LARED-H程序的激光黑腔靶耦合数值模拟

LARED-H程序是一个可用于激光黑腔靶耦合数值模拟研究的二维辐射流体力学程序。黑腔等离子体所形成的复杂流场使单纯的拉格朗日网格在计算中产生严重扭曲，影响计算精度，并导致计算中断。拉氏加网格重分是计算激光黑腔靶耦合常用的算法。对LARED-H程序的积分网格重分方法在网格重构和物理量重映方面作了较大改进，并利用改进后的LARED-H程序模拟了“神光”-Ⅱ和“神光”-Ⅲ条件下的激光空腔靶耦合物理全过程。     

弹塑性流体力学拉氏自适应网格和网格重分守恒重映数值模拟方法

拉氏自适应重分弹塑性流体力学有限元程序实现了网格完全自适应，具有良好、灵活的非结构自适应网格数据结构，实现了滑移界面两边(接触间断)网格动态调整，网格的细分和合并处理灵活，网格重分和网格自适应模块兼容、守恒重映，网格重分中采用多种方法控制新网格的质量，爆轰计算可采用Lee-Tarver的化学反应率模式。初步数值计算结果表明，弹塑性流体力学拉氏自适应重分数值模拟方法合理，计算结果正确，基本反映了流场的物理结构。     

求解二维Euler方程有限单元边插值的降维重构算法

数值求解二维Euler方程的有限体积法（如k-exact，WENO重构、紧致重构等），无一例外地要进行耗时的网格单元上的二维重构.然而这些二维重构最后仅用于确定网格单元边界上高斯积分点处的解值，单元上二维重构似乎并非必需的.因此，文章提出用网格边上的一维重构来取代有限体积法中网格单元上的二维重构，分别在一致矩形网格和非结构三角形网格上发展了基于网格边重构的求解二维Euler方程的新方法，称为降维重构算法.数值算例表明该算法可以计算有强激波的无黏流动问题，且有较高的计算效率.      

二维拉氏自适应流体动力学（LAD2D）软件研制

二维拉氏自适应流体动力学软件LAD2D，是采用建立在拉氏自适应结构和非结构网格上的有限体积格式，可以计算平面二维和柱对称二维多物质大变形弹塑性流体动力学问题。LAD2D软件系统主要由5部分组成：主控程序、数据模块、前处理模块、主体计算模块、网格模块和后处理模块。其中主体计算采用了结构网格与非结构网格联合使用的拉氏网格体系，计算格式采用了有限体积格式。网格模块包括网格生成、自适应网格加密（AMR技术）和网格重分技术，以及网格改变后物理量守恒重映技术。LAD2D软件系统由主体程序、二维网格生成程序（GRID2D）、二维自适应网格加密程序（AMR2D）、二维自适应程序（ADAPT2D）f[I-维物理量重映程序（REMAP2D）组成。     

辐射流体力学的分子动理学自适应加密方法(英文)

通过构造新的平衡分布函数和结合分区自适应网格加密方法,对不带扩散项的平衡辐射流体力学方程,构造二阶的分子动理学BGK-AMR格式.一方面在关心的计算区域中局部加密计算网格,提高计算精度的同时大大节省了计算网格数量和计算时间;另一方面,不同于已有的参数强耦合平衡分布函数,新构造的平衡分布函数中各参数不相互依赖,简化了辐射流体力学分子动理学格式的计算.一维和二维的数值算例显示了格式的性能.     

流场自适应叉树网格数值模拟三维复杂超声速流场

建立了基于分区结构网格的三维贴体叉树形网格的数据结构,并阐述了在此基础上进行自适应分裂/合并判别方法.为节省网格量和保证流场结构捕捉质量,提出对自适应程度进行区域性控制,以及对流场结构进行"保护"性预加密的优化方式.通过应用该网格对三维复杂超声速流场算例的计算,证明该方法对网格加密控制方便,对流场结构分辨率高.     

含运动物体流场计算的自适应非结构二维网格生成方法

采用自动插点的Delaunay方法和局部网格重新生成方法,对含运动边界自适应非结构二维网格生成方法进行了系统研究,实现了带有非定常运动物体流场的数值计算,并进行了数值实验.     

求解Euler方程的隐式无网格算法

研究了求解Eluer方程的稳式无网格算法，用点云离散计算区域，代替通常的网格划分；在当地点云上，引入二次平方极小曲面逼近计算空间导数，用Roe的近似Riemann解确定通量；并用LU-SGS算法求解离散得到的Euler方程稳式时间后差联立方程组，数值模拟了二维翼型跨音速绕流，由于无网格算法区域离散只涉及点云，具有灵活性，适合处理复杂的气动外形。     

一种非结构/结构多层混合网格方法及其应用

对于粘性绕流的数值模拟,在自适应直角网格基础上,结合三角形非结构网格和结构化网格,利用其各自的优势和特点,提出一种生成混合杂交网格的思路和方法.在物面附近生成适合粘性流计算的大长宽比结构化网格,在远场分布自适应直角网格,快速离散计算空间.对于复杂的多体问题,采用三角形网格来连接各体网格,并运用网格合并的方法,保证各网格之间的光滑过渡与连接,提高网格质量.针对一些二维、三维外形的绕流问题,在上述网格基础上,采用B-L代数湍流模型和中心有限体积法,完成Navier-Stokes和Euler方程数值模拟的对比计算,结果表明网格生成和流场计算是正确的.     

二维三温辐射流体力学拉氏计算中的子网格压力方法

研究对应于电子压、离子压、光子压的扰动隅角力的计算方法,提出二维三温辐射流体力学拉氏计算中的两种子网格压力方法,即基于状态方程和基于几何的方法.数值试验表明,这两种方法均能很好地抑制二维三温辐射流体力学拉氏计算中出现的网格非物理畸变.     

Theory of infra-red and optical spectra of antiferromagnets

The contributions of magnons to the optical properties of antiferromagnets having the rutile structure are discussed. The properties considered are electric-dipole active two-magnon absorption in the infra-red, and magnon sidebands on sharp-line exciton transitions in the visible. The discussion is based on a thorough treatment of the properties of excitons and magnons in the antiferromagnetically ordered state. The site-group and space-group symmetries of the magnetic excitations are derived and the selection rules for electric and magnetic dipole transitions are determined. The occurrence of magnetic Davydov splittings of the excitons is investigated, and their symmetry properties throughout the Brillouin zone are derived. The functional dependences of exciton energy on wave vector are calculated. Applications of the theory are made to experimental results on excitons and magnons in MnF₂, FeF₂ and CoF₂.

The possible mechanisms for two-magnon and magnon-sideband absorption are discussed, and the influence of crystal symmetry on these mechanisms is described. The two-magnon state responsible for electric-dipole absorption is identified and selection rules for electric-dipole activity are presented. A spin Hamiltonian for the two-magnon process is set up and used to derive expressions for absorption coefficients for electric vector parallel and perpendicular to the crystal c-axis. Comparison with experiment for MnF₂ yields numerical values for the parameters of the basic coupling mechanism. The exciton-magnon states which give rise to magnon-sideband absorption are explicitly constructed and electric-dipole selection rules are derived for all possible types of sideband. Spin Hamiltonians for the various magnonsideband absorption processes are presented and used to derive expressions for sideband shapes. The results are applied to the experimental spectra for MnF₂ and FeF₂ and the sideband shapes in MnF₂ are calculated numerically. The sideband shapes observable in emission spectra are also briefly discussed.     

外电场下BN分子的结构及性质

采用QCISD方法研究了BN基态分子在不同场强条件下的稳定构型及激发态性质。分析了外电场对BN分子键长、总能量、能级、谐振频率和红外谱强度以及对BN分子前10个激发态的激发能、振子强度等的影响。结果表明随着正向电场的逐渐增大, BN分子键长先减小后增大;分子总能量则先增大后减小;分子电偶极矩μ增大;费米能级和能隙均减小。谐振频率及红外谱强度均随正向电场的增大而增大。由基态到第1激发态的波长减小,激发能增大,而基态至第2－10激发态的波长增大而激发能减小。     

外电场下BN分子的结构及性质

采用QCISD方法研究了BN基态分子在不同场强条件下的稳定构型及激发态性质。分析了外电场对BN分子键长、总能量、能级、谐振频率和红外谱强度以及对BN分子前10个激发态的激发能、振子强度等的影响。结果表明随着正向电场的逐渐增大, BN分子键长先减小后增大;分子总能量则先增大后减小;分子电偶极矩 增大;费米能级和能隙均减小。谐振频率及红外谱强度均随正向电场的增大而增大。由基态到第1激发态的波长减小,激发能增大,而基态至第2-10激发态的波长增大而激发能减小。     

Successive oscillatory fields at radio to optical frequencies

The methods of separated or successive oscillatory fields (often called Ramsey methods) are described for radio, microwave and optical coherent radiation. The methods are initially described qualitatively. The quantitative theories of the methods are also given. For a two-level system at radio frequencies exact expressions for the transition probability amplitudes for an arbitrary number of successive oscillatory regions can be found in terms of products of successive transformation matrices. The expressions are greatly simplified if the oscillatory-field regions are very short. If there are only two oscillatory-field regions the situation is similar to a Young's two-slit interference pattern except that the two paths are separated in spin space rather than normal space. Some results from more than two oscillatory regions are discussed. The extensions of the methods and the theories to optical frequencies are described. The advantages and disadvantages of the methods are given as are the many extensions of the method beyond the original concept.I am honored to write an article in celebration of the sixtieth birthday of Herbert Walther. He has established one of the world's best atomic-physics laboratories and has made great contributions to physics, ranging from precision spectroscopy and laser cooling to measurements of fundamental atomic and quantum properties. He has also been a helpful consultant, adviser, and friend to many of us in the field. Happy birthday!!     

体内(in Vivo)NMR研究

本文综述了体内(in Vivo)核磁共振波谱技术的目前概况,简要介绍了这一技术的基本原理。对空间定位技术进行了重点评述,并给出了分类表。同时讨论了化学位移对空间定位精确的影响,介绍了提高定位精确度的实验方法。列举了空间定位波谱技术在生命科学研究中的应用,给出了大量的参考文献。     

NON-LINEAR STEADY STATE VIBRATIONS OF BEAMS EXCITED BY VORTEX SHEDDING

In this paper the non-linear vibrations of beams excited by vortex-shedding are considered. In particular, the steady state responses of beams near the synchronization region are taken into account. The main aerodynamic properties of wind are described by using the semi-empirical model proposed by Hartlen and Currie. The finite element method and the strip method are used to formulate the equation of motion of the system treated. The harmonic balance method is adopted to derive the amplitude equations. These equations are solved with the help of the continuation method which is very convenient to perform the parametric studies of the problem and to determine the response curve in the synchronization region. Moreover, the equations of motion are also integrated using the Newmark method. The results of calculations of several example problems are also shown to confirm the efficiency and accuracy of the presented method. The results obtained by the harmonic balance method and by the Newmark methods are in good agreement with each other.     

Worldwide business opportunities in fiber optic communications

The world market for fiber optic intelligence transmission systems is forecast through I990 and segmented according to the geographical regions of production and demand. The total world market forecast is also segmented according to end-industry application. Fiber optic component markets are forecast and price trends are reviewed. The most significant future developments in components are discussed. The major business opportunities are outlined and the possible threats to development of a viable market are reviewed.     

光在两单轴晶体间界面的反射和透射

根据位相匹配条件和应该满足的边界方程,在光轴取向任意的条件下,得到了光在两单轴晶体界面的反射和折射的理论表达式,给出了更普遍的公式计算光能量损失以及两束折射光的能量比。数值模拟表明所得结果满足能量守恒,光轴的取向和入射角大小对晶体中折射的o光、e光的能量比有重大影响,但是对反射率影响很小。只要知道了晶体的有关参数及入射条件,利用所给表达式可以计算各光束光能量比,为晶体器件特性研究提供了有力的工具。由于对光轴取向和入射角度没有任何限制,公式具有普遍性。     

Cosmic rays of the highest energies

The article describes the study of cosmic rays above 10 19 eV. Following a brief introduction, the reasons for the current interest in this topic are discussed. The methods used to measure the properties of the very rare ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays are explained and the current data described. The data lead to an enigma and the many theories proposed to explain it are summarized. The properties and potential of new detectors are outlined.     

Effective responses of nonlinear elliptic cylindrical composites

The higher-order dielectric responses of composites composed of weakly nonlinear elliptic cylindrical inclusions randomly embedded in linear media are investigated. The general formulae for effective DC coefficients are newly derived by the average field method up to the ninth order and then applied to analyze the effects of inclusion shapes on the effective response. The results are directly transformed to the quasi-static AC response of the composites under the sinusoidal external electric field with fundamental and third harmonic frequencies. The more general relationships between the effective DC and AC coefficients are established up to the seventh order and third harmonic, which are applicable to all weakly nonlinear isotropic composites.