微波灰化样品-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定原油中微量金属元素

原油样品(5 g)于石英坩埚中,放入微波灰化炉中在800℃灰化1h,残渣加入盐酸(1+1)溶液溶解并蒸发至近干,转入50mL容量瓶加水定客后,供电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定原油样品中微量金属元素铁、钠、镍、钒和钙的含量。方法用于分析原油样品,所得相对标准偏差(n=6)在2.2%～6.5%之间,回收率在92.0%～108.4%之间。测定结果与常规灰化法测定结果对比,经t检验(α=0.05),无显著性差异。     

微波灰化分析在油品金属含量前处理中的应用

油品经过微波灰化仪和传统干式灰化法分别处理,运用等离子发射光谱仪进行金属含量测定,对比所得结果,同时优化了样品微波灰化条件.结果表明:与传统干式灰化法相比,方法的特点是快速氧化样品,无须炭化直接灰化,大大缩短了灰化时间,同时在灰化中减少了烟雾对环境的污染,过程简便、快速、结果准确,大大提高工作效率,达到了快速分析的要求.     

微波灰化-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定原油中的金属元素

采用微波灰化技术消化原油样品,并使用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定其中Na、Mg、Ca、Fe、V、Ni和Cu的含量。探讨了原油样品中金属元素测定的称样量和微波灰化程序,并优化了仪器工作参数和实验条件。样品经微波灰化处理后,用盐酸溶解残渣,方法对Na、Mg、Ca、Fe、V、Ni和Cu元素的检出限分别为0.07、0.01、0.01、0.01、0.02、0.04和0.03mg/kg,回收率在84.5%～96.6%之间,相对标准偏差在2.1%～6.9%范围。方法简便、可靠,可用于原油中Na、Mg、Ca、Fe、V、Ni和Cu 7种金属元素的检测。     

微波灰化-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定婴幼儿乳粉中的钙和磷

采用微波灰化-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP-OES）测定婴幼儿乳粉中钙、磷元素含量.采用微波灰化法对婴幼儿乳粉进行前处理,正交试验方法确定微波灰化最佳条件,灰化后产物用2 mL硝酸溶液(体积比为1∶1)溶解后,用ICP-OES对钙、磷元素进行含量检测.磷加标回收率为86%～104%,钙加标回收率为87%～96%.磷的相对标准偏差为2.5%～7.0%,钙的相对标准偏差为3.9%～10.0%,能够满足日常检测要求.采用微波灰化法对婴幼儿乳粉中钙、磷元素进行样品前处理,相比微波消解方法,具有用时短、用酸量少、消解效果好、不需要进行赶酸处理等优点.与干法灰化和湿法消解相比大大减少了样品处理时间.采用微波灰化与ICP-OES结合对婴幼儿乳粉中的重要指标元素进行检测,在婴幼儿乳粉质量控制中有很好的应用价值.     

微波灰化-高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定茶叶中的铬酸铅

为了准确测定茶叶中铬酸铅的含量,为市场监管提供判断依据,本文建立了微波灰化-高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定茶叶中铬酸铅的方法。茶叶样品经微波灰化仪在500 ℃的条件下,灰化50 min后,用0.25 mol·L-1的NaOH和0.14 mol·L-1的Na2CO3混合碱性提取液在90 ℃-95 ℃温度下不间断搅拌提取10 min,提取液经色谱柱分离后,用ICP-MS测定52Cr。研究表明该方法在5.00 μg·L-1-500 μg·L-1范围内,线性良好,相关系数为0.9998,方法检出限低至2.5 mg·kg-1,三水平加标回收率为91.30 %～95.33 %,精密度在1.14 %～1.99 %之间。与电炉灼烧茶叶相比,微波灰化茶具有检出限低,精密度高,准确度良好等特性,能够满足茶叶中铬酸铅的测定。 关键词 微波灰化;高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法;铬酸铅;茶叶     

水环境中磷的灰化法提取

对多种无机磷和有机磷化合物进行了实验，尝试不少盐试剂（本文称之为灰化助剂），研究它们在灰化法提取磷中的作用效果和机制。我们发现，许多无机磷和有机磷化合物加入MgSO4灼烧后残渣中的磷并不完全回收。而MgCl、Mg(Ac)2、CaCl2等助剂，即都胡使灼烧后的磷易于完全回收。我们认为，在利用目前已被广泛应用的MgSO4高温灰化法分析水体中的颗粒磷和总磷或有机体中的磷时，应当用MgCl2取代MgSO4作为灰化助剂。而对于硫酸盐含量低的样品，CaCl2同样是很有效的灰化助剂。尽管Mg（NO3）2也是高效的灰化辅助剂，但其应用存在危险性及较多的手工操作等缺陷，且还存在MgSO4的盐效应问题，这限制了其广泛应用。本研究认为，如果沉积物中加入MgCl2后灰化，用0.2mol/L Hcl于80℃浸提残渣0.5h足以达到分析目的。     

微波灰化-液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用测定干食用菌中的三价铬和六价铬

建立了干食用菌中三价铬(Cr(Ⅲ))和六价铬(Cr(Ⅵ))的液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱(LC-ICP-MS)检测方法。采用微波灰化技术对食用菌样品进行灰化处理,灰化样品用乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)二钠盐稳定其中的Cr(Ⅲ),并使其保留在阴离子交换柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,10 μm)上;用含有60 mmol/L硝酸(pH 9.3)的流动相分离其中的Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ),电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定。标准溶液中Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ)的质量浓度在0.5~50 μg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性回归系数均达到0.9999。食用菌样品中Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ)不同加入量的平均回收率为78.0%~90.7%,相对标准偏差小于4%(n=6);定量限均为0.5 μg/L。该方法稳定、可靠、灵敏,可满足干食用菌中Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ)的测定。     

比浊法测定氯化石蜡中氯量

以Na2CO3-MgO-KOH为灰化固定剂,用灰化法处理氯化石蜡样品。对测定条件、灰化条件及AgCl胶体的稳定性进行了考察。建立了比浊法测定氯化石蜡中氯的新方法。线性范围为0~5μg/mL。测定结果的相对标准偏差≤0.6%,加标回收率为97.5%~102.3%。     

茂名和抚顺油页岩组成结构的研究 Ⅳ.矿物质的含量与组成

用过氧化氢湿法灰化与等离子体氧低温灰化(LTA)法测定了茂名和抚顺油页岩矿物质的含量,结果是残渣收率比高温灰化的灰分值高约10%。用IR、XRD 与SEM-XPS 等方法对这两种油页岩矿物质的组成进行了分析,确认其主要组分为夹杂有石英的高岭石与水云母等粘土矿物,同时还有少量碳酸盐岩、硫铁矿、钾长石与铵长石等。据此,讨论了矿物质对油页岩分析以及加工利用的影响。     

灰化法海带提碘实验中碘元素流失原因探析

理论推导结合正交实验发现,采用灰化法从海带中提取碘的实验中,以下不当操作会导致碘元素流失：用水洗涤海带样品;灰化时间过长;过滤时不用有机溶剂润洗;溶解海带灰时煮沸;溶液的pH控制不当;选用氧化性过强的氧化剂。基于上述结论,得出了灰化法海带提碘实验的改进方案。     

Micro Dry Ashing for Trace Selenium Determination in Organic Matrices

Abstract

A specific sample treatment method was established for determination of ng levels of Selenium in microquantities of organic compounds. Our task was determination of Selenium traces, in a new pharmaceutical product, as a result of a laboratory scale synthesis, in an amount of several tens of mg. GFAAS was chosen as an analysis method, due to its sensitivity and rapidity. Among the wet and dry methods for organic material digestion tried, the low temperature dry ashing using ashing aid, was the only one which gave satisfactory recoveries of Selenium. Micro dry ashing was performed, using an Ethanol solution of Magnesium Nitrate on samples spiked with Selenium Nitrate in the range of concentration of 1–6ng mg^?1 at a temperature of 450°C for two hours. The presence of Magnesium Nitrate and the heating suppress the atomization with approximately 15–25%. Recoveries of Selenium varies as a function of the organic matrix: for polyaromate compounds as Chrysene and Fluoranthene they lie between 90–103% and for oxygenated compounds as Dimethoxybenzoic acid or Phthalates 23–50% respectively.

Another aspect of chemical interference by organic matrices and the way how to overcome it, has been clarified.     

An Open Vessel,Pulse-Microwave Technique for Wet Ashing of Metal-Contaminated Animal Tissues

Abstract

Wet ashing of whole fish arid standard mammalian liver samples for metal determinations is effectively achieved through low power pulse microwave treatment using a domestic grade microwave oven. The reaction is carried out in an open Erlenmeyer flask while held within a much larger sealed container. The latter may be any inexpensive vessel that is microwave proof. The power setting is approximately 70 watts. The oven is programmed to deliver microwaves for 10 seconds every three minutes for a total of 19 minutes. Efficiency of recovery is generally within 10% of the known amounts. The pulse microwave protocol avoids the high temperatures and pressures that create the risk of explosions.     

微波灰化法测定进出口饲料中的灰分

采用程序升温微波灰化法测定饲料中的灰分,大大缩短了检测周期.其检测结果与国标法GB/T5009.4-2003相比,|t|=0.521205,tα,v=2.23,|t|相似文献   

Multielemental Analysis of Camellia Oil by Microwave Dry Ashing and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

A simple and practical method is reported for the determination of Mg, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb in camellia oil by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Camellia oil was treated using microwave dry ashing at 380 degree Celsius for carbonization and 550 degree Celsius for ashing in a 110 minute procedure. The operational conditions of the dynamic reaction cell with ammonia as the reaction gas were optimized to minimize interferences. The recoveries and the relative standard deviations of optimized method were between 85.6 and 98.4 percent and 1.1 and 5.5 percent, respectively. The detection limits for Mg, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb were 31, 48, 0.6, 4, 22, 0.4, 0.6, 0.9, 3, and 1 micrograms per kilogram, respectively. The developed method has significant potential for the determination of metals in edible oils.     

微波灰化-原子荧光光谱法测定卷烟纸中镉

卷烟纸样品于瓷坩埚中,放入微波灰化系统中在450℃灰化20min,残渣加入体积分数为2.5%盐酸溶液溶解转入50mL容量瓶中定容后,供原子荧光光谱仪测定卷烟纸中镉的含量。在优化的仪器条件下,镉的质量浓度在0.2～10μg.L-1范围内与其荧光强度呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3s/k)为0.018μg.L-1。方法用于分析卷烟纸样品,所得回收率在94.4%～98.4%之间。方法的日内和日间相对标准偏差(n=7)分别为2.2%和2.8%。     

微波灰化/DUO-ICP-AES测定残渣燃料油中的铝、硅、钒

采用微波灰化技术消解残渣燃料油,用全谱直读DUO-ICP-AES同时测定残渣燃料油中的铝、硅、钒,优化了仪器工作参数和实验条件.结果表明,在质量浓度0 ～25.0 mg/L范围内铝、硅、钒的线性关系良好(r=0.999 70 ～0.999 99),检出限、回收率和相对标准偏差分别为0.005 ～0.050 mg/L、8...     

Ashing and microwave digestion of aerosol samples with a polypropylene fibrous filter matrix

Radionuclide monitoring is one of the key techniques required by the International Monitoring System (IMS) and On-Site Inspection (OSI) in the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT). There shall be a global network of 80 radionuclide monitoring stations. Atmospheric aerosols are collected generally on filters in the stations. A polypropylene (PP) fibrous filter is often used in sampling atmospheric aerosols. There might be much information to be obtained by measuring aerosol samples after digestion rather than nondestructive analysis directly by γ-spectrometry. The present work focused on pretreatment of the filter samples, which includes the influence of different ashing or microwave digestion conditions on the recoveries of analytes. The inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometric detection results indicated that the recoveries of elements in the PP fibrous filters by ashing were influenced by ashing time, temperature and the properties of the elements. High recoveries of volatile elements and consistent recovery for other elements were obtained by using a closed microwave system to digest the filters. Higher sensitivity was also obtained when the intercomparison sample was measured by a HPGe well detector after pretreatment by the recommended ashing and microwave digestion procedures.     

肉类制品中微量锶的分离及^87Sr/^86Sr同位素比值测定

利用87Sr/86Sr同位素比值进行生物和古人类源区与迁徙的示踪是Sr同位素技术应用的新领域,也是考古研究和肉类食品溯源研究的新尝试。本研究对牛肉干粉采用酸溶、微波消解和灰化后硝酸提取等不同方法进行消解,比较了它们的离子交换分离效果和Sr同位素测定结果;用石英、石墨和瓷坩埚3种器皿对牛肉干粉进行灰化,检测了灰化器皿对87Sr/86Sr同位素比值的影响,从而确定了石英坩埚灰化的消解方法,建立了适合于肉类制品微量Sr的化学分离方法与87Sr/86Sr同位素比值测定方法。本方法包括肉类制品的石英坩埚灰化、离子交换分离和87Sr/86Sr比值的热离子化质谱测定。所建方法对肉类食品溯源和考古研究等领域富含有机质样品的Sr同位素比值测定具有普适性。     

Ashing of Organic Compounds with Spray-Type Plasma Reactor at Atmospheric Pressure

We examined the ashing treatment at atmospheric pressure by means of three spray-type reactors fed with O₂/He or O₂/Ar mixture gases. These differed in the size or the shape of their nozzles. Such reactors were able to ash an organic compound (OFPR-800; a photoresist) even at atmospheric pressure. The results showed that the following procedures are important for increasing the ashing rate: to make the gas speed after blowing out fast; to decrease the O₂ content while increasing the gas speed; and to use a gas mixture which has a slow decay rate of the active species, such as the oxygen radicals. Especially, when we used O₂/Ar mixture gas for the ashing treatment, the ashing rate became quite fast and was as fast as that of a general low pressure glow plasma.