Wavelength and beam launching effects on silica optical fiber in local area networks

In this paper, we report the modal dispersion of silica graded-index optical fibers as a function of the input mode parameters and lunching conditions in local area network (LAN) context. In that, we examine the mode-depending parameters, namely, modal delay, modal attenuation and mode-coupling effects as a function of wavelength. We show that the number of excited mode groups depends strongly on the spot beam radius when the fiber is excited with an axial Gaussian beam where we find an optimal axial diameter exciting only two mode groups. We present a comparison of the number of excited mode groups, the optimal spot radius beam, the signal penalty and the 3-dB baseband bandwidth enhancement for the optimal axial launching compared with full mode excitation, offset launching and mode-field matched axial launching.     

Spectral shaping to improve the point spread function in optical coherence tomography

We demonstrate inhibition of the sidelobes of the axial point spread function in optical coherence tomography by shaping the power spectrum of the light source with a remaining power of 4.54 mW. A broadband amplified spontaneous emission source radiating at 1565 +/- 40 nm is employed in a free-space optical coherence tomography system. The axial point spread functions before and after optical spectral shaping are presented. Results show that spectral shaping of the source can inhibit sidelobes of the point spread function up to 12.9 dB, with an associated small increase of 2.2 dB in noise floor in the far field. The effect of spectral shaping on axial resolution is demonstrated according to three metrics. Image quality improvement is also illustrated with optical coherence tomography images of an onion before and after spectral shaping.     

带有像散的非旋转对称高分辨电子显微镜的部分相干传递函数

在旋转对称高分辨电子显微系统部分相干传递函数理论的基础上进一步分析和计算了带有像散的非旋转对称系统的部分相干传递函数,并与带有像散的非旋转对称系统的相干传递函数以及旋转对称系统的部分相干传递函数作了比较.     

谱域光学相干层析系统中基于解卷积方法的像质优化

谱域光学相干层析（spectral domain optical coherence tomography, 简记为SD-OCT）系统的轴向点扩散函数（point spread function, 简记为PSF）并不具备空不变特性,无法直接应用于解卷积运算.为实现SD-OCT系统成像质量基于解卷积算法的优化,本文采用数值校正后的轴向扫描信号和轴向有效PSF来实施基于Lucy-Richardson算法的解卷积运算,进而实现了SD-OCT系统中图像质量尤其是轴向分辨率的改善.本文理论分析了SD-OCT系统中导致轴向有效PSF随成像深度增大而下降和图像模糊的因素,阐述了利用解卷积算法实现图像质量优化的过程,基于建立的SD-OCT系统实施了不同成像深度位置处PSF的标定,并利用离散轴向位置处PSF的峰值拟合了轴向有效PSF的调制函数.利用调制函数对所有轴向扫描信号进行数值校正,然后根据轴向有效PSF进行解卷积算法.典型样品的解卷积图像重建结果表明,提出的解卷积方法能有效提高系统的轴向分辨率,同时有效抑制系统灵敏度随成像深度增大而下降的趋势. 关键词： 谱域光学相干层析 Lucy-Richardson解卷积 有效点扩散函数     

谱域光学相干层析系统中基于解卷积方法的像质优化

谱域光学相干层析（spectral domain optical coherence tomography, 简记为SD-OCT）系统的轴向点扩散函数（point spread function, 简记为PSF）并不具备空不变特性,无法直接应用于解卷积运算.为实现SD-OCT系统成像质量基于解卷积算法的优化,本文采用数值校正后的轴向扫描信号和轴向有效PSF来实施基于Lucy-Richardson算法的解卷积运算,进而实现了SD-OCT系统中图像质量尤其是轴向分辨率的改善.本文理论分析了SD-OCT系统中导致轴向有效PSF随成像深度增大而下降和图像模糊的因素,阐述了利用解卷积算法实现图像质量优化的过程,基于建立的SD-OCT系统实施了不同成像深度位置处PSF的标定,并利用离散轴向位置处PSF的峰值拟合了轴向有效PSF的调制函数.利用调制函数对所有轴向扫描信号进行数值校正,然后根据轴向有效PSF进行解卷积算法.典型样品的解卷积图像重建结果表明,提出的解卷积方法能有效提高系统的轴向分辨率,同时有效抑制系统灵敏度随成像深度增大而下降的趋势.     

Spectral Filtering in OCT System Implemented by Mechanically Induced Long-Period Fiber Grating

A spectral filtering method that can enhance the axial resolution and suppress sidelobes of the point spread function in Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) system is demonstrated. A mechanically induced long-period fiber grating (MLPG) is used to tailor the spectral shape of a homemade Er-doped fiber amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) source. By using a MLPG, the high and narrow characteristic peak, centered at 1533 nm, of the ASE source was fairly well removed, which enabled us to use a broader spectral bandwidth of the source. The experimental results show that the proposed spectral filtering method can suppress the sidelobes in the axial point spread function up to 5.4 dB and thus enhance the axial resolution of an OCT system by four times. The OCT images of an extracted human premolar taken with and without the spectral filtering are presented and compared with each other.     

Non-axial nature of an optical vortex and Wigner function

Before we use an optical vortex for any application, it is important to know if the vortex is axial or non-axial, since properties of one type of the vortex are quite different from another. We show that the Wigner distribution can provide a solution, being different for axial and non-axial vortex. We use transport properties of the Wigner function to study the propagation of an axial as well as non-axial vortex and find them different.     

APU故障智能诊断系统设计

针对高旋环境下测试困难、测量精度低这一问题,提出了一种能在高旋环境下实现轴向减速装置,以达到稳定的良好的测试环境。该装置通过驱动仓内大量程陀螺仪测得的转速反馈给控制系统,控制系统输出控制信号来控制伺服电机,同时电机捷联内筒仓,使其相对外部转动方向反向旋转,实现轴向减速。实验结果表明,该装置可在高旋弹药飞行过程中提供稳定测试环境,从而得到更精准的姿态解算结果,为高旋环境下的测试提供了新的思路,具有广阔的应用前景。     

Axial radiation force exerted by general non-diffracting beams

The axial radiation force exerted by a general non-diffracting beam on an object of arbitrary shape in lossless medium is analyzed. The object may be on or off the beam's axis. The analysis is based on the plane-wave representation of the beam using an azimuthal function and conical angle. The analytical expression relates the force to axial projections of the extracted and scattered momentum. Using an extended optical theorem, the extinction is related to the scattering at the forward direction of the beam's plane wave components. The axial force is expressed using the scattering amplitude and known angular functions.     

有轴向磁场的平面摆动器自由电子激光的自发辐射

研究了电子在有轴向磁场的平面摆动器中的辐射，得到了一个较普遍的自发辐射谱表达式，谱线的形状也是由函数ｓｉｎｃ（ｕ）决定，当电子的能量较高或者没摆动器轴线观察时，辐射是满圆极化的，数值分析表明，在平面摆动器中附加适当的轴向磁场，可以提高各次谐波辐射的强度，对于基波和较低次谐波，提高更明显。     

Tight focusing of radially polarized Gaussian and Bessel-Gauss beams

We examine the effects of tightly focusing a radially polarized beam with uniform, Gaussian, or Bessel-Gauss pupil functions. The resulting FWHM is smallest for the case of a uniform amplitude profile, while the Bessel-Gauss beam results in the largest FWHM. The uniform amplitude profile also results in an axial field component that increases fastest with increasing NA. The ratio of the axial component to the transverse component is also the greatest for the uniform pupil function. On the other hand, the Bessel-Gauss beam benefits the most from the use of an annulus.     

Vibrations of double-span uniform beams subject to an axial force

This study deals with the determination of natural frequencies of transverse vibrations of simply supported, clamped, and clamped-simply supported beams with an intermediate support subject to an axial force.Results are presented in graphical fashion as a function of the governing geometric and mechanical parameter.     

Three-dimensional optical transfer of rotating beams

Systems in which the point spread function (PSF) is a rotating beam have increasing use in three-dimensional (3D) microscopy and depth estimation. We analyze in several ways the 3D optical transfer function (OTF) of Gauss Laguerre modes and rotating beams. This is based on analysis of 3D OTFs of general aperture functions. Consequently, we suggest a criterion for depth resolution based on an effective cutoff of the axial frequency response. This criterion can be used to optimize PSFs explicitly and directly, to maximize axial resolution.     

Axial field shaping under high-numerical-aperture focusing

Kant reported [J. Mod. Optics 47, 905 (2000)] a formulation for solving the inverse problem of vector diffraction, which accurately models high-NA focusing. Here, Kant's formulation is adapted to the method of generalized projections to obtain an algorithm for designing diffractive optical elements (DOEs) that reshape the axial point-spread function (PSF). The algorithm is applied to design a binary phase-only DOE that superresolves the axial PSF with controlled increase in axial sidelobes. An 11-zone DOE is identified that axially narrows the PSF central lobe by 29% while maintaining the sidelobe intensity at or below 52% of the peak intensity. This DOE could improve the resolution achievable in several applications without significantly complicating the optical system.     

Investigations on spectroscopy by nonlinear Zeeman-resonances of a multimode laser

Intensity dips in the output power of a He/Ne-laser as a function of an axial magnetic field are used for Zeeman-spectroscopy.     

利用变迹术和相干门相结合实现光学相干层析成像术轴向超分辨

光学相十层析成像（光学相干层析成像术）的轴向分辨力由光源带宽和探测光束的聚焦条件共同决定。提高光学相干层析成像术轴向分辨力的方法主要基于带宽光源技术。提出了一种将变迹术与光学相十层析成像术相干门有机结合的方法来提高其轴向分辨力。通过适当形式的光瞳滤波器．使光学相干层析成像术系统轴向响应的主瓣宽度缩小到相干门之内,而其旁瓣则处于相干门之外．不对相干成像产生有效贡献。这样．就能在光源带宽不变的条件下,有效提高光学相十层析成像术的轴向分辨力,避免了采用宽带光源所带来的费用昂贵和系统复杂等缺陷。     

Resonanzerscheinungen in der Ausgangsleistung eines He-Ne-Lasers im axialen Magnetfeld

Zeitschrift für Physik A Hadrons and nuclei - The output power of a He-Ne-laser (λ=633 nm) has been measured as a function of the strength of an axial magnetic field. This function has...     

单轴旋转惯导系统轴向陀螺漂移预测方法

轴向陀螺漂移是影响单轴旋转惯导系统导航精度的主要因素。对于轴向陀螺漂移的预测,提出了一种基于支持向量机的算法。利用初始对准12 h内系统纬度误差和温度变化量作为训练数据,构造了以多项式、径向基、小波函数为核函数的支持向量机、最小二乘支持向量机、遗忘因子最小二乘支持向量机,对比了它们用于轴向陀螺漂移预测的泛化性能。试验结果表明:遗忘因子最小二乘支持向量机可有效地用于轴向陀螺漂移预测,具有很高的预测精度,极大地提高了单轴旋转激光陀螺惯导系统的导航精度。     

改善轴向分辨率的光瞳滤波器

给出了一种新型滤波器,它即能提高系统的轴向分辨率又不影响其横向分辨率。利用这种滤波器不可以控制远场旁瓣强度的最大值与主瓣强度最大值之比（Ｍ）,从而获得较好的超分辨效果,还根据扩展结果分析了光瞳滤波器的中间区对轴向分辨率的影响。     

Peristaltic flow of a couple stress fluid in an annulus: Application of an endoscope

This paper discusses the influence of an endoscope on the peristaltic flow of a couple stress fluid in an annulus under a zero Reynolds number and long wavelength approximation. The inner tube is uniform, rigid, while the outer tube has a sinusoidal wave traveling down its wall. Analytical expressions for the axial velocity, stream function and axial pressure gradient are established. The flow is investigated in a wave frame of reference moving with the velocity of the wave. Numerical calculations are carried out for the pressure rise, frictional forces and trapping. The features of the flow characteristics are analyzed by plotting graphs and discussed in detail.