竞争法免疫层析试条的数学模型与仿真研究

根据竞争法免疫层析试条的检测原理,本研究将其分为TwA和TnA两种模式,结合对流扩散方程分别建立其数学模型,并运用COMSOL软件对试条的动态反应过程进行仿真,得到检测线和质控线上各复合物浓度关于各影响因素的关系曲线.在TwA模式中,分析了待测物浓度[A0]=0~20 mol/L,标记物浓度[P0]=0.01~100 mol/L,检测线位于5~20 mm位置等因素对于检测结果的影响;在TnA模式中,分析了[A0]=0~20 mol/L, [P0]=0.01~100 mol/L, [A0]和[P0]两种物质浓度及孔隙率等因素对于检测结果的影响.结果表明,本研究建立的竞争法模型与仿真能探究各参数对于检测结果的影响,优化试条性能,从而提高试条检测灵敏度和实现定量检测.     

左旋多巴在单层碳纳米管修饰电极上的电化学行为

单层碳纳米管修饰电极对左旋多巴的电化学氧化还原具有很高的催化活性.在pH 4.6的0.1 mol/L HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液中,可得到一对峰形很好的氧化还原峰.电极反应受扩散控制,反应过程中电子的得失伴随着等量的质子参与.氧化峰电流与左旋多巴浓度在2.1×10-4～5.0×10-6 mol/L范围内成线性关系,检测限为2.0×10-6 mol/L.     

生物样品中神经递质含量的测定

用反相高效液相色谱 -电化学检测法 ,同时测定了小鼠脑组织以及人血清中的 6种神经递质的含量。以柠檬酸钠缓冲溶液和甲醇作流动相 ,优化后得到最佳色谱条件。在 1～ 2 0 0× 1 0 - 3mg/ L范围内 ,浓度与响应的线性关系良好 ,各待测物的检出限可达 0 .4～ 5.0× 1 0 - 3mg/ L。     

盐酸曲马多离子选择性电极的研制与应用

介绍了盐酸曲马多离子选择性电极的制备,特性以及在药物分析方面的应用。综合考虑活性物质的含量和增塑剂种类及含量的影响,选择了以盐酸曲马多—四苯硼钠缔合物为活性物质,以DOP为增塑剂的电极体系。该电极在5×10-5～1×10-2mol/L范围内表现能斯特响应,斜率为57.1mV/pC,检测下限为1×10-5mol/L。电极对多种异质离子表现良好的选择性。运用电位法测定药物中的盐酸曲马多,回收率为94.9%～106.0%。     

盐酸普鲁卡因离子选择性电极的研制及应用

用盐酸普鲁卡因离子缔合物为电活性物质,以11邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯和邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯为增塑剂,研制成了以PVC为基质膜的盐酸普鲁卡因离子选择性电极.盐酸普鲁卡因浓度在1.0×10-4～2.5×10-2 mol/L范围内时,电极电位服从能斯特方程.响应斜率为56.6 mV/△PC,检测下限为3.16×10-5mol/L,对盐酸普鲁卡因的回收率为95.0%～105%,相对标准偏差为4.6%.本文还考察了电极的各种性质,测定了20种常见离子的选择性系数.方法巳用于实际样品中的盐酸普鲁卡因测定,与常规方法对照,相对误差为4.1%.     

涂碳型PVC膜培氟沙星选择电极的研制

报道一种以盐酸培氟沙星与溴汞酸盐生成的分子缔合物为电活性物质的新型涂碳PVC膜培氟沙星选择电极。在pH 1 .5～ 4.5范围内 ,电极对培氟沙星的Nernst响应范围为 1 .0× 1 0 - 2 ～ 5 .0× 1 0 - 5mol/L ,检测限为 4.2× 1 0 - 6mol/L。方法的平均回收率为 98.5 % ,RSD为 1 .0 %     

左旋多巴在单层碳纳米管修饰电极上的电化学行为

单层碳纳米管修饰电极对左旋多巴的电化学氧化还原具有很高的催化活性。在pH4.6的0.1mol/LHAc NaAc缓冲溶液中,可得到一对峰形很好的氧化还原峰。电极反应受扩散控制,反应过程中电子的得失伴随着等量的质子参与。氧化峰电流与左旋多巴浓度在2.1×10-4～5.0×10-6mol/L范围内成线性关系,检出限为2.0×10-6mol/L。     

吡啰红B为底物的氯化血红素催化荧光反应测定葡萄糖

吡红B在氯化血红素催化下可被过氧化氢氧化而使其荧光猝灭。在pH 5 .2弱酸性介质中 ,稳态催化速率由模拟酶和底物浓度决定 ,催化体系服从Michaelis Menten方程 ,用Lineweaver Burk作图法求得米氏常数 1.4× 10 - 5mol L ,最大反应速度 1.9× 10 - 6mol L·s ;催化常数 2 5 .6 /s。在最佳反应条件下 ,荧光猝灭程度F0 F与过氧化氢浓度在 0 .0～ 7.2× 10 - 7mol L范围内呈线性关系 ;检出限为 8.0× 10 - 9mol L。当与葡萄糖氧化酶联用时 ,可定量检测葡萄糖 ,线性关系为 (0 .0～ 1.0 )× 10 - 5mol L ;检出限为 3.3× 10 - 8mol L。方法用于分析人血清中葡萄糖含量 ,结果与苯酚 4 氨基安替比林法一致。     

微渗析-液相色谱电化学检测法测定全血中的半胱氨酸和谷胱甘肽

采用微渗析取样作为样品预处理技术,与高效液相色谱电化学检测联用,建立了一种测定血中半胱氨酸(Cys)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)的新方法。电化学检测以玻碳电极为工作电极,结果表明在3.5×10-6～1.0×10-3mol/L浓度范围内,Cys和GSH的浓度分别与氧化峰的峰电流呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数分别为0.9971和0.9982,检测限分别为1.2×10-6mol/L和3.2×10-6mol/L。     

抗癌药物8-氮鸟嘌呤在石墨电极上的电化学性质及电分析方法研究

研究了抗癌药物8-氮鸟嘌呤(8-AG)在浸蜡石墨电极上的电化学反应。在HAc-NaAc(pH3.6)缓冲溶液中,8-AG在浸蜡石墨电极上产生一受扩散控制的氧化波,峰电位为1.2V(vs.SCE),峰电流与8-AG浓度在8×10-7～1×10-4mol/L范围内有良好的线性关系,检出限为5×10-7mol/L。研究了电极反应过程,求得了对应的动力学参数,建立了灵敏、快速的8-AG的检测方法。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.