离线全二维逆流色谱-液相色谱分离莪术油成分

中药挥发油成分复杂,一维色谱分离由于有限的峰容量难以完全分离中药挥发油成分,全二维气相色谱为分离挥发油成分提供了有力的方法,然而气相色谱一般无法用于天然活性成分的筛选。为建立挥发油成分全二维色谱分析新方法,研究建立以液相色谱为基础的全二维色谱分离分析方法。本文主要研究全二维逆流色谱-液相色谱分离莪术油成分的方法,并探讨两种色谱技术之间的正交性,为活性成分筛选提供新的技术支持。通过优化离线全二维逆流色谱-液相色谱分离方法,对全二维色谱峰容量、正交性和空间覆盖率进行度量。优化液相色谱分析条件并筛选逆流色谱分离两相溶剂体系,通过比色法筛选了逆流色谱两相溶剂体系并采用下相为流动相进行梯度洗脱。在290～375 min采用推挤洗脱,莪术油在第一维逆流色谱分离中达到了良好的分离。第二维反相高效液相色谱的流动相组成为乙腈(A)和水(B)。梯度洗脱程序为0～10 min, 50%A～65%A; 10～14 min, 65%A; 14～21 min, 65%A～85%A; 21～25 min, 85%A～95%A; 25～30 min, 95%A～55%A; 30～40 min, 55%A。在上述条件下...     

3种色谱模式联用在中药活性成分初步筛选中的应用

提出了反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)、固定化脂质体色谱(ILC)以及固定化载体蛋白色谱(ICPC)3种色谱模式联用筛选中药中活性成分的新思路，并用于传统中药川芎中的生物活性成分的初步筛选。从川芎的甲醇提取液中筛选出几种既有细胞膜的穿透能力又有与载体蛋白的结合能力的成分，并对其中两种主要的组分进行了初步的结构鉴定。     

基于高压制备液相的多维色谱技术在中药分离纯化中的应用

中药物质基础复杂,对其活性成分的分离一直是中药研究的难题.基于高压制备液相的多维色谱系统在高压制备液相色谱的基础上,结合了多种分离技术,极大地提高了色谱系统的分离性能和分离效率,更有利于对物质基础复杂的中药样品进行分离纯化.本文介绍了基于高压制备液相系统的多维色谱系统的基本原理、分离模式以及关键技术,并综述了其在中药分离纯化中的应用.     

梯度加压毛细管电色谱同时分离大黄提取液中5种蒽醌类化合物

建立了同时分离药用大黄提取液中大黄酸、芦荟大黄素、大黄素、大黄酚和大黄素甲醚5种蒽醌类活性成分的梯度加压毛细管电色谱的新方法.实验结果显示,大黄提取液中的5种蒽醌化合物可在22min内完全分离,梯度洗脱微柱液相色谱的柱效为等度洗脱微柱液相色谱的6.63倍,梯度毛细管电色谱的柱效为梯度微柱液相色谱的4.6倍.     

淫羊藿根与叶活性成分的分析和比较

采用细胞膜色谱法（ＣＭＣ）筛选，并结合离体药理实验确定主要活性成分，利用高效液相色谱法分析比较了淫羊藿根与叶中的活性成分及其差异性．色谱条件为Ｋｒｏｍａｓｉｌ ＯＤＳ 柱（１５０ ｍｍ× ４．６ ｍｍ．Ｉ．Ｄ ）流动相甲醇－水（７０：３０，Ｖ：Ｖ）；检测波长２７０ｎｍ。筛选发现淫羊藿根中的两个有效成分ＹＹＨ－２１４和ＹＹＨ－２１６对血管有较强的舒张作用，表明活性成分在ＣＭＣ模型体系中的保留特性与药理作用之间存在良好的相关性。在此色谱条件下淫羊藿叶未检测到这两种活性成分．     

成骨细胞膜色谱/超高效液相色谱-飞行时间质谱法快速筛选六味地黄汤抗骨质疏松活性成分

采用成骨细胞建立了细胞膜色谱/超高效液相色谱-飞行时间质谱（CMC/UPLC-TOF/MS）的分析方法。该法可快速筛选中药方剂六味地黄汤中潜在的抗骨质疏松活性成分，通过细胞试验和斑马鱼骨质疏松模型试验验证了筛选结果梓醇的体内外药效作用。以六味地黄汤水提物（90 g/L）为样品，通过CMC/UPLC-TOF/MS分析，快速鉴别细胞膜色谱柱保留成分群，高选择性获取六味地黄汤中16种潜在活性成分。该文以前沿色谱法分析梓醇、丹皮酚、齐墩果酸与细胞膜色谱固定相的亲和强度，选择亲和强度和含量较高的梓醇进行体内外药效验证，发现梓醇在对小鼠成骨细胞有显著促生长作用，能提高骨质疏松斑马鱼头部骨矿化面积。CMC/UPLC-TOF/MS筛选方法能在复杂中药方剂中快速得到抗骨质疏松活性成分，具有操作简便、快速、高效灵敏的优势。     

均匀设计在蚕蛹虫草和冬虫夏草活性成分分析中的应用

采用均匀实验设计方法快速找到蚕蛹虫草活性成分的高效液相色谱最优分离条件;将该优化条件用于蚕蛹虫草和冬虫夏草的水溶性成分的分离取得满意结果,并对部分组分进行了定性定量分析;均匀实验设计方法可较快找到复杂未知或半未知体系的色谱分离条件。     

在线二维液相色谱技术在中药研究中的应用进展

中药的组成复杂,其化学成分的表征和识别一直是中药研究的基础和关键。在线二维液相色谱是基于两种分离模式构建的色谱分析技术,主要包括中心切割二维液相色谱和全二维液相色谱两种模式,因二者具有更高的峰容量而在中药研究中备受青睐。该文对在线二维液相色谱技术的概念和特点进行了讨论,并对二维液相色谱在中药研究中的应用进行了综述,以期为该技术在中药质量控制、物质基础表征、活性成分筛选等研究方面提供一定参考。     

过敏物的高效液相排阻色谱测定

采用高效液相排阻色谱对几种过敏物质，树木花粉、寄生虫和猫狗毛萃取物进行分析，测定主要成分的分子量。结果表明，高效液相排阻色谱适合过敏物质的成分分离和分子量测定。     

直观推导式演进特征投影法测定中药丹参中3种丹参酮含量

利用化学计量学方法直观推导式演进特征投影法和高效液相色谱(二级管阵列检测器)产生的二维数据,解析丹参药材中重叠色谱峰,并对其中的活性成分-丹参酮ⅡA、隐丹参酮和丹参酮Ⅰ进行测定。该方法能够快速测定复杂体系中药内的活性成分,显著提高分析效率。     

高效液相色谱法测定茶叶中的茶氨酸

建立了未衍生化高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定茶叶中茶氨酸含量的方法。采用的色谱条件为:C 18 色谱柱,以0.05%(体积分数)三氟乙酸水溶液为流动相,流速1 mL/min ,进样量10 μL,检测波长203 nm。茶氨酸质量浓度在0.02～1 g/L 内,其浓度与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,最低检出限为1.75 ng(S/N=3),回收率为97.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.7%。同时以高效液相色谱-电喷雾离子化质谱对所分离的茶氨酸进行了纯度鉴定。方法具有精确、灵敏、流动相组成简单等特点。     

A new high-performance liquid chromatographic/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric method for the simultaneous determination of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil as markers of surface contamination for occupational exposure monitoring

A new high-performance liquid chromatographic/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric (HPLC/ESI-MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous quantification of 5-fluorouracil (5FU), methotrexate (MTX) and cyclophosphamide (CP) in environmental samples. These compounds, commonly used in the treatment of cancer, are recognized as genotoxic. In order to estimate the occupational exposure of hospital personnel handling these drugs, wipe samples were taken from the working surfaces and directly analyzed (with trophosphamide as internal standard) using a reversed-phase capillary column and MS/MS detection. This is the first HPLC/MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of 5FU, MTX and CP. The present method offers high sensitivity, with detection limits of 1.1 microg l(-1) for MTX and CP and 33.3 microg l(-1) for 5FU, avoiding any sample preconcentration procedure. Rapidity, specificity, high accuracy (mean values between 92.4 and 99.9%) and precision (mean RSD values between 3.4 and 12.1%) make the method suitable for the routine determination of these three antineoplastic drugs.     

Determination of paraquat and diquat in human body fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

Paraquat (PQ) and diquat (DQ) in human whole blood and urine were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS) with positive ion electrospray ionization (ESI). The compounds were extracted with Sep-Pak C18 cartridges from whole blood and urine samples containing ethyl paraquat as an internal standard. The separation of PQ and DQ was carried out using ion-pair chromatography with heptafluorobutyric acid in 20 mM ammonium acetate and acetonitrile gradient elution for successful coupling with MS. Both compounds formed base peaks due to [M-H]+ ions by HPLC/ESI-MS and the product ions produced from each [M-H]+ ion by HPLC/MS/MS. Selective reaction monitoring (SRM) showed much higher sensitivity for both body fluids. Therefore, a detailed procedure for the detection of compounds by SRM with HPLC/MS/MS was established and carefully validated. The recoveries of PQ and DQ were 80.8-95.4% for whole blood and 84.2-96.7% for urine. The calibration curves for PQ and DQ showed excellent linearity in the range of 25-400 ng ml(-1) of whole blood and urine. The detection limits were 10 ng ml(-1) for PQ and 5 ng ml(-1) for DQ in both body fluids. The intra- and inter-day precision for both compounds in whole blood and urine samples were not greater than 13.0%. The data obtained from the determination of PQ and DQ in rat blood after oral administration of the compounds are also presented.     

马钱子与甘草配伍前后生物碱成分的变化规律

采用电喷雾质谱技术和高效液相色谱法分别对马钱子配伍甘草前后主要生物碱的变化规律进行了系统研究。实验结果表明,马钱子配伍甘草后其主要生物碱士的宁和马钱子碱的含量均有不同程度的降低,其中士的宁的含量下降显著。电喷雾质谱的实验结果与高效液相色谱的结果相吻合,为进一步阐明甘草解马钱子类药物毒性和马钱子合理配伍用药提供了科学的实验依据。     

Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: a novel challenge in multiresidue pesticide analysis in food

Potential of ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) separation strategy coupled with tandem (in space) mass spectrometric detection (MS/MS) in multiresidue pesticide analysis was critically assessed. Performance parameters such as number of theoretical plates, height of theoretical plate, peak symmetry and peak capacity were measured/calculated on the basis of data generated by analysis of apple extracts containing 17 (semi)polar pesticides representing various classes of active ingredients of widely used crop protective preparations. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) procedure provided improved chromatographic parameters resulting in significantly increased sample throughput including lower solvent consumption and lower limits of quantitation (LOQs) for most of target analytes compared to common method employing conventional high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation.     

高效液相色谱-电喷雾质谱联用分析PPMP衍生化的壳寡糖

以1-(4-异丙基)苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮(PPMP)为衍生化试剂在氨水介质中对壳寡糖链进行衍生化,衍生化产物用RP-HPLC分离和ESI-MS分析。结果表明在确定的衍生化条件下,PPMP和壳寡糖的衍生化产物主要为单分子衍生物,此单分子PPMP衍生物在ESI-MS的正负离子模式下均有较好的响应,并且在RP-HPLC柱上能够实现很好的分离。据此建立了PPMP柱前衍生HPLC/ESI-MS在线联用检测壳寡糖混合物组成的方法。该法可作为壳寡糖样品在质量控制、构效关系研究等方面的方法参考。     

高效液相色谱-质谱联用法分析3-氨基-9-乙基咔唑柱前衍生化壳寡糖

以3-氨基-9-乙基咔唑(3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole, AEC)为衍生化试剂对壳寡糖进行柱前衍生,壳寡糖(COS)的还原端与AEC的伯氨基反应生成烯胺,再被硼氢氰化钠(NaBH3CN)还原为二级胺。采用反相C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm),乙腈和乙酸铵水溶液为流动相(pH 4.5),梯度洗脱,在254 nm波长处检测,建立了一套壳寡糖衍生物的高效液相色谱(HPLC)分离分析、电喷雾质谱(ESI-MS)及液相色谱-电喷雾质谱联用(LC-ESI-MS)的分析方法。该方法操作简单、灵敏度高、重复性好,在COS的组分分析、质量控制及构效关系研究方面有潜在的应用价值。     

Identification of C-21 steroidal glycosides from the roots of Cynanchum chekiangense by high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-MS/MS) was used to identify C-21 steroidal glycosides with immunological activities in roots of Cynanchum chekiangense. In the MS/MS spectra, fragmentation reactions of the [M + Na]⁺ were recorded to provide structural information about the glycosyl and aglycone moieties. To further confirm the fragments structures, off-line Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance tandem mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS/MS) was also performed. In the study, four known steroidal glycosides cynascyroside C, chekiangensosides A and B, glaucoside H, and four novel steroidal glycosides chekiangensosides C, D, E and chekiangensoside A isomer were identified based on mass spectral data, NMR spectral data and standards. This is the first report on identifying steroidal glycosides in roots of C. chekiangense by HPLC/ESI-MS/MS directly, which could save time and material consuming efforts in traditional phytochemistry analysis.     

Study of the reaction products of flavonols with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl using liquid chromatography coupled with negative electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

The products obtained after the reaction between flavonols and the stable free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH(*)) in both methanol and acetonitrile were characterized using liquid chromatography coupled with negative electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) and NMR spectroscopy. The flavonols studied were quercetin, kaempferol and myricetin. In methanol, two reaction products of oxidized quercetin were identified using LC/ESI-MS/MS and NMR. Quercetin was oxidized through a transfer of two H-atoms to DPPH(*) and subsequently incorporated either two CH(3)OH molecules or one CH(3)OH- and one H(2)O molecule giving the products 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-2,3-dimethoxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one and 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,3,5,7-tetrahydroxy-2-methoxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one, respectively. LC/ESI-MS/MS analysis revealed that in methanol, kaempferol and myricetin also gave rise to methoxylated oxidation products similar to that identified for quercetin. Kaempferol, in addition, also exhibited products where a kaempferol radical, obtained by a transfer of one H-atom to DPPH(*), reacted with CH(3)OH through the addition of CH(3)O(*), yielding two isomeric products. When the reaction took place in acetonitrile, LC/ESI-MS/MS analysis showed that both quercetin and myricetin formed stable isomeric quinone products obtained by a transfer of two H-atoms to DPPH(*). In contrast, kaempferol formed two isomeric products where a kaempferol radical reacted with H(2)O through the addition of OH(*), i.e. similar to the reaction of kaempferol radicals with CH(3)OH.     

Quantitative analysis of the novel depsipeptide anticancer drug Kahalalide F in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography under basic conditions coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

Kahalalide F (KF) is a novel cyclic depsipeptide anticancer drug, which has shown anticancer activity both in vitro and in vivo especially against human prostate cancer cell lines. To characterize the pharmacokinetics of KF during a phase I clinical trial in patients with androgen refractory prostate cancer, a method was developed and validated for the quantitative analysis of KF in human plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to positive electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). Microbore reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC) performed with mobile phases containing trifluoroacetic acid, an additive commonly used for separating peptides, resulted in substantial suppression of the signal for KF on ESI-MS/MS. An alternative approach employing a basic mobile phase provided an excellent response for KF when detected in the positive ion mode. Plasma samples were prepared for LC MS/MS by solid-phase extraction on C(18) cartridges. The LC separation was performed on a Zorbax Extend C(18) column (150 x 2.1 mm i.d., particle size 5 micro m) with acetonitrile -10 mM aqueous ammonia (85 : 15, v/v) as the mobile phase, at a flow-rate of 0.20 ml min(-1). A butyric acid analogue of KF was used as the internal standard. The lower limit of quantitation (LLQ) using a 500 micro l sample volume was 1 ng ml(-1) and the linear dynamic range extended to 1000 ng ml(-1). The inter-assay accuracy of the assay was -15.1% at the LLQ and between -2.68 and -9.05% for quality control solutions ranging in concentration from 2.24 to 715 ng ml(-1). The inter-assay precision was 9.91% or better at these concentrations. The analyte was stable in plasma under all relevant conditions evaluated and for a period of 16 h after reconstituting plasma extracts for LC analysis at ambient temperature.