醋酸盐共沉淀法制备锑掺杂二氧化锡(ATO)粉体

在较低的温度下将锡粉和三氧化二锑溶于冰醋酸并通过共沉淀,成功制备了锑掺杂二氧化锡(ATO)纳米粉体.采用XRD、SEM、TEM、N_2等温吸/脱附及粉末电阻率测试仪等对其结构、形貎和导电性进行表征,并研究了锑掺杂浓度对ATO导电性能的影响.结果表明:随着锑掺杂量的增加,ATO粉体电阻率有一最低值,即在锑掺杂浓度为8%时,ATO粉体电阻率可达0.4Ω·cm;ATO粉体的一次粒径约为5nm,其比表面高达85.9m~2/g.     

柔性透明自支撑氧化锡锑电纺纳米纤维膜的制备与表征

以四氯化锡和三氯化锑为前驱体,通过静电纺丝技术制备了柔性透明的自支撑氧化锡锑(ATO)纳米纤维膜.研究结果表明,该柔性ATO纤维膜具有四方相金红石晶体结构,且呈无规的纤维网状分布.当前驱体煅烧温度分别为520℃和700℃时,纤维的平均直径为200和150 nm;组成纤维的颗粒的平均粒径为10和19 nm;可见光透过率为72%和80%;电阻率为5.23和2.20Ω·cm.该自支撑ATO纳米纤维膜还显示出优异的柔韧性,在弯曲500次后其电阻率基本不变.     

环氧化物法制备锑掺杂氧化锡气凝胶

以无机金属盐为前驱体,采用环氧丙烷添加法结合CO2超临界流体干燥和热处理工艺,制备了不同锑掺杂浓度的二氧化锡(ATO)气凝胶.所得气凝胶为深蓝色块体,平均密度约为600 mg?cm-3,锑掺杂浓度在5%到20%(x)之间.电子显微镜图片显示ATO气凝胶的骨架由粒径约为数十纳米的颗粒堆积而成,而这些颗粒又由数纳米的初级球形颗粒构成.X射线衍射谱表明,样品的主要晶相为SnO2四方相金红石结构,锑的掺杂仅引起微小的晶格畸变.X射线光电子谱显示锡元素以+4价态存在,而锑则具有+3和+5的混合价态.四探针电阻率测试仪的结果表明,ATO气凝胶的电阻率在2.7-40Ω?cm之间变化,其中在锑掺杂浓度(x)为12%时具有最低电阻率.     

纳米锑掺杂二氧化锡(ATO)水凝胶的水热法制备以及ATO导电薄膜的透明和隔热性能

以醋酸盐共沉淀法制备了锑掺杂二氧化锡(ATO)湿凝胶;将其作为前驱体,在一定温度下经水热法得到ATO水凝胶.考察了前驱体洗涤程度,水热反应温度、p H以及煅烧温度对ATO水凝胶导电性能的影响.进而将酸性条件下得到的ATO水凝胶制备成导电薄膜,考察了其透明和隔热性能.结果表明:前驱体洗涤程度对ATO水凝胶导电性能的影响不大;随着水热反应温度的升高,水凝胶导电性能改善;当凝胶煅烧温度提高到600℃时,ATO样品的电阻率为0.8Ω·cm.此外,ATO导电薄膜的可见光透过率达85%,红外光吸光率为53%,显示出优异的透明和隔热性能.     

Ti掺杂对(LaMn1-xTixO3)0.67(NiMn2O4)0.33(0≤x≤0.7)陶瓷材料微结构及电性能影响

采用氧化物固相法制备(LaMn1-xTixO3)0.67(NiMn2O4)0.33系列NTC(Negative temperature coefficient)复合热敏电阻材料。利用TG/DSC、激光粒度分析、XRD、SEM、阻-温特性和老化性能测试等手段,确定了粉体煅烧温度,表征了粉体的颗粒尺寸、陶瓷体的物相、形貌及其电学特性、稳定性等与Ti掺杂量的关系。结果表明:在1 200~1 300℃烧结温度范围内,(LaMn1-xTixO3)0.67(NiMn2O4)0.33复合体系的电阻率ρ25℃随Ti含量的增加而显著增加;电阻率ρ25℃和B值变化范围分别为4.4~53 179Ω.cm、1 357~3 998 K。125℃下老化1 000 h阻值变化率ΔR/R0均小于0.51%。该复合体系电阻率、B值调整范围较大,稳定性好,是一种具有实际应用价值的NTC热敏电阻材料。     

高温氮掺杂制备二氧化钛导电粉

以廉价的偏钛酸为原料,在高温下进行N掺杂,制备了具有良好导电性能的TiO2粉,950℃焙烧3h后,体积电阻率低达6.5×10-3Ω.cm。高浓度N的受主掺杂在TiO2禁带中形成连续的能级,在紫外可见范围内都有很强的光吸收性能,电阻率随N含量的增加而下降。采用XRD、XPS、元素分析、紫外-可见漫反射、扫描电镜分析了粉体的晶相组成、元素价态、N含量、表面形态和粒径大小。     

甲醇在铁掺杂Pt-ZrO_2/C催化剂上的电氧化

应用溶胶-凝胶法制备不同铁掺杂量的ZrO2粉体,以ZrO2/C为载体制备Pt-Zr1-xFexO2/C催化剂电极.X射线衍射(XRD),透射电镜(TEM)表征载体及催化剂的表面形貌和晶体结构.结果表明,催化剂中Pt和ZrO2颗粒在活性炭表面均匀分布,铂颗粒尺寸为2~4 nm,ZrO2颗粒尺寸为3~7 nm.循环伏安法和计时电流法测定催化剂对甲醇电氧化作用,显示在ZrO2晶体中掺杂铁可以提高催化剂的甲醇电氧化活性.其性能与铁的掺杂量有关.     

纳米ATO颗粒粒度分布的脉冲超声波测量研究

讨论了脉冲超声波测量纳米ATO颗粒粒度分布方法中的3个步骤,即超声波衰减谱测量、严格数学模型的选型以及颗粒粒度分布的反演计算.通过发射脉冲超声波并利用变声程方法测量25 ℃时2%(体积分数)的纳米ATO-H2O分散液的超声衰减谱;选取McClements理论模型叠加BLBL理论模型共同描述纳米ATO颗粒分散液中的超声衰减现象;采用最优正则优化反演算法反演得到纳米ATO颗粒的粒度分布以及平均粒径.脉冲超声法检测结果显示,纳米ATO颗粒的平均粒径为25.6 nm,粒度分布为11.4 ～47.1 nm,CPS离心沉降纳米粒度分析仪测定结果分别为22.1 nm和10.1 ～62.6 nm.脉冲超声法检测结果与透射电镜图像以及离心沉降纳米粒度分析仪检测结果吻合较好,证明了脉冲超声波测量纳米颗粒粒度分布以及平均粒径的可行性与可靠性.     

超声喷雾共沉淀法制备纳米氧化锡粉体及其气敏性研究

采用超声波喷雾技术,以SnCl4·5H2O和CO(NH2)2为前驱体原料制备了氧化锡以及Ce稀土离子掺杂纳米粉体.详细地研究了超声喷雾条件、反应时间以及化学组分对纳米SnO2粉体的形貌和尺寸的影响规律,以及前驱体沉淀物脱水化学处理的条件.用XRD,TEM研究了所获纳米粒子的晶相和形貌.结果表明,制备的SnO2纳米粒子呈球状,尺寸在10～20 nm,纳米颗粒均匀,分散性好.以该粉体为基础制备了相应的气敏元件,测定了气体灵敏度与温度和稀土元素掺杂的关系.研究测试表明,纳米SnO2半导体气敏元件对NO2气体有着良好的响应-恢复特性,并且具有较高的灵敏度和较低的工作温度.稀土元素铈的掺杂能明显提高纳米SnO2粉体的气敏性能.     

纳米晶Sb掺杂SnO2(ATO)粉体的合成与表征

以Sn粉和Sb₂O₃为原料.采用共沉淀法制备了纳米ATO粉.TG-DSC及FTIR结果表明.450℃以前前驱体已失去全部水分.并完全转化为氧化物.XRD测量结果表明.所得ATO粉具有四方金红石结构.500℃焙烧后粉体的粒径为12nm.随着焙烧温度的升高.粉体的粒径增加.TEM测定结果表明,粉体的分散性很好.团聚很少.粉体的烧结性能良好,950℃时烧结5h即达到理论密度的97.3％.用霍尔系数法测定粉体的导电行为.表明该粉体具有良好的导电性能.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.