CeF3闪烁探测器对DD中子的相对灵敏度

 用国内近年新研制的CeF₃闪烁体和常用闪烁体ST401分别配特性相同的光电倍增管，构成两种闪烁体探测器，在强度不随时间变化的DD中子源场中测量了这两种闪烁探测器的相对灵敏度，测量结果表明：CeF₃闪烁探测器对DD中子的灵敏度比同尺寸ST401的灵敏度低一个量级以上。     

用于DPF装置中子测量的闪烁体探测器

 介绍了一种用于等离子体焦点装置(DPF装置)中子波形测量的塑料闪烁体探测器，该探测器由ST401型塑料闪烁体、XP2262B型光电倍增管构成。利用银活化中子探测器和DPF装置对该塑料闪烁体探测器进行标定，确定其中子灵敏度为0.022 5 pC每中子，，中子产额测量范围达到10⁹～10¹¹每脉冲，可以满足DPF装置中子参数测量的需要。     

电荷比较法测量液体闪烁体n,γ分辨性能

描述了一种采用CAMAC一微机系统采集数据,电荷比较法测量液体闪烁体的中子、γ射线分辨性能的新方法,同时测量了液体闪烁体NE213或BC519样品在²⁴¹Am–Be或²⁵²C_f中子源照射下的脉冲总电荷及多路不同时间段的部分电荷,对数据的离线分析给出闪烁体n,γ分辨与延迟时间及能量分布的关系,并可利用n,γ鉴别方法测量中子或γ射线的能量分布及闪烁体快或慢脉冲形状.     

ST401塑料闪烁体中子、r灵敏度测量

ST401塑料闪烁体响应时间快，在脉冲中子源方法测量瞬发中子衰减常数中常用作中子探测器，同时它对于r射线也灵敏。利用加速器DT中子源、裂变谱中子源和^60Co同位素源，分别测量了三种尺寸的ST401塑料闪烁体的裂变谱中子和r射线的灵敏度。     

ICF中子发射时间诊断

 对ICF中子发射时间的诊断技术进行了研究,研制了基于快闪烁体和微通道板式光电倍增管的中子发射时间探测器。在某大型激光原型装置上进行了中子发射时间的实验测量,成功获得多发实验的中子发射时间与打靶激光脉冲的时间及中子发射时间之间的关系。实验结果表明：中子发射时间探测器对DT中子和DD中子都能够响应,中子产额测量下限达到10⁷,时间测量不确定度小于20 ps;CH烧蚀层越厚,中子发射时间越长。     

组合闪烁探测系统的中子能量响应研究

组合闪烁探测系统由"Pb过滤片加塑料闪烁探测器"组成. 采用直流标定方法,实验研究了ST401、ST1422、ST1423组合探测系统对0.565MeV-14.16MeV能量范围的6个能点的中子灵敏度,得到了探测系统的中子灵敏度随Pb过滤片厚度的变化、随闪烁体厚度的变化和随中子能量的变化关系. 利用理论计算和实验测量结果相结合,获得了3种组合闪烁探测系统的中子灵敏度能量响应曲线.     

用北京同步辐射光源研究氟化物闪烁体的荧光时间衰减特性

介绍了利用北京同步辐射光源测量闪烁体荧光时间结构特性的新方法.并用此方法测量了纯BaF_{2、CeF3晶体和粉晶样品及掺La³⁺、Ce³⁺的BaF2晶体时间衰减谱.对BaF2掺稀土元素的测量结果表明,La³⁺和De³⁺的掺入对BaF2时间衰减慢成分均有一定的抑制作用,但从理论上分析两种掺杂对慢成分的抑制机制并不相同.}     

光电耦合器的反应堆中子辐射效应

 选择3种典型光电耦合器开展了反应堆中子辐照实验,中子注量为3×10¹¹~5×10¹²cm^-2时,位移效应导致电流传输比下降,饱和压降提高。发光器件相同,探测器为Si PIN光电二极管的光电耦合器比探测器为Si NPN光敏晶体管的光电耦合器的初始电流传输比要小,但其抗位移损伤能力更强。探测器均为Si NPN光敏晶体管,发光器件为异质结LED要比硅两性掺杂LED的光电耦合器的电流传输比抗位移损伤能力提高2个量级;以光敏晶体管为探测器的光电耦合器,在较大的正向电流和输出负载电阻条件下工作可提高抗辐射水平。此外,光电耦合器的位移损伤存在加电退火效应。     

4π△Eβ探测器的建立及其在丰中子核素研究中的应用

建立了一台4π△E_β探测器,它具有很好的时间响应性能,它的上升时间为8ns.利用4π△E_β-γ符合的技术使缺中子核素中来自电子俘获的γ线强度受到了很大的抑制,而对以100%β-方式衰变的丰中子Hg同位素的γ线具有60%的符合探测效率.将该探测器用于¹⁸O十²⁰⁸Pb的实验中,使康普顿本底水平大大降低.     

用于反应堆中子/γ 射线混合场测量的涂硼电离室性能

近年来,涂硼电离室已逐渐成为核反应堆周围大通量中子/γ射线混合场监测的辐射探测器之一. 研制了一种高灵敏度涂硼电离室,并给出了其内部结构.用fA级弱电流放大器测得: 当涂硼电离室的工作电压在700 V以下时,漏电流小于1.0 pA; 用Am-Be中子源辐照时测得涂硼电离室的电流曲线坪长为500 V, 坪斜为3.72×10^-4 V^-1;当涂硼电离室的工作电压为400 V时, 对应漏电流为0.4 pA.测试表明涂硼电离室中子信号电流与辐照源的相对位置有关, 将Am-Be中子源置于距石蜡慢化体底部8 cm时,测得中子信号电流最大值为2.0 pA. 用¹³⁷Cs和⁹⁰Sr辐照时测得涂硼电离室γ射线信号电流为 1.0---2.0 pA,但在γ射线场中坪特性不如中子场中坪特性明显. 电离室中子探测灵敏度达1.0×10^-15 Acm²s量级, γ射线探测灵敏度达9.0× 10^-22 Acm²s·eV^-1量级. 这种涂硼电离室漏电流小、灵 敏度高、坪特性好,可用于反应堆周围的中子/γ射线混合场测量.     

Radiation pressure

Formulae for the radiation pressure of electromagnetic and of sound waves are reviewed. The pressure on an obstacle in the path of the waves can be calculated from the momenta of the incident and scattered trains, and it is now well established that any train of waves of intensity J propagated with speed v has momentum J/v ² per unit volume. A general proof of this result is proposed, independent of the nature of the waves.     

Radiation reaction

I solve Maxwell's equation for a current produced by a classical, point electron. My solution, which represents the self electromagnetic field of the electron, can be found along the electron trajectory, where the conventional retarded-time solution is singular. The solution is in the form of an integral over all spectral frequencies of the field and has an Ehrenfest correspondence with the operator field of quantum electrodynamics (QED). Use of the field in the equation of motion for a harmonically-bound electron leads to an equation having the same form as the Schrödinger equation for a two-level atom interacting with the QED vacuum field.     

Radiation magnetization

Radiation magnetization represents a new electron induction effect within ferrites resulting in real permanent magnetization, dynamically induced and detected by means of microwaves Strahlungsmagnetisierung kennzeichnet einen neuen Effekt der Elektronenanregung (electron induction) innerhalb von Ferriten. Strahlungsmagnetisierung ist eine reelle permanente Magnetisierung, die von Mikrowellen dynamisch induziert und gemessen wird.     

空间辐射效应

本文简要介绍近地空间辐射环境及其对飞行器材料、电子器件的影响．还扼要介绍了空间辐照效应的研究动态.This paper briefly dicusses the radiation environment in near-earth space and it s influences on material, and electronic devices using in space airship, also, the research developments in space radiation effects are introduced.     

Radiation piezoelectric effect

The results of experimental investigation of a new phenomenon - appearance of an emf across a single germanium sample subject both to irradiation with charged particles and to uniaxial deformation in a direction perpendicular to the particle beam (radiation piezoelectric effect - RPE) - are reported.     

Topics in Coherent Synchrotron Radiation: Experimental Consequences of Radiation Impedance

Coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) is now an established source of radiation in the terahertz region, with flux capabilities many orders of magnitude higher than conventional SR sources. Accordingly, CSR is playing an ever-increasing role in the field of Far-IR spectroscopy at synchrotron facilities around the world. However, with the improvement in spectroscopic resolution, the incident CSR spectra from several facilities are displaying intensity profiles that appear to be modulated by periodic peaks or deep indentations, while theory predicts a featureless distribution. After eliminating the usual suspects, like multiple reflections from windows, etc., one looks for a deeper explanation, such as the role played by the radiation impedance. This impedance is largely defined by the vacuum chamber in the region of the bend magnets, but probably with some effects from the straight sections as well.     

Heating of Low-Density Matter by Soft X-Ray Radiation and Radiation Waves

We investigate the nonlinear radiative thermal conductivity model, which is theoretically well substantiated and based on a small number of assumptions. We consider the spatial and temporal evolutions for a low-density polymer foam heated by radiation waves taking into account the dependence of the absorption coefficients on the quantum energy. The form of the radiation wavefront (its slope and speed of propagation) differs from the classical form by a low-temperature “tongue” penetrating deep into the plasma. The plasma in this segment of the wavefront is heated up to a temperature of 1–2 eV by photons in the hard part of the spectrum, with energies for which hν/kT?>?4. We simulate numerically the experiments at the PHELIX facility to heat a low-density cellulose triacetate (TAC, C₁₂H₁₆O₈) taking into account the radiation transfer. The energy and the spectral flux of radiation that passed through the TAC layer are satisfactorily consistent with the experimental results.