergies, eigenstates and their optical potentials of the A-configuration three-level atom system are derived and analysed. From the calculation of dipole matrix element of different dressed states, we obtain the spontaneous-emission rates in the dressed-atom picture. We find that our general expressions of optical potentials for the three-level dressed atom can be reduced to the same as ones in previous references under the approximation of a small saturation parameter. We also analyse the dependences of the optical potentials of a three-level ^85Rb atom on the laser detuning and the dependences of spontaneous-emission rates on the radial position in the dark hollow beam, and discuss the probability (population) evolutions of dressed-atomic eigenstates in three levels in the hollow beam.     

用行波解法研究非线性偏振旋转控制光孤子系统

采用行波解法求解了将非线性偏振旋转控制机构作为强度滤波元件接入滤波控制光纤孤子系统的非线性薛定谔(NLS)方程,得到了近似形式的解析解,并得到了孤子振幅、中心位置、相位的演化方程,在此基础上研究了孤子系统的稳定性问题和孤子系统中由于滤波器带来的非孤子成份等问题.     

Radiation forces on a three-level atom in the high-order Bessel beams

The general expressions of the average dissipative and dipole forces acting on a A-configuration three-level atom in an arbitrary light field are derived by means of the optical Bloch equations based on the atomic density matrix elements, and the general properties of the average dissipative and dipole forces on a three-level atom in the linearly-polarized high-order Bessel beams （HBBs） are analysed. We find a resonant property （with two resonant peaks） of the dissipative force and a non-resonant property （with two pairs of non-resonant peaks） of the dipole force on the three-level atom, which are completely different from those on the two-level atom. Meanwhile we find a saturation effect of the average dissipative force in the HBB, which comes from the saturation of the upper-level population. Our study shows that the general expressions of the average dissipative and dipole forces on the three-level atom will be simplified to those of the two-level atom under the approximation of large detuning. Finally, we study the axial and azimuthal Doppler cooling of atoms in ID optical molasses composed of two counter-propagating HBBs and discuss the azimuthal influence of the HBB on the Doppler cooling limit. We also find that the Doppler limit of atoms in the molasses HBB is slightly below the conventional Doppler limit of hГ/（2kB） due to the orbital angular momentum lh of the HBB.     

Near-field properties of diffraction through a circular subwavelength-size aperture

Analytical nonparaxial vectorial electric field expressions for both Gaussian beams and plane waves diffracted through a circular aperture are derived by using the vector plane angular spectrum method for the first time,which is suitable for the subwavelength aperture and the near-field region.The transverse properties of intensity distributions and their evolutions with the propagating distance,and the power transmission functions for diffracted fields containing the whole field,the evanescent field and the propagating field are investigated in detail,which is helpful for understanding the relationship between evanescent and propagating components in the near-field region and can be applied to apertured near-field scanning optical microscopy.     

亚波长金属波导的光传播和干涉特性研究

利用时域有限差分方法研究了亚波长金属波导TE波的传播特性和基于异常透射现象的干涉特性.对各种参量对驻波特性的影响及两列波导间的耦合特性进行了分析.研究发现,TE波在波导中传播时存在截止宽度,如果波导宽度小于截止宽度,TE波在波导中不能传播;如果波导宽度大于截止宽度,TE波的传播距离将随波导宽度变大而突然增加.当波导宽度达到或大于半波长时,TE波可以在波导中正常传播.金属波导的截止宽度与金属的吸收系数成正比.此外,由于光在亚波长金属波导透射时的异常透射现象,在亚波长金属波导中产生了TE波的干涉现象,能形成驻波.     

Nanoscale guiding for cold atoms based on surface plasmons along the tips of metallic wedges

We propose a novel scheme to guide neutral cold atoms in a nanoscale region based on surface plasmons (SPs) of one pair and two pairs of tips of metallic wedges with locally enhanced light intensity and sub-optical wavelength resolution. We analyze the near-field intensity distribution of the tip of the metallic wedge by the FDTD method, and study the total intensity as well as the total potential of optical potentials and van der Waals potentials for 87 Rb atoms in the light field of one pair and two pairs of tips of metallic wedges. It shows that the total potentials of one pair and two pairs of tips of metallic wedges can generate a gravito-optical trap and a dark closed trap for nanoscale guiding of neutral cold atoms. Guided atoms can be cooled with efficient intensity-gradient Sisyphus cooling by blue-detuned light field. This provides an important step towards the generation of hybrid systems consisting of isolated atoms and solid devices.     

原子光学讲座 第三讲 非线性原子光学

随着玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚（BEC）的实现及其非线性效应研究的快速发展，原子光学的一门新兴分支学科——“非线性原子光学”已初步形成，并取得了一系列重大的实验进展．文章重点介绍了非线性原子光学的研究内容、实验结果及其最新进展，主要包括原子孤子、原子物质波中的四波混频、光速减慢与负群速现象、超流及涡流（vortex）、Josephson效应和物质波的相位相干放大等．