多孔枝晶镍铜合金的制备及其电催化析氢、肼氧化性能

以镍网(NM)为基体,采用氢气泡模板法合成了独立分相金属Ni、Cu为主晶相、具有四级复合微纳结构的镍铜合金电催化剂(NiCu/NM)。在电催化析氢(HER)及肼氧化(HzOR)反应中,NiCu/NM表现出优良的催化活性,在1.0 mol·L^-1KOH(含0.5 mol·L^-1N2H4·H2O)溶液中,电流密度为10 mA·cm^-2时,其需要的HER及HzOR过电势分别为104和41 mV;在双电极体系中,电流密度为100 mA·cm^-2时,NiCu/NM的分解槽压仅为0.536 V,远低于全水分解过程所需的1.921 V,大大提高了电池的产氢效率。无论三电极体系还是双电极体系,NiCu/NM均表现出优异的催化活性及稳定性。分析认为,镍铜合金薄膜的多级复合结构使其展现出增大了近14倍的电化学活性面积(ECSA),为电催化反应提供了大量催化活性位点,也为电极表面的电荷传输、物质传递提供了充足的通道;Cu的掺入提高了材料的本征HER活性,两者协同促进了电催化活性的提升,其中NiCu/NM的结构优势对其优良的催化性能起主导作用。     

Ni-Co-LaNi5复合电极材料在碱性介质中的电催化析氢性能

电催化析氢反应是电能向化学能转化的一个有效途径,是电化学科学中一个非常值得深入研究的课题。阴极析氢超电势的降低,是提高析氢活性,降低电解能耗的关键。为了提高电极的电催化活性,一是可通过提高电极表面的真实表面积,来降低电解过程中电极表面的真实电流密度,达到降低析氢超电势的目的;另一发展方向是提高电极材料本身的电化学活性,即寻找高催化活性的新型析氢材料犤1犦。由于过渡金属具有特殊的d电于结构,是目前公认的电化学活性最好的电极材料,而在过渡金属中,Ni及Ni合金将是研究的主要方向,其中多元合金复合材料将成为该技术发展…     

表面硫化和磷化提升钼酸镍的析氢性能

首先通过水热过程在泡沫镍（NF）上生长出钼酸镍纳米棒阵列（NMO/NF）,再依次利用水热硫化和气相磷化法改性钼酸镍纳米棒阵列获得三维自支撑析氢电催化剂（PS-NMO/NF）。研究表明,硫化作用诱导钼酸镍纳米棒阵列向类珊瑚球结构转变并形成具有高电化学活性表面积的无定形硫化物壳层,显著提高钼酸镍析氢反应（HER）活性。进一步磷化处理,表面形成的无定形磷酸盐与硫化物形成丰富的异质界面,促进了电子转移,进一步提升了电极的HER性能。在1 mol·L^-1 KOH电解液中,电流密度为10 mA·cm^-2时,PS-NMO/NF所对应的析氢过电势为93 mV; 100 mA·cm^-2的电流密度所对应的析氢过电势仅为180mV,Tafel斜率为67 mV·dec^-1,而且在20 h内可稳定运行,无明显衰减。     

经热扩散处理的注镍钛电极的析氢反应研究

将高能离子注入电极表面可引入催化活性元素,进而能形成大量的活性中心,提高催化活性,作者将镍离子注入钛电极,结果使析氢过电位降低245 mV,比未注镍的钛电极的活性高得多。实验表明,电极的催化活性随表面镍浓度的增加而提高,由于注入离子浓度的     

"三明治夹心"型Ni-P@Ni-B/Ni电极的制备及高效全pH下的催化制氢性能

通过化学镀法制备了具有“三明治夹心”结构的Ni-P@Ni-B/Ni催化电极. 该催化材料为直径1 μm左右的微球. 电化学性能测试结果表明, 在电流密度为10 mA/cm ²时, 其在0.5 mol/L PBS缓冲液(pH=7)中的过电位仅为287 mV, 在此电位下连续工作24 h后, 电流密度仅衰减了7.6%. 同时Ni-P@Ni-B/Ni在酸性(0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄)和碱性(1 mol/L KOH)条件下也具有优异的析氢反应催化活性, 达到相同电流密度时过电位分别为199和79 mV. 该工作为全pH环境下高效电解水制氢提供了新思路.     

多孔Ni、Ni-Mo合金及其氧化物的制备与析氢性能

采用快速凝固结合脱合金化的方法制备了纳米多孔Ni、Ni-Mo合金及其氧化物电极材料,通过XRD、SEM、TEM、BET等对电极的物相、形貌结构、孔径分布进行表征,通过线性扫描伏安法、Tafel斜率和计时电位等方法测试多孔电极的电催化析氢性能。结果显示,制备的电极材料在10 mA·cm-2电流密度下Ni-Mo合金析氢活性最强,析氢过程由Volmer-Heyrovsky步骤控制,其表观交换电流密度为0.25 mA·cm-2,经10 000 s恒电流密度(100 mA·cm-2)电解后析氢过电位(η)仅增加39 mV,表现出优良的析氢稳定性。Ni-Mo合金电极比表面积的提高和本征催化活性的改善使其获得了更低的析氢过电位。     

Ni-Fe/Ti和Ni-Fe-S/Ti的制备及其电催化水分解性能

以钛网为基底,采用电沉积法制备了Ni-Fe/Ti析氧电极,然后将得到的Ni-Fe/Ti电极通过固相硫化制备了Ni-Fe-S/Ti析氢电极. 分别考察了电沉积液中Ni ²⁺/Fe ³⁺离子摩尔浓度比和硫脲加入量对Ni-Fe/Ti和Ni-Fe-S/Ti结构和电化学性能的影响. 结果表明,随着电沉积液中Ni ²⁺含量的增加,Ni-Fe/Ti电极析氧性能先增强后减弱,Ni9Fe1/Ti电极具有最好的析氧性能;随着硫脲加入量的增加,Ni-Fe-S/Ti电极析氢性能呈现先增强后减弱的趋势,Ni9Fe1S0.25/Ti电极具有最好的析氢性能. 在50 mA·cm ^-2下,Ni9Fe1/Ti电极的析氧过电位为280 mV,Ni9Fe1S0.25/Ti电极的析氢过电位为269 mV,且均具有很好的稳定性. 将Ni9Fe1/Ti与Ni9Fe1S0.25/Ti分别作为阳极和阴极进行电催化全水分解,电流密度达到50 mA·cm ^-2所需电势仅1.69 V,表现出很好的全水解催化性能.     

含稀土的镍基合金的析氢电催化行为

用电沉积方法制备的Ni-Ce-P和Ni-La-P合金作阴极测得析氢阴极极化曲线,结果表明,合金电极上析氢速率比Ni电极上约大10倍,析氢电热政移＞200mV,显示出含稀土的镍基合金具有较高的析氢催化活性,根据XPS谱图讨论了析氢的电催化机制。     

双金属NiCu/MgO催化剂上葡萄糖氢解制备高附加值C2-C4化学品（英文）

采用共沉淀法制备了不同Ni/Cu比的NiCu/MgO双金属催化剂,并通过N_2物理吸附、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和程序升温还原等方法对NiCu/MgO催化剂结构进行表征.表征结果表明,Cu和Ni之间存在协同相互作用,NiMgO_2的存在抑制了镍物种的还原和Cu-Ni合金的形成,催化剂的Ni/Cu比和焙烧温度对其表面金属组成有非常重要的影响.以葡萄糖氢解反应为探针反应,考察了Ni/Cu比、焙烧温度、H_2压力、反应温度、反应时间等因素对NiCu/MgO催化性能的影响.研究表明相对于单金属催化剂,双金属催化剂对葡萄糖氢解生成C2-C4和1,2-PD具有较高的催化活性,这与铜镍之间的协同作用有关.     

尖晶石型过渡金属硫化物CuCo2S4与MoS2复合材料的制备及电催化析氢性能

通过简单的三步水热法实现尖晶石型过渡金属硫化物CuCo₂S₄与MoS₂的复合, 以三维多孔泡沫镍(NF)为基底, 制得自支撑催化电极MoS₂@CuCo₂S₄-Ni₃S₂/NF. 高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、 X射线衍射(XRD)、 X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及透射电子显微镜(TEM)表征结果表明, MoS₂纳米片层密集均匀地生长在CuCo₂S₄-Ni₃S₂纳米棒表面, 并形成多级核壳结构. 其碱性条件下(1 mol/L KOH)的电催化析氢性能研究结果表明, MoS₂与CuCo₂S₄的复合和特殊形貌的构筑有效提高了电化学活性面积和电子传导效率, 达到10, 100和300 mA/cm²电流密度分别仅需116, 231和282 mV的过电位, 经2000次循环伏安扫描后, 100 mA/cm²电流密度所对应的过电位仅增大6%, 展现出优异的电催化析氢催化活性及较好的稳定性.     

Electrochemical deposition and characterization of NiCu coatings as cathode materials for hydrogen evolution reaction

In this study, NiCu composite coatings were electrochemically deposited on a copper electrode (Cu/NiCu) and characterized by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) techniques in view of their possible applications as electrocatalytic materials for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The HER activity of the prepared electrodes were studied in 1 M KOH solution by cathodic current–potential curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. It was found that, the NiCu coating has a porous structure and good electrocatalytic activity for the HER in alkaline medium. The HER activity of the Cu/NiCu electrode was higher than uncoated (Cu) and Ni coated (Cu/Ni) copper electrodes. Its catalytic activity was related to the porosity as well as synergistic interaction of Ni and Cu.     

Integrated Ni_2P nanosheet arrays on three-dimensional Ni foam for highly efficient water reduction and oxidation

The large-scale synthesis of efficient nonprecious bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting is a great challenge for future renewable energy conversion systems. Herein, Ni_2P nanosheet arrays directly grown on three-dimensional(3 D) Ni foam(Ni P/NF) are fabricated by hydrothermal treatment of metallic Ni foam with H_2O_2 solution and subsequent phosphidation with NaH_2PO_2. The Ni P/NF as electrocatalyst exhibits superior activities for both hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) and oxygen evolution reaction(OER). Most importantly, employing both as the cathode and anode for an alkaline water electrolyzer, Ni P/NF only requires a cell voltage of 1.63 V to reach a current density of 10 mV cm~(-2), together with stronger durability. Preliminary catalytic information suggests that the tailored 3 D superstructure and integrated electrode configurations afford improved active sties and enhanced electron/mass transfer,responding for the outstanding activity and stability.     

Ni–Mo alloy nanostructures as cathodic materials for hydrogen evolution reaction during seawater electrolysis

In the case of hydrogen production involving seawater electrolysis, one of the main targets is to develop more active cathodic materials, to optimize the efficiency of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and, by doing so, enhance the overall energy efficiency of electrolysis. Thus, to develop suitable HER electrocatalysts either an increase of the electrode active surface area or a design of a material having high intrinsic catalytic activity should be taken into consideration, both of them decreasing the HER overpotential. In the present work, various Ni–Mo alloy nanostructures (10–40 wt% Mo) have been prepared involving electrochemical deposition from aqueous and deep eutectic solvent (DES)-based electrolytes as potential cathodic materials suitable for hydrogen evolution reaction during water electrolysis. The electrocatalytic activity of the obtained layers has been investigated using real seawater electrolyte. The determined Tafel slopes suggested that the electrodeposited Ni–Mo alloy coatings follow an HER mechanism controlled by the Volmer reaction step. The EIS results indicated that the use of choline chloride-based ionic liquids as electrolytes facilitated Ni–Mo alloy coatings showing a significant increase in surface roughness. Studies of the intrinsic activity showed that the main contribution towards the apparent activity comes from the increase of the real surface area, although a slight increase of the intrinsic electrocatalytic activity in the case of Ni–Mo alloy coatings electrodeposited on Ni foam was also noticed. These results showed that Ni–Mo alloy coatings electrodeposited from the novel electrolytes based on choline chloride–urea–citric acid ternary mixtures associated with a porous substrate may represent a promising technological approach to build cathodic materials suitable for seawater electrolysis.     

Pt-WO3纳米片的合成及其电催化析氢性能研究

作者通过一个简便的方法在泡沫镍表面修饰了Pt-WO₃纳米片. 作为连续导电网络, 泡沫镍基地可提高WO₃电极的性能. 表面修饰的铂纳米颗粒不仅可以提高表面电导率, 也可提高其催化位点密度. 测试结果表明Pt-WO₃修饰的泡沫镍显示出比未进行铂修饰催化剂更高的性能,其Tafel斜率为80 mV·dec^-1, 电流密度为10 mA·cm^-2时过电位仅为72 mV. 另外, Pt-WO₃修饰的泡沫镍催化剂经45小时连续测试展现出优异的稳定性和长寿命. 本文研究提供了一种提高过渡金属氧化物作为析氢催化剂性能的潜在方法, 为其实际应用奠定基础.     

Amorphous porous sulfides nanosheets with hydrophilic/aerophobic surface for high-current-density water splitting

The rational construction of electrocatalysts with desired features is significant but challenging for superior water splitting at high current density. Herein, amorphous CoNiS nanosheets are synthesized on nickel foam (NF) through a facile structure evolution strategy and present advanced performance at high current densities in water splitting. The high catalytic activity can be attributed to the sufficient active sites exposed by the flexible amorphous configuration. Moreover, the hydrophilicity and aerophobicity of a-CoNiS/NF promote surface wettability of the self-supporting electrode and avoid the aggregation of bubbles, which expedites the diffusion of electrolyte and facilitates the mass transfer. As a result, the optimized electrode demonstrates low overpotentials of 289 and 434 mV at 500 mA/cm² under alkaline conditions for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), respectively. Impressively, an electrolytic water splitting cell assembled by bifunctional a-CoNiS/NF operates with a low cell voltage of 1.46 V@10 mA/cm² and reaches 1.79 V at 500 mA/cm². The strategy sheds light on a competitive platform for the reasonable design of non-precious-metal electrocatalysts under high current density.     

Electrochemical performance of grown layer of Ni(OH)2 on nickel foam and treatment with phosphide and selenide for efficient water splitting

Active nanocomposites synthesized by the electrochemical approach play a vital role in energy generation, conversion, and storage technologies. Recently, scientists began to explore the use of earth-rich transition metal-based materials to replace precious metal-based catalysts. Transition metals (TMs) based nickel (Ni) and their pnictides compounds such as phosphides and selenides exhibit good activity for hydrogen evaluation reaction (HER) and the entire water electrolysis process. In this study, we first prepared Ni(OH)₂ and grown its layer on Ni foam (NF) and treated it with selenide (Se) and phosphide (P) then nickel-based selenide-phosphide catalyst (Ni–P–Se) was prepared by simultaneous selenization and phosphidation process for the first time. The as-obtained composite was then analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), elemental mapping and transmission electron microscope (TEM) means to study the composition, structure, and micro-morphology of materials. Furthermore, we also observed electrocatalytic water splitting activity using electrochemical cell. The results of electrochemical tests depicted that the selenization and phosphidation treatments significantly enhanced the electrocatalytic HER activity of the starting materials. The overpotentials required for Ni–P–Se to reach 10 ?mA ?cm^?2 and 100 ?mA ?cm^?2 were only 242 ?mV and 282 ?mV. The Tafel slope of Ni–P–Se is 151 ?mV dec^?1, which is lower than that of nickel phosphide, selenide, and hydroxide indicating that selenide-phosphide enhances the HER reaction kinetics of the material, which in turn increases hydrogen output rate as compared with previous studies.