牛顿力学体系中固体力学研究框架的几点注记

本文从四十多年前遇到并解决的三个与固体力学和结构力学相关的机械强度与振动的问题谈起。当时在分析与解决这些问题的方法时,思考并领悟到如何从结构的构形与几何约束、结构承受的外载的性质和结构材料的秉性与行为着眼,实质上就是从以牛顿力学体系的外载(F)、质点质量(m)和物体运动的加速度(a)(即物体的位移、速度、加速度等运动表现的力学运动的几何量)的运动行为作为三个最基本的视点并描述它们之间的联系,在拓广后给出可变形固体力学分析的基本框架。进而刻画出在20世纪70年代、90年代和21世纪初的固体力学的基本框架及其框架内每个不同构元的联系与演进,并以图1,2,3表示。随着现代科技的发展,这一框架下的分析方法近些年已经扩展到更广泛的科技疆域,并在与其他学科的交缘的过程中揭示新的交缘变量的演化方程。人们还期望进入更小和更大尺度时空,研究更广泛的物质包括信息的生成与传递、有生命物质的运动和各种“极端”的力学环境条件下的力学现象,这些新的疆域将是明天的力学工作者耕耘的新天地。     

牛顿力学体系中固体力学研究框架的几点注记

本文从四十多年前遇到并解决的三个与固体力学和结构力学相关的机械强度与振动的问题谈起。当时在分析与解决这些问题的方法时,思考并领悟到如何从结构的构形与几何约束、结构承受的外载的性质和结构材料的秉性与行为着眼,实质上就是从以牛顿力学体系的外载(F)、质点质量(m)和物体运动的加速度(a)(即物体的位移、速度、加速度等运动表现的力学运动的几何量)的运动行为作为三个最基本的视点并描述它们之间的联系,在拓广后给出可变形固体力学分析的基本框架。进而刻画出在20世纪70年代、90年代和21世纪初的固体力学的基本框架及其框架内每个不同构元的联系与演进,并以图1,2,3表示。随着现代科技的发展,这一框架下的分析方法近些年已经扩展到更广泛的科技疆域,并在与其他学科的交缘的过程中揭示新的交缘变量的演化方程。人们还期望进入更小和更大尺度时空,研究更广泛的物质包括信息的生成与传递、有生命物质的运动和各种"极端"的力学环境条件下的力学现象,这些新的疆域将是明天的力学工作者耕耘的新天地。     

《固体力学学报》征稿简则

1．本刊是固体力学学科的学术性刊物。主要登载具有创造性的固体力学理论、实验和应用研究论文、各重要分支问题的评述和展望以及研究简报与学术讨论等,广泛交流学术界所取得的新研究成果,以促进固体力学学科的发展并加快与其它学科的交叉融合。读者对象是从事固体力学工作的科研与工程技术人员、高等院校教师和研究生。本刊有中、英文两个版本,向国内外公开发行。     

《固体力学学报》征稿简则北大核心CSCD

1．本刊是同体力学学科的学术性刊物。主要登载具有创造性的固体力学理论、实验和应用研究论文、各重要分支问题的评述和展望以及研究简报与学术讨论等,广泛交流学术界所取得的新研究成果,以促进固体力学学科的发展。读者对象是从事固体力学工作的科研与工程技术人员、高等院校教师和研究生。本刊有中、英文两个版本,向国内外公开发行。     

《固体力学学报》征稿简则

1.本刊是固体力学学科的学术性刊物。主要登载具有创造性的固体力学理论、实验和应用研究论文、各重要分支问题的评述和展望以及研究简报与学术讨论等,广泛交流学术界所取得的新研究成果,以促进固体力学学科的发展。读者对象是从事固体力学工作的科研与工程技术人员、高等院校教师和研究生。本刊有中、英文两个版本,向国内外公开发行。2.文稿必须是未在其它刊物上发表的论文。     

《固体力学学报》征稿简则

1.本刊是固体力学学科的学术性刊物。主要登载具有创造性的固体力学理论、实验和应用研究论文、各重要分支问题的评述和展望以及研究简报与学术讨论等,广泛交流学术界所取得的新研究成果,以促进固体力学学科的发展。读者对象是从事固体力学工作的科研与工程技术人员、高等院校教师和     

从国家自然科学基金的申请与资助看固体力学的发展

固体力学是整个力学学科中研究规模最大的分支学科,一直得到国家自然科学基金长期稳定的支持。本文对2001-2009年度力学科学处面上项目、青年科学基金和地区科学基金项目的申请和资助情况进行介绍,重点分析了固体力学学科基金申请和资助状况,展示了我国固体力学学科的发展现状,提出了促进固体力学学科发展的建议和措施。     

21世纪初的力学发展趋势

回顾力学发展史，阐明在科技发展过程中力学对于认识自然规律和解决工程技术问题中的地位和作用；提出在固体力学、流体力学、一般力学以及有关力学的若干交叉学科领域中的一些重要研究课题；展望２１世纪（特别是２１世纪前期）的力学发展趋势．     

21世纪初的力学发展趋势

回顾力学发展史，阐明在科技发展过程中力学对于认识自然规律和解决工程技术问题中的地位和作用；提出在固体力学、流体力学、一般力学以及有关力学的若干交叉学科领域中的一些重要研究课题；展望２１世纪（特别是２１世纪前期）的力学发展趋势。     

固体力学与材料科学交缘的几个新课题

固体力学与材料科学的交缘是当今力学学科发展的一种新趋势．先进材料的研制与发展,引发了固体力学家对丰富多采的材料的微结构变形与损伤过程进行定量力学描述的浓厚兴趣．本文综述了下列三个固体力学与材料科学交缘的新课题:①微电子材料与组件力学;②材料强韧化力学,③多相介质的界面力学．并对这一交缘学科的发展趋势进行了简要的评介与展望．      

G. N. Savin and the Lviv school of mechanics

Fragments of the development of the Lviv school of mechanics in the early postwar years (1945–1952) and the role of Academician G. N. Savin in its establishment are highlighted. Much attention is given to the scientific achievements of Savin in solid mechanics, including solutions to fundamental and applied problems of stress concentration around holes in plates and shells. Mention is also made of original solutions to some problems in mechanics that stimulated solution of new fundamental and applied problems in solid mechanics and engineering and establishment and development of the Lviv school of mechanics __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 16–36, January 2007.     

高速铁路工程中若干典型力学问题

高速铁路是一个复杂的系统工程,涉及一系列关键力学问题.本文讨论高速铁路工程中的3个关键固体力学问题:高速铁路轮轨滚动接触力学问题、高速列车关键结构部件疲劳问题和高速列车与线路结构动态相互作用问题;概述了其研究进展与工程应用;提出了今后进一步结合高速铁路工程需求的研究方向.     

Mechanics of crack propagation in materials with initial (residual) stresses (review)

Major results on the mechanics of crack propagation in materials with initial (residual) stresses are analyzed. The case of straight cracks of constant width that propagate at a constant speed in a material with initial (residual) stresses acting along the cracks is examined. The results were obtained, based on linearized solid mechanics, in a universal form for isotropic and orthotropic, compressible and incompressible elastic materials with an arbitrary elastic potential in the cases of finite (large) and small initial strains. The stresses and displacements in the linearized theory are expressed in terms of analytical functions of complex variables when solving dynamic plane and antiplane problems. These complex variables depend on the crack propagation rate and the material properties. The exact solutions analyzed were obtained for growing (mode I, II, III) cracks and the case of wedging by using methods of complex variable theory, such as Riemann–Hilbert problem methods and the Keldysh–Sedov formula. As the initial (residual) stresses tend to zero, these exact solutions of linearized solid mechanics transform into the respective exact solutions of classical linear solid mechanics based on the Muskhelishvili, Lekhnitskii, and Galin complex representations. New mechanical effects in the dynamic problems under consideration are analyzed. The influence of initial (residual) stresses and crack propagation rate is established. In addition, the following two related problems are briefly analyzed within the framework of linearized solid mechanics: growing cracks at the interface of two materials with initial (residual) stresses and brittle fracture under compression along cracks     

三峡工程中的若干力学问题

简要介绍了三峡水利枢纽工程概况，工程建设中主要技术难点，以及几个主要工程力学问题，包括流体力学、固体力学、二相流及爆破力学等问题．结合三峡工程侧重叙述岩石（体）力学应考虑的新问题．大型岩土工程是庞大的复杂系统，岩石力学涉及众多学科．建议应用系统工程的理论和方法研究岩石（体）力学，使其在国民经济中发挥更大作用，在岩石（体）力学研究中还需针对不同的目标、任务考虑各种非线性问题．因此，岩石（体）力学应与工程问题更紧密地结合．     

Modified virtual internal bond model based on deformable Voronoi particles

In last time, the series of virtual internal bond model was proposed for solving rock mechanics problems. In these models, the rock continuum is considered as a structure of discrete particles connected by normal and shear springs(bonds). It is well announced that the normal springs structure corresponds to a linear elastic solid with a fixed Poisson ratio, namely, 0.25 for threedimensional cases. So the shear springs used to represent the diversity of the Poisson ratio.However, the shearing force calculation is not rotationally invariant and it produce difficulties in application of these models for rock mechanics problems with sufficient displacements. In this letter, we proposed the approach to support the diversity of the Poisson ratio that based on usage of deformable Voronoi cells as set of particles. The edges of dual Delaunay tetrahedralization are considered as structure of normal springs(bonds). The movements of particle's centers lead to deformation of tetrahedrals and as result to deformation of Voronoi cells. For each bond, there are the corresponded dual face of some Voronoi cell. We can consider the normal bond as some beam and in this case, the appropriate face of Voronoi cell will be a cross section of this beam. If during deformation the Voronoi face was expand, then, according Poisson effect, the length of bond should be decrees. The above mechanism was numerically investigated and we shown that it is acceptable for simulation of elastic behavior in 0.1–0.3 interval of Poisson ratio. Unexpected surprise is that proposed approach give possibility to simulate auxetic materials with negative Poisson's ratio in interval from –0.5 to –0.1.     

Computational model of boundary integral equation in solid mechanics

In the first part of the paper, the computational model of boundary integral equation in solid mechanics is presented while in the second part the model is used in the solution of two problems of solid mechanics.     

Damage and self-similarity in fracture

Consider applications of damage mechanics to material failure. The damage variable introduced in damage mechanics quantifies the deviation of a brittle solid from linear elasticity. An analogy between the metastable behavior of a stressed brittle solid and the metastable behavior of a superheated liquid is established. The nucleation of microcracks is analogous to the nucleation of bubbles in the superheated liquid. In this paper we have applied damage mechanics to four problems. The first is the instantaneous application of a constant stress to a brittle solid. The results are verified by applying them to studies of the rupture of chipboard and fiberglass panels. We then obtain a solution for the evolution of damage after the instantaneous application of a constant strain. It is shown that the subsequent stress relaxation can reproduce the modified Omori’s law for the temporal decay of aftershocks following an earthquake. Obtained also are the solutions for application of constant rates of stress and strain. A fundamental question is the cause of the time delay associated with damage and microcracks. It is argued that the microcracks themselves cause random fluctuations similar to the thermal fluctuations associated with phase changes.     

F0RMULATION OF BOUNDARY ELEMENT-LINEAR COMPLEMENTARY EQUATION FOR THE FRICTIONAL ELASTIC CONTACT PROBLEMS

Boundary element-linear complementary equations are formulated to solve elasticcontact problems with Coulomb frictions.It is also a new attempt to solve free boundaryproblems in solid mechanics by means of boundary element-mathematical programmingtechniques.     

裂纹技术的基本原理与应用研究进展

本文介绍裂纹技术的基本原理及其应用。裂纹技术通过使裂纹沿给定路线扩展去达到切割材料的目的,它由魏庆同和郎福元在文[2]中首次提出。本文还概要讨论了裂纹技术中四个典型的力学问题,特别是断裂力学的逆问题。笔者希望这篇文章能够引起国内外学者对裂纹技术及其问题的关注。