秦巴山区钮子根茎、叶中微量元素的研究

为研究秦巴山区钮子根茎、叶中微量元素的含量,采用微波消解的方法处理样品,用火焰原子吸收分光光度法分别测定了其K、Na、Mg、Fe、Cu、Mn、Zn、Co、Ni、Pd 10种金属元素的含量,确立了样品消解试剂、微波消解条件,并对样品进行了精密度和回收率试验。结果表明,相对标准偏差在0.772 8%~6.813 7%之间,回收率在94.0%~109.9%之间,钮子根茎、叶中均含有丰富的K、Na、Mg、Fe、Cu、Mn、Zn等金属元素,Co、Ni等有益微量元素的含量次之,Pd的含量最低。     

微波灰化-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定电泳涂料中15种金属元素

建立电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定电泳涂料中15种金属元素的分析方法。以微波灰化方式处理样品,采用碰撞诱导解离(CID)-动能歧视(KED)联合模式消除质谱干扰,实现高浓度元素和痕量元素的同时检测;采取气体稀释模式降低基体干扰并减少高浓度元素对质量检测器的损害。Na、Mg、Al、K、Ca、Fe和Zn质量浓度在0.01~10.0mg/L范围内,Cu、Mn、Ni、Co、Cr、Cd、Ba和Pb的质量浓度在1.0~1000.0 g/L范围内线性关系良好,线性相关系数为0.9991~0.9999,方法检出限为0.3~23μg/kg。测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.6%~3.2%(n=6),样品加标回收率为91.5%~107.0%。该方法可用于汽车电泳涂料中金属元素的检测。     

微波消解-微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱法测定原油和渣油中的铁、镍、铜和钠

采用微波消解技术消解原油和渣油,利用微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱法测定原油和渣油中的Fe、Ni、Cu、Na。考察了原油和渣油的最佳消解条件、各元素测定条件及共存元素对测定的影响。方法对Fe、Ni、Cu和Na元素的检出限分别为22、42、2．0和1．0μg/L;线性范围分别为0．1-100、0．15-50、0．01-5．0和0．006-2．0mg／L,应用该方法测定实际样品中Fe、Ni、Cu和Na的相对标准偏差分别为3．9％、3．6％、5．5％和3．4％。微波消解样品的测定结果与常规干法灰化法的测定结果相吻合。本方法省时、省酸、简便、快速,没有环境污染,具有一定的实际应用价值。     

蔬菜中金属元素测定方法研究

采用微波消解处理样品,应用离子色谱UV-Vis检测和火焰原子吸收法分别测定了蔬菜样品中的金属元素Fe、Cu、Zn、Ni、Ca、Mn和Mg的含量。结果显示,离子色谱UV-Vis检测法测定结果准确,方便快捷。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定新疆洋葱籽中常量/微量元素

采用微波消解法处理样品,以电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定新疆洋葱籽样品中Co、Cr、Ca、K、Mg、P、Fe、Mn、Na、Ni、Sn、Zn、Cd、As、Se、Cu、Mo和V 18种常量/微量元素。结果显示,新疆洋葱籽中含有丰富的K、Mg、P、Ca和Na等常量元素,此外微量元素Fe、Mn、Zn、Cr、Ni、Cu的含量也较丰富。新疆洋葱籽中含有很多对人体有益的常量及微量元素,有较高的药用价值。     

微波消解-高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱(HR-ICP-MS)法测定原油中22种微量元素

准确测定原油中微量元素含量,对研究原油地球化学,揭示原油原产地信息,具有重要意义。本文采用HNO3微波消解原油样品,优化了样品质量、消解试剂、消解程序等微波消解条件,研究了原油中B、Mg、Al、P、Ti、Ca、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、As、Sr、Mo、Cd、Sn、Ba、Pb共22种微量元素在低、中、高分辨率下的质谱干扰及校正方法,采用高分辨测定Ca,中分辨测定P、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu、Cd、Co、Sr,低分辨率模式测定其余元素,建立微波消解-高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱测定原油22种元素的方法。在优化的实验条件下,22种元素的线性相关系数均大于0.999,方法检出限为0.0002μg/g~0.07μg/g。选择原油多元素均质标准品（ConostanS-21）进行方法验证,B、Mg、Al、P、Ti、Ca、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn、Mo、Cd、Sn、Ba、Pb元素测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.20%~2.80%,测定值与标准值基本一致;选择巴西原油、安哥拉原油、喀麦隆原油、尼日利亚原油进行Co、Ga、As、Sr元素加标回收试验,加标回收率为95.3%~104.3%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.2%~2.3%。选取巴西原油、安哥拉原油、喀麦隆原油、尼日利亚原油进行22种元素测定,分析了不同产地原油的元素含量差异。本方法能够应用于原油中多种微量元素的同时测定,灵敏度高,选择性好,检出限低,结果准确可靠,可为原油地球化学研究提供技术支持。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)同时测定正山小种红茶中18种微量元素

采用微波消解样品,应用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)同时测定正山小种红茶中Na、Mg、K、Ca、Fe、Al、Zn、Mn、Cu、Ge、Cd、Cr、Ni、Se、Mo、Hg、As和Pb 18种元素。对于所测元素校准曲线的相关系数0.9990,回收率范围为90.1%～108.1%,相对标准偏差为1.54%～7.57%。正山小种红茶中Na、Mg、K、Ca、Fe、Al、Zn、Mn、Cu、Ge、Cd、Cr、Ni、Se、Mo、Hg、As和Pb 18种元素可用ICP-MS法同时测定,方法简便、快速、准确,灵敏度高。     

微波消解-ICP-AES法测定蒙药通拉嘎-5中的多元素

采用微波消解-ICP-AES法测定了蒙药通拉嘎-5中的Fe、Cu、Cd、Ca、Mg、Mn、Zn、Sr、Co、Ni、Cr 11种金属元素的含量。结果表明,微波消解法具有快速、高效、节约试剂的优点,由于样品在高压密封系统中进行消解,避免了污染,过程易于控制,消解效率高。测定方法的回收率为98.0%~105.5%,RSD为0.6%~2.4%。蒙药通拉嘎-5中含多种金属元素,尤其Ca、Mg、Sr、Fe、Zn的含量较高。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定4,4′-二羟基二苯甲酮中痕量元素的几种前处理方法比较研究

比较了火焰原子吸收光谱法测定4,4′-二羟基二苯甲酮中的痕量元素K、Na、Ca、Fe、Mg、Al时,不同样品前处理方法对测定结果的影响。实验发现,干法灰化、微波消解和胆碱溶液直接溶解三种样品前处理方法得到的测定结果没有显著差异,干法灰化测定结果较其它两种方法略微偏低,说明样品有损失。三种方法的加标回收率为88.1%~105.6%,精密度为1.3%~3.5%。     

火焰原子吸收法测定瑞昌山药中六种金属元素

目的运用火焰原子吸收光谱法对瑞昌山药中的Fe、Zn、Cu、Mg、Ca和Mn 6种金属元素进行测定。方法用浓HNO3湿法微波消解山药样品,采用原子吸收分光光度计测定样品中上述6种金属元素的含量。结果瑞昌山药中含有丰富的所测金属元素。加标回收率在90.0%~109.5%之间,样品相对偏差小于5%,满足测量的要求。结论瑞昌山药中金属元素可作为人体元素的重要补充。     

Application of p-xylenesulphonic acid as ashing reagent in the determination of trace metals in crude oil

The p-xylenesulphonic acid ashing procedure was applied to the determination of Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Na, Ni and Zn in crude petroleum. The optimum acid ratio was 1.0 g per gram of oil for determining Na and Ni and 0.5 g per gram of oil for the other metals determined. The simultaneous ignition of the oil-acid mixture while boiling prevented volatilization losses for Fe, Na and Ni, eliminated the coke residue and reduced the ashing time. The minimum sample size for efficient metal release was 15.0 g. Satisfactory recoveries of added Na and Ni and highly reproducible results were obtained. Results obtained by this method were similar to those obtained by standard methods for the same samples.     

直接稀释进样-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定原油中20种元素

原油样品(2.0g)用稀释剂航空煤油稀释至20.0g后,直接进样供电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定其中银、铝、硼、钡、钙、镉、铬、铜、铁、镁、锰、钼、钠、镍、铅、硅、锡、钛、钒和锌等20种元素的含量。在优化的试验条件下,20种元素的检出限(3S/N)在0.1～3mg·kg-1之间。方法用于分析原油样品,所得测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.24%～6.23%之间,回收率在80%～105%之间。     

Multielemental Analysis of Camellia Oil by Microwave Dry Ashing and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

A simple and practical method is reported for the determination of Mg, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb in camellia oil by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Camellia oil was treated using microwave dry ashing at 380 degree Celsius for carbonization and 550 degree Celsius for ashing in a 110 minute procedure. The operational conditions of the dynamic reaction cell with ammonia as the reaction gas were optimized to minimize interferences. The recoveries and the relative standard deviations of optimized method were between 85.6 and 98.4 percent and 1.1 and 5.5 percent, respectively. The detection limits for Mg, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb were 31, 48, 0.6, 4, 22, 0.4, 0.6, 0.9, 3, and 1 micrograms per kilogram, respectively. The developed method has significant potential for the determination of metals in edible oils.     

Trace elemental characterization of edible oils by ICP-AES and GFAAS

A method for the determination of the inorganic profile in edible oils is proposed. The quantification of selected metals in various oils (olive, pumpkin seed, sunflower, sesame seed, hazelnut, grape, soya, rice oil) was carried out using microwave assisted digestion followed by ICP-AES and GFAAS. The detection power of the ICP-AES technique was sufficient for the determination of Ca, Fe, Mg, Na, and Zn. Since the samples contained very low amounts of Al, Cu, Co, Cr, K, Ni, Mn, and Pb, these elements were measured by GFAAS. Differences of metal concentrations for edible oils obtained in this preliminary study represent a starting basis for the development of an additional analytical procedure applicable for oil characterization.     

Determination of trace elements in olive oil by ICP-AES and ETA-AAS: A pilot study on the geographical characterization

The determination of trace elements in edible oils is important because of both the metabolic role of metals and possibilities for adulteration detection and oil characterization.The most commonly used techniques for the determination of metals in oil samples are inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). For this study, a microwave assisted decomposition of the olive oil in closed vessels using a mixture of nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide was applied as sample preparation.The low achievable LODs enable the determination by ICP-AES of even very low concentrations of most elements of interest. The proposed ICP-AES method permits the determination of Ca, Fe, Mg, Na, and Zn in olive oils. Elements present in small amounts (Al, Co, Cu, K, Mn, Ni) were measured by ETA-AAS in the same sample digest. The concentrations of Al, Co, Cu, K, Mn, and Ni were in the range from 0.15 to 1.5 μg/g and differ according to the geographical origin of the oils. For the amounts of Fe, Mg, Na, and Zn in the samples, no significant differences according to the geographical origin of the oils could be observed, the mean concentrations being 15.31, 3.26, 33.10, and 3.39 μg/g, respectively. The Ca content varies in the range of 1.3 to 9.0 μg/g.The dependency of the trace elemental content of olive oils on their geographical origin can be used for their local characterization.     

Determination of trace elements of some Egyptian crops by instrumental neutron activation,inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometric and flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometric analysis

Instrumental neutron activation analysis was used for the determination of Al, Br, Ca, Ce, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Ti, Th, V and Zn, ICP-AES for the determination Al, Ag, Ba, Be, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Sc, Sr, Ti, V and Zn and flameless AAS for the determination of Cd, Hg and Pb in egg plant, potatoes, green pepper (Leguminosae), vegetable marrow (Cucurbitaceae), pears, apple (Rosaceae), castor oil plant (Euphorbiaceae), lettuce (compositae), dill, parsley, coriander (Umbelliferae), and in some soil samples collected from Aswan province.     

ICP-AES analysis of metal content in shell of mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis from Croatian coastal waters

Metal content in samples of shell of mussel Mytilus galoprovincialis was determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The efficiency of conversion of crude samples into solution by acid digestion in an open plate and in a microwave oven was examined by use of certified reference material of marine sediment and laboratory made standards of calcite and aragonite. Influence of high Ca content matrix on emission intensities of Al, Ba, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sr and Zn was observed as depression of emission signal for most of the measuring elements, ranging from 0.8% to 8%. Greater values were noted at Ba and Ni emission lines. Enhancement of signals was observed for Na and Mg lines. The determination of As, Sb, Se and Sn was performed by HG/ICP-AES. The greater abundance of Sn was found in samples collected near the Al-processing industry centre. No detectable concentrations of As, Sb, and Se were found in shell samples. Results of ICP-AES metal analysis showed that samples collected near harbours, city waste or sewage outlets, and chemical industry centres indicate the certain level of contamination. It is shown that shell analysis provides useful data in determination of marine environment status.     

Determination of mineral and trace element concentrations in pine needles by ICP-OES: evaluation of different sample pre-treatment methods

In the present study, the determination of mineral and trace elements (Al, B, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P and Zn) from pine needles using three sample pre-treatment methods followed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, was examined. Sample pre-treatment methods tested were microwave digestion, ultrasound-assisted digestion and dry ashing. The new ultrasound-assisted digestion method was optimised by the analysis of the standard reference material (SRM) 1575a (pine needles) sample. The speed of dry ashing method was significantly increased by ultrasound dissolution after ashing. All the ICP-OES measurements were performed in robust plasma conditions which were tested by measuring the Mg II 280.270 nm/Mg I 285.213 nm line intensity ratios. The microwave digestion resulted generally in slightly higher element concentrations than ultrasound-assisted digestion. B, Cu and Na resulted in such low concentrations that they could not be accurately determined by using the microwave digestion method. The t-tests found no significant differences between the certified and the determined element concentrations of the SRM 1575a using the dry ashing method followed with ultrasound dissolution.     

微波消解ICP-OES法快速测定雪莲果中的微量元素

微波消解雪莲果样品后,等离子体发射光谱仪一次进样曝光快速测定了钾、钠、钙、镁、铜、铁、锌、锰、钼、镍10种微量元素。结果表明,雪莲果中富含钾、钙、镁等元素。该法一次消解样品、多元素同时测定,准确、快速、精密度高,符合分析要求。     

Determination of metal concentrations in lichen samples by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy technique after applying different digestion procedures

Three digestion procedures have been tested on lichen samples for application in the determination of major, minor and trace elements (Al, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, V and Zn) in lichen samples collected in Aegean Region of Turkey by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES). The acid mixture of concentrated HNO₃, H₂O₂ and HF were used. The instrument was optimized using lichen matrix considering RF power, nebulizer pressure, auxiliary flow rate and pump rate. The accuracy of the overall analyses was first estimated by analysis of two certified reference materials. Good agreement between measured and reference values were found for almost all elements. As the second way of determining the accuracy, results obtained from independent analytical techniques (ICP-AES and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA)) were compared for all elements by analyzing real samples. Correlation coefficients of two techniques for the elements ranged between 0.70 (Mg) and 0.96 (Fe). Among the three digestion systems, namely microwave, open vessel and acid bomb, microwave digestion system gave the best recovery results. The method detection limit (MDL) was computed using reagent blanks of microwave digestion system since it provides cleaner sample preparation. Detection limit is adequate for all elements to determine the elements in lichen samples. The precision was assessed from the replicate analyses of reagent blanks of microwave digestion system and was found to be less than 1.5% relative standard deviation (R.S.D.).