铝基氧化铜干法烟气脱硫及再生研究

采用浸渍法制备了XP型和DS型两种铝基氧化铜脱硫剂，并利用制得的脱硫剂进行了烟气循环脱硫-再生实验，同时利用BET、XRD和EPMA等方法研究了载体性质对脱硫剂性能的影响以及脱硫剂的表面微观结构在脱硫和再生过程的变化。实验和分析表明，用于制备脱硫剂的载体应同时具备较大的比表面积和合适的孔结构，实验条件下制得的铝基氧化铜脱硫剂的脱硫效率可达90％，该脱硫剂在多次循环脱硫-再生过程中性能保持稳定。     

钛酸锌脱硫剂硫化过程的动力学分析

利用固定床反应器对钛酸锌高温煤气脱硫剂硫化过程的动力学进行了研究,考察了硫化反应温度、H2S体积分数对脱硫反应过程的影响。结果表明,脱硫剂具有良好的脱硫反应活性,在400 ℃～600 ℃,脱硫剂的硫化反应速率随着硫化反应温度的升高、反应器入口H2S 体积分数的增大而增大。在实验数据的基础上,利用等效粒子模型对其反应动力学进行了分析,发现该脱硫剂的硫化反应主要受固体内扩散控制,固体内扩散活化能为 61.4 kJ/mol,相应的频率因子为 4.4×105 m2/min。硫化反应后脱硫剂比表面积、孔体积显著减小,脱硫剂表面有颗粒聚集物存在,进一步验证了该脱硫剂的硫化反应主要是通过产物层的体相扩散控制的。     

炭基锌铁锰高温脱硫剂硫化再生行为的研究

采用共沉淀法制备了炭基锌铁锰高温脱硫剂,在固定床装置上研究了锌铁锰物质的量比对脱除硫化氢性能的影响,并进行3次硫化和再生循环实验,同时脱硫剂的新鲜样、硫化样及再生样通过XRD、BET和SEM等测试手段进行表征.实验结果表明,炭基铁酸锌添加氧化锰后,其脱硫效果和机械强度得到有效改善.当锌铁锰物质的量比为1∶2∶0.8,一次硫容达55.78g/100g,机械强度大于40N/cm;在分段升温至650℃时的再生过程中,无明显烧结;在3次循环实验中,硫化再生后脱硫剂的机械强度均大于新鲜样品,孔容积和比表面积都与新鲜样品相近,脱硫活性仍然保持较高水平.     

免预硫化的加氢脱硫MoNiP/Al2O3催化剂的制备和表征

在Mo-Ni-P-O浸渍液中添加一定量的极性有机物如柠檬酸等,采用共浸渍法制备了一种不需预硫化和焙烧也具有较高加氢脱硫活性的MoNiP/Al2O3催化剂,并用N2吸附、程序升温还原、X射线光电子能谱、红外光谱和元素分析对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,柠檬酸的添加削弱了金属组分与载体间的相互作用,有利于金属组分在载体表面的分散,且改善了催化剂的还原性,使催化剂在与含硫反应物料接触过程中自发硫化,从而有利于催化剂加氢脱硫活性的提高.     

SO_2气氛下半焦负载Zn/Fe/Ce高温煤气脱硫剂的再生行为研究

以共沉淀法制备了半焦负载Zn/Fe/Ce(物质的量比1.0∶2.0∶0.6)高温煤气脱硫剂,在固定床装置上研究了再生反应温度、进口SO2浓度以及再生气空速对再生性能的影响,并进行三次硫化-再生循环测试。采用XRD、SEM、BET等测试手段对脱硫剂的新鲜样、硫化样及再生样进行了表征。实验结果表明,半焦负载Zn/Fe/Ce高温煤气脱硫剂在SO2气氛下600℃就能发生再生反应,且再生后的主要产物为ZnFe2O4、CeO2和单质硫;最佳再生条件为,再生温度700℃、进口SO2体积分数为12%、再生气空速为5 000 h-1。脱硫剂经过多次硫化-再生循环后,脱硫剂仍能保持较好的硫化活性。     

高温煤气脱硫 Ⅰ．铁锌基脱硫剂脱硫工艺条件及硫化动力学

用自制的铁酸锌高温煤气脱硫剂研究了硫化氢浓度、硫化温度、空速对脱硫反应及脱硫剂物理性质的影响。结果表明：铁酸锌脱硫剂的反应活性随着Ｈ２Ｓ浓度及硫化温度的升高而升高，脱硫温度为５５０℃时，脱硫剂的硫容量最高，脱硫剂的物理性质基本保持不变；硫化空速为８５０ｈ￣（－１）时，空速和反应时间同时达到最大值。硫化反应可用未反应核收缩模型描述，得到了转化率与时间之间的动力学方程。     

铁掺杂纳米ZnO室温脱硫剂的硫化及再生研究

为降低纳米ZnO脱硫剂的应用成本及避免对环境产生二次污染,本文对均匀沉淀法制备的铁掺杂纳米ZnO脱硫剂(FZ5.0)进行了硫化和再生循环试验研究,并利用XRD、XPS和TEM等表征手段对FZ5.0的硫化及再生前后的结构进行了分析。结果表明,脱硫剂表面存在3种脱硫产物,HS、S形成的吸附配合物和ZnS,370 ℃时可直接通入空气进行连续5次再生。经过第1次再生后纳米脱硫剂结构便趋于稳定,并在后面的循环过程中表现出较稳定的脱硫活性,但与新鲜脱硫剂相比较,其脱硫活性是新鲜脱硫剂的50%左右。再生过程中主要产物为SO₂气体,还有少量的硫酸盐生成,再生后样品的晶粒尺寸、形貌变化不大,但比表面积和孔容变化明显,这也是导致脱硫活性下降的主要原因。     

高温煤气脱硫

用自制的铁酸锌高温煤气脱硫剂研究了硫化氢浓度、硫化温度、空速对脱硫反应及脱硫剂物理性质的影响。结果表明：铁酸锌脱硫剂的反应的活性随着Ｈ２Ｓ浓度及硫化的升而而升高，脱硫温度为５５０℃时，脱硫剂的硫容量最高，脱硫剂的物理性质基本保持不变；硫化空速为８５０ｈ＾－１时，空速和反应时间同时达到最大值，硫化反应可用未反应核收缩模型描述，得到了转化率与时间之间的动力学方程     

超临界水中煤基多孔炭孔隙形成过程的研究

在半连续超临界水反应器(SCWR)中考察了不同温度、反应时间下昭通褐煤的转化特性,结合半焦有机官能团及碳微晶结构分析,推测在超临界水中半焦孔隙的形成过程以及煤中矿物质的作用。结果表明,超临界水首先快速萃取出褐煤热解产物,促进了半焦石墨化,形成良好的炭素前驱体,此过程对半焦孔结构基本无作用;当温度高于550 ℃,炭素前驱体发生气化反应,产生了较多的C-O-C交联结构,比表面积明显提高,逐渐形成多孔炭材料;脱灰后的煤在升温过程中具有更高的萃取率,形成有利于微孔产生的炭素前驱体,煤中的矿物质更有利于中孔的形成。     

半焦的多循环气化活性及微观结构分析

为了研究工业流化床气化条件下多循环过程中半焦的气化活性及微观结构变化规律,在快速反应固定床装置上,对三种不同煤阶的半焦进行了模拟多循环气化.通过残焦质量计算得到了循环次数对半焦碳转化率的影响,并利用孔隙分析仪和XRD分析仪考察了半焦的微观结构变化.结果表明,随循环次数的增加,低阶霍林河褐煤半焦的转化率增加,而神木烟煤和晋城无烟煤半焦的转化率降低.多循环过程中"冷淬"效应的存在使得半焦的BET比表面积和微孔比表面积随循环次数呈"山形"趋势变化,而石墨化结构与转化率的变化趋势一致,是决定碳转化率变化的决定性因素.     

Desulfurization kinetics of ZnO sorbent loaded on semi-coke support for hot coal gas

Zn-based sorbent (Z20SC) prepared through semi-coke support in 20 wt% zinc nitrate solution by high-pressure impregnation presents an excellent desulfurization capacity in hot coal gas,in which H2 S can not be nearly detected in the outlet gas before 20 h breakthrough time.The effects of the main operational conditions and the particle size of Z20SC sorbent on its desulfurization performances sorbent were investigated in a fixed-bed reactor and the desulfurization kinetics of Z20SC sorbent removing H2 S from hot coal gas was calculated based on experimental data.Results showed that the conversion of Z20SC sorbent desulfurization reaction increased with the decrease of the particle size of the sorbent and the increases of gas volumetric flow rate,reaction temperature and H 2 S content in inlet gas.Z20SC sorbent obtained from hydrothermal synthesis by high-pressure impregnation possessed much larger surface area and pore volume than semi-coke support,and they were significantly reduced after the desulfurization reaction.The equivalent grain model was reasonably used to analyze experimental data,in which k s=4.382×10-3 exp(-8.270×103/RgT) and Dep=1.262×10-4exp(1.522×104/RgT).It suggests that the desulfurization reaction of the Z20SC sorbent is mainly controlled by the chemical reaction in the initial stage and later by the diffusion through the reacted sorbent layer.     

Impact of impregnation pressure on desulfurization performance of Zn-based sorbents supported on semi-coke

High-pressure impregnation, a new preparation method for sorbents to remove H2S from hot coal gas, is introduced in this paper. Semi-coke (SC) and ZnO is selected as the support and active component of sorbent, respectively. The sorbent preparation process includes high-pressure impregnation, filtration, ovendry and calcination. The aim of this research is to primarily study the effects of the impregnation pressure on physical properties and desulfurization ability of the sorbent. The desulfurization experiment was carried out in a fixed-bed reactor at 500°C and a simulated coal gas used in this work was composed of CO (33 vol%), H2 (39 vol%), H2S (300 ppm in volume), and N2 (balance). Experimental results show that the pore structure of the SC support can be improved effectively and ZnO active component can be uniformly dispersed on the support, with the small particle size of 10-500 nm. Sorbents prepared using high-pressure impregnation have better desulfurization capacity and their active components have higher utilization rate. P20-ZnSC sorbent, obtained by high-pressure impregnation at 20 atm, has the best desulfurization ability with a sulfur capacity of 7.54 g S/100g sorbent and a breakthrough time of 44 h. Its desulfurization precision and efficiency of removing H2S from the middle temperature gases can reach <1 ppm and >99.7%, respectively, before sorbent breakthrough.     

半焦吸附剂烟气脱硫脱硝性能

采用廉价半焦为原料,经硝酸氧化和高温热处理改性后,负载金属氧化物制备半焦吸附剂,考察吸附剂的脱硫脱硝性能和再生性能,并利用BET、TEM和TPD等手段研究影响半焦吸附剂性能的内在因素.结果表明,当烟气组成为NO-O2-N2时,吸附剂具有良好的脱硝性能,失活吸附剂经水洗再生后,脱硝活性恢复较好;当烟气组成为SO2-O2-...     

Preparation of γ-Al2O3 sorbents loaded with metal components and removal of thiophene from coking benzene

Series sorbents of Cu, Zn, Ni, Ce and Ag metal components supported on γ-Al₂O₃ carrier for removing thiophene from benzene were prepared by conventional and ultrasound-assisted incipient-wetness impregnation method. The static adsorption experiments were carried out in the thiophene-benzene solution with thiophene concentration of 500?mg/L. The results show that the desulfurization activity of all γ-Al₂O₃ sorbents modified by different metal components obviously increase, among which the sorbent modified by silver nitrate has the best performance. The active components of sorbents from Cu, Zn, Ni, Ce nitrates loaded on γ-Al₂O₃ carrier are their oxides. Besides Ag₂O, the products of silver nitrate thermal decomposition in sorbent prepared still have Ag⁰ and Ag–O–Al species. The assistant ultrasound in the process of sorbent preparation can not only shorten the impregnation time, but also enrich the pore structure of sorbent and improve the size and distribution of the Ag species, which is favorable to the removal of thiophene from benzene. The desulfurization capacity of sorbent changes with the Ag content loaded. The sorbent with 15?% quality content of Ag prepared by ultrasound-assisted impregnation method has the highest desulfurization efficiency. It could reduce the thiophene concentration to 1.7?mg/L from 500?mg/L at room temperature and ambient pressure, with the desulfurization efficiency of more than 99?%, when the ratio of sorbent to solution was 1:4?(g/mL).     

VOSO_4/活性炭上常压催化氧化乳酸乙酯合成丙酮酸乙酯

以氧化改性活性炭为载体,用浸渍法制备了系列VOSO4/活性炭催化剂(VO/ACO).采用FT-IR、XRD、ICP和比表面及孔结构测定等表征了催化剂组成与结构.考察了VO/ACO催化剂在常压分子氧氧化乳酸乙酯中的催化作用.结果表明,氧化活性炭是氧钒催化剂的有效载体,以pH=3的VOSO4溶液浸渍得到的VO-3/ACO催化剂具有优良的催化性能,在二氯乙烷中常压,80℃反应18 h,乳酸乙酯转化完全,丙酮酸乙酯的选择性达95.2%.催化剂重复使用三次后的性能基本保持不变.     

汽油活性炭基脱硫吸附剂的制备与评价

以250℃温度下浓硫酸改性后的活性炭为载体,采用浸渍法制备了以MnO₂为活性组分的活性炭基的汽油脱硫吸附剂MnO₂/AC,考察了吸附剂的制备条件及脱硫条件对脱硫效果的影响。研究结果表明,适宜的吸附剂制备条件为,以Mn(NO₃)₂为活性组分前驱物,Mn(NO)₂浸渍液浓度0.15mol/L、常温下浸渍24h、焙烧温度350℃、焙烧时间2h。该吸附剂在静态吸附温度120℃、吸附时间2h、剂油质量比0.10的条件下可使原料油硫的质量分数从628.6×10^-6降至221.5×10^-6,脱硫率达到64.8%;在动态吸附温度60℃、空速1.76h^-1的条件下,初始流出汽油硫的质量分数降至21.8×10^-6,初始脱硫率达到96.5%。     

Desulfurization of liquid fuels by adsorption on carbon-based sorbents and ultrasound-assisted sorbent regeneration

Several carbon-based adsorbents, CuCl/AC, PdCl2/AC, and Pd/AC (where AC denotes activated carbon), were studied for desulfurization of a model jet fuel by selective adsorption of thiophenic molecules. Comparisons with gamma-Al2O3 support and desulfurization of a commercial jet fuel were also studied. The results showed that the selective sulfur adsorption capacity of PdCl2 was higher than that of CuCl and Pd(0), in agreement with molecular orbital results. It was also found that the activated carbon is the best support for pi-complexation sorbents to remove sulfur-containing compounds, i.e., benzothiophene and methylbenzothiophene. Among all the adsorbents studied, PdCl2/AC had the highest capacity for desulfurization. A significant synergistic effect was observed between the carbon substrate and the supported pi-complexation sorbent, and this effect was explained by a geometric effect. The saturated sorbent was regenerated by desorption assisted by ultrasound with a solvent of 30 wt % benzene and 70 wt % n-octane. The results showed that the amount of sulfur desorbed was higher with ultrasound, 65 wt % desorption vs 45 wt % without ultrasound in a static system at 50 degrees C.     

活性炭（焦）低温吸附催化脱除H2S的基础研究

以活性炭、活性焦作为脱硫剂,并应用BET、XPS等测试手段对其进行分析表征。结果表明,活性炭（焦）的脱硫能力与其表面酸碱性有着密切的关系,增加表面上起碱性作用的π-π^﹡键,羰基官能团（C-O和醚基官能团（C-O）的浓度,可增加其表面催化作用,特别是C-O官能团;反应温度对活性炭（焦）的脱硫性能有很大的影响,脱硫剂在150℃～180℃活性高,硫容大,副反应少;水蒸气对活性炭（焦）脱除H₂S有促进作用。     

Preparation of a kind of mesoporous carbon and its performance in adsorptive desulfurization

Carbon materials were prepared using mesoporous silica HMS with different pore sizes as the hard templates and water-soluble phenolic resin as the carbon source. The obtained materials were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and N₂ physical adsorption, and were used in adsorptive desulfurization. It has been shown that the carbon material prepared using HMS with larger pore size (>3 nm) presented uniform wormlike mesopore of 2.3 nm and large BET surface area (1903 m²/g). The mesoporous carbon was an excellent adsorbent to remove the refractory sulfur compound in diesel, especially dibenzothiophene and 4, 6-dimethyldibenzothiophene.     

Reactive adsorption of thiophene on Ni/ZnO adsorbent：Effect of ZnO textural structure on the desulfurization activity

To better understand the nature of reactive adsorption of thiophene on Ni/ZnO adsorbent, the effect of ZnO textural structure on the desulfurization activity was investigated. ZnO materials were synthesized by low-temperature solid-state reaction and the corresponding Ni/ZnO adsorbents were prepared by incipient impregnation method. The analysis results showed that the crystalline sizes of ZnO as-synthesized as well as the BET surface areas varied obviously with the calcination temperature. The activity evaluations indicated that the Ni/ZnO adsorbents prepared with ZnO possessed a favorable textural structure as active component exhibited good activity of removing thiophene. The evolutions of the main crystalline phases of Ni/ZnO adsorbents before and after reaction confirmed that ZnO played a crucial role in taking up S element and converting it into ZnS in the reactive adsorption process. It was concluded that ZnO with larger surface area and smaller crystal particles resulted in better desulfurization activity, which may be the main reason for the different activities of the Ni/ZnO adsorbents prepared with ZnO calcined at different temperatures.