无机材料/天然高分子复合微球的制备研究进展

微球是一种新型药物载体,具有很大的开发与应用潜力.天然高分子具有良好的生物相容性、可降解性,易在生物体内分散,可制备成微球.无机材料(主要为无机矿物)力学性能优良,且价廉易得.通过天然高分子与无机材料两者耦合杂化作用,可优势互补、协同增效,进而产生许多优异的理化性能.使用无机材料改性天然高分子,通过乳化交联法、溶液混合法、原位合成法、挤出法等多种方法可制备得到无机材料/天然高分子复合微球.将无机材料/天然高分子复合微球应用于药物传递系统中,缓释效果明显,安全无毒害,且载体材料价格相对低廉,对于开发新型药物载体具有一定的意义.本文综述了近年无机材料/天然高分子复合微球的制备、载药与释药性能的相关研究,分析了常用制备方法的利弊,展望了复合微球的发展方向.     

聚乳酸载药微球制备及释药性能研究最新进展

对可生物降解材料聚乳酸作为药物载体制备微球制剂的研究状况进行了综述。针对目前限制聚乳酸微球制剂临床应用存在的问题,重点介绍了降低药物突释,提高药物包封率,改善多肽和蛋白药物微球释药性能等方面研究的最新进展。聚乳酸载药微球在药物传输中有着广阔的研究和应用前景。     

高分子载体材料在药用微球中的应用及进展

微球给药系统可实现药物的靶向给药,其在药物的缓控释放等方面表现出良好的应用前景,因而成为近年来药剂学领域的研究热点之一。高分子载体材料（Polymer Carriers）是随着药物学研究、生物材料科学和临床医学的发展而新兴起来的,是一类具有优良生物相容性、生物可降解性、可加工性,经过安全性评价并应用于药物制剂的高分子辅...     

药物控制释放用天然多糖载体的制备技术研究进展

药物的控制释放体系是生物医用材料研究领域的重要课题,其支撑点是要有性能良好的高分子药物载体。由于天然多糖作为药物控制释放材料具有比合成聚合物更多的优势,因而一直是国内外学者研究的重点。文章从微球与胶囊、水凝胶、压缩膜三方面分别对天然多糖药物载体的制备技术进行了简述,并提出了多糖研究中存在的主要问题和今后的研究重点。     

生物降解聚酯包埋利福平缓释微球的制备及释放行为

以生物可降解乙交酯和丙交酯的无规共聚物(PLGA)为载体,将抗结核病药利福平溶解于PLGA的有机溶液中,采用通常乳化-溶剂挥发方法制备了药物缓释微球.研究了影响微球制备的工艺条件.用电子显微镜观察了微球及降解后的表面形态,测定了微球粒径及载药量,评价了载药微球的体外释放行为.结果表明,以质量分数为1%的明胶为稳定剂,制备的微球形态完整,粒径范围为10～30μm,微球中利福平的平均质量分数为24.3%.体外释药时间可以通过高分子的降解速率来调控,本实验的释药时间可以在42～84d之间调控,药物缓释达到了理想的零级动力学释放.因此,利福平PLGA微球具有显著的长效、恒量药物缓释作用.     

生物可降解5-氟尿嘧啶载药微球的制备及性能研究

5-氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)为水溶性嘧啶类抗代谢药,是治疗实体肿瘤的首选药物．但5-Fu毒性很大,血浆中停留半衰期t1／2仅为10～20min．为了减少氟尿嘧啶的毒副作用并提高药物利用率,可以将其制成聚合物载药微球．聚酯类高分子是较为常用的生物降解型药物载体材料,其中聚乳酸(PLA)及其共聚物具有良好的生物相容性及生物可降解性,常被广泛应用于药物缓释材料,     

磁性微球的制备及研究进展

磁性微球作为一种新型功能材料,在磁性材料、生物工程等领域有着广泛的应用前景。文章对磁性高分子微球的制备方法、性质作了较详细的综述,着重介绍了磁性微球在细胞分离、蛋白质的提纯、固定化酶、靶向给药及核酸的分离等领域的应用。     

高分子药物及载体材料

高分子药物由于具有良好的生物降解性和生物相容性,可以控制药物释放速度,能够降低药物的毒副作用,减少抗药性,提高药物的稳定性和有效利用率,从而引起国内外广泛关注.本文从自身具有药理活性的高分子、高分子载体药物两个方面综述了近年来高分子药物及载体材料的研究进展.按化学结合力不同将高分子载体药物分为高分子前药和高分子络合物药...     

药用合成高分子缓、控释材料研究进展

药物的缓、控释材料可以实现药物的平稳长期的释放,同时使药物治疗达到有的放矢的效果,高分子材料是制作药物缓控释材料的重要材料,包括天然高分子与合成高分子两大类。其中,天然高分子用作药物缓控释材料的研究已有多年的历史,已为人们所熟知。本文主要综述药用合成高分子缓、控释材料研究进展,分析了不同缓、控释材料的制备方法、释药原理和适用药物,为合成新型药用缓、控释材料,扩大药用缓、控释高分子材料的应用范围提供依据。     

聚蔗糖微球缓释载体的研制

药物输送系统(drug delivery system,DDS)主要包括药物和载体两部分,微球(microspheres)是以适宜的高分子材料制成的一种应用较为广泛的新型药物载体。本文研究了聚蔗糖微球的制备方法以及作为药物缓释载体的可行性。以Span-80为表面活性剂,环氧氯丙烷为交联剂,Ficoll-400水溶液为水相(W),氯苯为油相(O),采用反相悬浮聚合法制备了一系列粒径<100μm、圆球率高的聚蔗糖微球。以牛血清蛋白(BSA)为模型药物,研究其作为药物载体的缓释性能。释放实验表明其最大释放率为95%,适当提高其交联程度有利于BSA的缓慢释放。     

Biodegradable Microspheres with Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Enriched Surface: Thermo-responsibility,Biodegradation and Drug Release

Microspheres with thermo-responsible surface were fabricated by PCL-b-PEO-b-PNIPAM triblock copolymers. Thermo-responsible morphological changes of PCL-b-PEO-b-PNIPAM microspheres immersed in aqueous solution at temperatures above the LCST(e.g. 37 ?C) were observed from porous surface structure to compact surface layer. Enzymatic degradation and in vitro drug release results showed that the thermo-responsible surface layer greatly influenced the degradation of microspheres as well as the drug release behavior from microspheres. With the copolymerization of PNIPAM block into PCL-b-PEO copolymers, the drug release could be well regulated by changing temperatures and microspheres composition, which revealed the great potentials of microspheres with thermo-responsible surface for controlled drug release.     

盐溶液调控海藻酸钙微球中的自由羧酸根及其对阿霉素的装载和释放行为研究

采用膜乳化-凝胶化法制备了粒径窄分布的海藻酸钙微球.用不同浓度的氯化钠溶液处理微球来调控微球中的自由羧酸根的含量.用原子吸收光谱和红外光谱表征了微球中钙、钠离子以及化学基团的变化,证明盐处理后海藻酸钙微球内发生了钠离子置换钙离子的过程,海藻酸中的羧酸根由螯合态转变为自由态.用盐处理后的微球吸附带正电荷的小分子抗癌药物阿霉素的能力大大提高,其中用浓度1.8%的氯化钠溶液处理后的微球载药量达到1310μg/mg,是未处理微球的10倍.负载药物的微球具有pH敏感的释放行为,在pH5.5的PBS溶液中的释放速率和释放量显著大于在pH 7.4的PBS溶液中.     

壳聚糖微球用于LHRH拮抗剂类似物缓释体系的研究

研究壳聚糖微球对促黄体生成激素释放激素（ＬＨＲＨ）拮抗剂类似物（ＴＸ４６）的吸附与释放，考察了影响吸附与释放的因素，得到了各种不同微球对ＴＸ４６的吸附与释放平衡曲线，为ＬＨＲＨ拮抗剂用于生育控制及其它临床应用提供了初步的实验依据。     

Control of prolonged drug release and compression properties of ibuprofen microspheres with acrylic polymer, eudragit RS, by changing their intraparticle porosity [corrected]

Prolonged-release spherical micro-matrices of ibuprofen with Eudragit RS were prepared using a novel emulsion-solvent diffusion method. Those particles were termed "microspheres" due to their characteristic sponge-like texture and unique dissolution and compression properties unlike conventional microcapsules or microspheres. The internal porosity of microspheres could be easily controlled by changing the concentration of the drug and the polymer in the emulsion droplet (ethanol). With lower concentration of ibuprofen in the ethanol, the resultant microspheres had a higher porosity, about 50%. The drug release rate from the microspheres was interpreted by the Higuchi model of spherical matrices, which depended only on their internal porosity of the microspheres when size distribution and drug content were the same. The tortuosities in the microspheres were found to be almost constant (3-4) irrespective of porosity, suggesting the same internal texture. Microsphere compressibility was much improved over the physical mixture of the drug and polymer owing to the plastic deformation of their sponge-like structure. The more porous microspheres produced stronger tablets [corrected].     

Novel Carboxymethyl Chitosan Microspheres for Controlled Delivery of Chelerythrine

Novel carboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMCS) microspheres containing an anti-tumor drug chelerythrine (CHE) have been successfully prepared by an emulsion crosslinking method using glutaraldehyde. The optimized microsphere formulation was characterized for particle size, shape, morphology, crystallinity and in vitro drug release. Results for mean particle size, drug loading content, entrapment efficiency and in vitro drug release of chelerythrine loaded microspheres were found to be 12.18 μm, 4.08%, 54.78% and 35.30% at pH 7.4 in 20 h, respectively. The optimized microspheres had an imperfect crystalline lattice and a spherical, rough morphology and the CHE release from O-CMCS microspheres followed the Higuchi matrix model. All these results suggested that O-CMCS microspheres are a promising carrier system for controlled drug delivery.     

Preparation, characterization, and application of multistimuli-responsive microspheres with fluorescence-labeled magnetic cores and thermoresponsive shells

Novel functional microspheres with multistimuli-responsive properties have been prepared and characterized. The as-prepared microspheres respond to an external magnetic field, environmental temperature, and ultraviolet radiation. The in vitro drug-loading efficiency and drug-release behavior of these microspheres demonstrated that they could be used as drug carriers for drug controlled release. The results of in vivo distribution investigations of these microspheres showed that they exhibit a high magnetic-targeting effect, which holds promise for applications in various fields such as magnetic drug targeting and tissue labeling, among others.     

Core–Shell Hollow Microspheres of Magnetic Iron Oxide@Amorphous Calcium Phosphate: Synthesis Using Adenosine 5′‐Triphosphate and Application in pH‐Responsive Drug Delivery

Drug nanocarriers with magnetic targeting and pH‐responsive drug‐release behavior are promising for applications in controlled drug delivery. Magnetic iron oxides show excellent magnetism, but their application in drug delivery is limited by low drug‐loading capacity and poor control over drug release. Herein, core–shell hollow microspheres of magnetic iron oxide@amorphous calcium phosphate (MIO@ACP) were prepared and investigated as magnetic, pH‐responsive drug nanocarriers. Hollow microspheres of magnetic iron oxide (HMIOs) were prepared by etching solid MIO microspheres in hydrochloric acid/ethanol solution. After loading a drug into the HMIOs, the drug‐loaded HMIOs were coated with a protective layer of ACP by using adenosine 5′‐triphosphate (ATP) disodium salt (Na₂ATP) as stabilizer, and drug‐loaded core–shell hollow microspheres of MIO@ACP (HMIOs/drug/ACP) were obtained. The as‐prepared HMIOs/drug/ACP drug‐delivery system exhibits superparamagnetism and pH‐responsive drug‐release behavior. In a medium with pH 7.4, drug release was slow, but it was significantly accelerated at pH 4.5 due to dissolution of the ACP shell. Docetaxel‐loaded core–shell hollow microspheres of MIO@ACP exhibited high anticancer activity.     

Preparation of PLGA microspheres with different porous morphologies

Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide)(PLGA) microspheres were prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation method. The influences of inner aqueous phase, organic solvent, PLGA concentration on the morphology of microspheres were studied. The results showed that addition of porogen or surfactants to the inner aqueous phase, types of organic solvents and polymer concentration affected greatly the microsphere morphology. When dichloromethane was adopted as organic solvent, microspheres with porous structure were produced. When ethyl acetate served as organic solvent, two different morphologies were obtained. One was hollow microspheres with thin porous shell under a lower PLGA concentration, another was erythrocyte-like microspheres under a higher PLGA concentration. Three types of microspheres including porous, hollow core with thin porous shell(denoted by hollow in brief) and solid structures were finally selected for in vitro drug release tests. Bovine serum albumin(BSA) was chosen as model drug and encapsulated within the microspheres. The BSA encapsulation efficiency of porous, hollow and solid microspheres was respectively 90.4%, 79.8% and 0. And the ultimate accumulative release was respectively 74.5%, 58.9% and 0. The release rate of porous microspheres was much slower than that of hollow microspheres. The experiment results indicated that microspheres with different porous structures showed great potentials in controlling drug release behavior.     

Hierarchical Micro/Nanostructures of Natural Polymer for Release Process

In this paper the modeling of drug release process from hierarchical dispersed systems such as nano and microparticles prepared by thermal cross-linking of multiple emulsions is described. The presented model considers the diffusion of a drug through spherical eroding natural polymer matrix and diffusion-convection of the drug in the surrounding medium. Simulated release profiles were compared with experimental data of the drug release from microspheres of various structures. The differences in microspheres structure resulted from changes in mixing intensity of the external surrounding. The simulations of release profiles confirmed the importance of the internal structure of microspheres as well as an intensity of external mixing in the modeling of the controlled release process. The presented model allowed the mass of drug released to be determined with satisfactory agreement with experimental data after optimization of parameters describing internal microspheres structure. The proposed model describing release process of a drug from microspheres can be applied for simulation of release profiles with phasic behavior (primary/lag and continuous release). The model simulations were extended to drug release from nanoparticles with satisfactory results.     

Simple coacervates of zein to encapsulate Gitoxin

This work reports the use of simple coacervates of the hydrophobic protein zein to encapsulate Gitoxin, a cardiotonic glycoside. The microspheres obtained using ethanol, methanol, iso-propyl alcohol were characterized using viscosity index, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser light scattering particle analyzer. Scanning electron micrographs indicated that the zein film was made of microspheres with diameter in the 1-1.5 microm range, which could be controlled. Sizes of Gitoxin-loaded zein microspheres changed little before and after release of the drug because of conglutination among zein microspheres. Release of Gitoxin from zein microspheres, were performed in vitro to investigate the mechanism of model drug release. The results show that the zein microspheres obtained using ethanol are best suited for use as a sustained-release form of Gitoxin. The microspheres may also be useful in drug targeting system since the diameter of the microspheres is appropriate for phagocytosis by macrophages. Both zein film and Gitoxin-loaded zein microsphere film were effective in suppressing platelet adhesion.