基于模糊综合评价模型的赣州市水资源承载力动态评价

水资源的合理利用对区域经济社会发展以及促进人与自然的可持续发展至关重要.通过构建模糊综合评价模型,选取年降水量、人均水资源量、水资源利用率、万元GDP用水量、万元工业增加值用水量、农田灌溉亩均用水量、生态用水等7个指标对赣州市2009-2018年水资源承载力进行动态评价研究,分析近十年该地区水资源承载力演变趋势以及影响该地区水资源承载力的主要因素.结果表明:1)赣州市水资源综合承载力较高,水资源还有进一步开发利用的空间;2)2009-2018年赣州市水资源承载力整体上呈上升趋势,但上升幅度不大,呈现小幅波动状态,其中GDP、工业用水量以及农业用水量对赣州市水资源承载力的具有显著影响;3)赣州市水资源较丰富,但由于时空分配不均,水资源配置体系也不够完善,且供水的基础设施比较薄弱,所以水资源的开发利用程度比较低.该研究结果可为当地水资源的可持续利用提供决策参考和依据.     

基于系统动力学模型的青岛市水资源承载力研究

在全面分析青岛市水资源现状的基础上,利用系统动力学方法建立了青岛市水资源承载力仿真模型,并对模型的有效性进行了检验.通过改变模型相关决策参数,仿真模拟了自然延续型、经济发展型、节水发展型、综合发展型4种不同方案下青岛市2011-2030年水资源承载力的动态变化情况.结果 表明,综合发展型方案是保证青岛市水资源可持续利用...     

邯郸市水资源承载力评价与预测研究

选取水资源评价指标体系,运用复合模糊评价模型,对201.2年邯郸市水资源承载力(WRCC)进行了评价,得出WRCC为0.4145,表明邯郸市处于可承载的中游水平.接着通过灰色预测方法对邯郸市2020年的主要相关指标进行预测,再次利用复合模糊评价模型对水资源承载力进行综合评价,得出WRCC为0.5495,表明邯郸市的水资源还处于可承载的范畴,而且比2012年的水资源承载能力有所提高,分析结果为邯郸市水资源的合理利用及可持续发展提供一定理论依据.     

吉林省综合承载力评价研究

运用状态空间法构建综合承载力模型,利用主成分分析法求取权重,对吉林省2005-2014年综合承载力进行了测算,结果显示:1)吉林省综合承载力虽然呈"波动式"上升,但始终处于超载状态,说明吉林省经济处于一种不可持续状态;2)自然资源承载力>经济承载力>生态承载力,自然资源承载力是富余的,经济承载力基本处于均衡状态,而生态资源承载力却明显不足,处于赤字状态,说明生态环境将限制吉林省经济发展;3)土地资源承载力>水资源承载力>能源承载力,土地资源承载力是富余的,但水资源和能源承载力却不足,处于赤字状态,说明水资源与能源是制约吉林省经济发展限制性因素;最后从发展循环经济,优化产业结构,提高科学技术,改变人们生产和生活方式等来提高吉林省综合承载力,旨为吉林省经济持续发展提供了技术支撑.     

可变模糊集理论在江西省水资源承载力评价中的应用

结合江西省2009年自然、社会和经济以及水资源资料,选取降水量、灌溉率、水资源开发利用程度、生活用水定额、人均供水量、万元GDP用水量、生态环境用水率、缺水率作为评价指标,应用可变模糊评价模型对江西省11个市的水资源承载力进行了评价研究.能够科学、合理地确定样本指标对各级指标标准区间的相对隶属度、相对隶属函数,并且能够通过变化模型及其参数,合理地确定出样本的评价等级,提高对样本等级评价的可信度.最后与模糊识别理论计算出的结果进行比较,评价等级基本保持一致.研究结果表明,江西省整体水资源承载力等级为1~2级,水资源开发利用已具有一定规模,部分区域水资源开发潜力较大.     

基于主成分分析的陕西省水资源承载力综合评价研究

基于主成分分析理论,根据陕西省2008-2016年的统计资料,从时间和空间两个维度对陕西省水资源承载力进行综合评价.结果表明:2008-2016年陕西省水资源承载力整体呈现上升趋势并且存在显著的地区差异,关中地区水资源承载力相对高于陕南和陕北地区.社会经济发展、人口、水资源自然状况是影响陕西省水资源承载力的主要因素.为促进陕西省各地市社会经济的健康持续发展,应加强对水资源的管理,大力推进节水型社会建设,提高社会节水意识.     

改进的神经网络综合评价模型研究

针对神经网络综合评价模型的解释缺失和信息损失问题,提出了一种引入专家系统和模糊系统的改进模型,模型利用专家系统提供评价结果的合理解释,利用模糊系统减少评价结果的信息损失,旨在提高评价结果的准确性和可信度.讨论了模型的定义和原理,通过模拟验证后,将改进的神经网络综合评价模型应用于大气环境承载力评价,以期为衡量社会经济发展和大气环境的协调程度提供一定参考.     

城市区域性人口承载力动态综合测度

对马尔萨斯人口增长模型进行研究,设计人口承载力发展路径和基于增长模型的隶属函数,从概率角度构建人口承载力动态综合测度模型,同时,以城市区域为研究对象,以经济作为人口承载力主导影响因素,辅之以自然、环境、资源与科技因素,构建人口承载力综合评价指标体系,多角度、多因素分析区域人口承载力,寻找人口承载短板,为人口承载力研究提供新的研究方法和视角.实证研究结论显示,研究区域人口承载力当前处于承载力强阶段,并开始向适度阶段过渡,其内部指标和子系统发展不平衡,人口系统自身发展稳定,经济和环境人口承载力强,资源和科技承载力较弱,随着区域经济的发展,在相当长一段时间内可进入适度人口阶段.     

基于区间数的区域水资源可持续发展程度评价方法研究

针对区域水资源可持续发展程度评价问题,利用区间数理论提出了基于区间数的可持续发展程度评价模型。首先将评价可持续发展程度中的五个等级标准值定义为区间数,建立实测指标区间向量和理想指标区间向量。其次,利用变异系数法和等权法给出各评价指标的两种权重向量。然后通过计算实测指标向量与每个等级的理想指标区间向量间的贴近度,应用模糊模式识别中的"择近原则"确定拟评区域水资源可持续发展程度的等级。实例研究表明该模型建模方法简便有效,并在各种自然资源可持续发展程度评价中具有推广应用价值。     

集对分析多元模糊评价法在水资源可再生能力评价中应用

水资源可再生能力受多种因素影响,因素间关系错综复杂,水资源可再生能力综合评价是一项复杂的系统工程.以集对分析理论为基础,用新定元准则、主同、超同和同化度等新概念发展集对分析,建立了一种新的流域水资源可再生能力评价模型—集对分析多元模糊评价模型(MFSPAFM).应用该模型对黄河流域及其上、中、下游典型省份的水资源可再生能力进行了综合评价,并与常规集对分析模型和可变模糊等模型评价结果进行了比较.实例应用显示该模型能够真实地反映水资源可再生能力状况,评价结果更符合客观实际.研究表明,集对分析多元模糊评价模型结构简单,计算简洁,可行有效,适用于水资源可再生能力综合评价.     

Optimal allocation and backup of computer resources under asymmetric information and incentive incompatibility

This paper presents the optimal allocation and backup of computing resources in a multidivisional firm in the presence of asymmetric information and incentive incompatibility. A game-theoretic model is developed and transformed to a linear programming problem. The solution to this linear programming problem enables the corporate headquarters to design a resource allocation scheme such that the revelation principle prevails and all divisions tell the truth. To cope with the combinatorial explosion of complexity caused by the resource constraint, a greedy-type algorithm and an averaged version of the original linear programming problem are developed to provide the upper and lower bounds. The greedy-type algorithm generates exact solutions for a wide range of instances. The lower bounds coincide with the exact solutions for the cases where the computer resource is either scarce or abundant. The averaged-version resource allocation model with slight modifications solves the optimal computer backup capacity problem. It determines how much back up capacity the firm should purchase when the firm's computer breaks down.     

基于熵权-集对分析的矿业城市土地资源承载力评价

针对矿产资源日益枯竭以及开采行为逐渐无序的现状,矿业城市土地资源承载力正在面临严峻挑战.研究以安徽省矿业城市铜陵市为例,从水土资源系统,社会经济系统和环境资源系统三个维度中选取15个指标构建评价指标体系.借助熵权法赋权,并利用集对分析法测度土地资源承载力状况,并用障碍度模型进行障碍因子诊断.结果表明:铜陵市土地资源承载力在2014-2018年一直处于安全承载水平,并呈上升趋势;各子系统之间协调水平显著提高,其中社会经济系统对土地资源承载力影响最大;地均固定资产投资和全年降水量是制约土地资源承载力的关键障碍因子.研究结果为矿业城市土地资源规划和生态文明建设提供理论支撑.     

Optimal Operations Management and Network Planning of a District Heating System with a Combined Heat and Power Plant

District heating plants are becoming more common in European cities. These systems make it possible to furnish users with warm water while locating the production plants in the outskirts having the double benefit of lowering the impact of pollution on the center of the city and achieving better conversion performances. In order to amortize the costs throughout the year, the system often includes a combined heat and power (CHP) plant, to exploit the energy during the summer as well, when the demand for warm water decreases. A linear programming model for the optimal resource management of such a plant is presented and some results for a real case are reported. A distribution network design problem is also addressed and solved by means of mixed integer linear programming.     

The aggregate capacity of virtual resources – linear models

This article addresses resource modelling with a specific interest on capacity aggregation. The capacity of a resource with regard to d types of tasks is modelled by a simplex and by a cube in the d-dimensional space. The aggregate capacity model of a virtual resource, that is, of a pool of r resources, is the d-polytope provided by the Minkowski sum of the simplices and cubes modelling the resources. The parametric identification of the d-planes supporting the facets of the polytope is established for r?=?2 and linear simplifications are provided in the (r,?d) general case. Formulated as linear inequalities, the aggregate capacity models fit in with linear programming and quadratic programming optimization techniques.     

On fuzzy linear programming

Fuzzy multi-objective and fuzzy Goal Programming are discussed in connection with several membership functions which are used to transform the original problem into three equivalent linear programming problems. Existence and uniqueness theorems are given. Fuzzy duality is presented, and an extension of the initial fuzzy problem arises immediately from it.     

Binary fuzzy goal programming

Goal programming is an important technique for solving many decision/management problems. Fuzzy goal programming involves applying the fuzzy set theory to goal programming, thus allowing the model to take into account the vague aspirations of a decision-maker. Using preference-based membership functions, we can define the fuzzy problem through natural language terms or vague phenomena. In fact, decision-making involves the achievement of fuzzy goals, some of them are met and some not because these goals are subject to the function of environment/resource constraints. Thus, binary fuzzy goal programming is employed where the problem cannot be solved by conventional goal programming approaches. This paper proposes a new idea of how to program the binary fuzzy goal programming model. The binary fuzzy goal programming model can then be solved using the integer programming method. Finally, an illustrative example is included to demonstrate the correctness and usefulness of the proposed model.     

Optimisation of sludge treatment and transport

In this paper we describe some work carried out in the UK into improving the effectiveness of a waste treatment and distribution network. Sludge is the name given to (treated) waste water and sewage. It is collected at small facilities and requires further treatment before it can be disposed of. We develop a linear programming model for the problem of effectively treating and distributing sludge. This model has been implemented in a large UK regional water company, Yorkshire Water.     

模糊系数规划

给出了一模糊系统规划的定义,该定义与通常的模糊规划义有所不同,它容许规划中的目标函数系数和所有约束函数系数可以是模糊数,并且容许既有模糊系数不等式的束函数又有模糊和所有约束函数系数都可以提模糊数,并且容许既有模糊系数不等式的束函数又有模糊系数等式约束函数,本文还对满足一定条件的模糊系数规划,包括模糊系数线性规划和模糊系数二次规划,给出了切实可行的求解方法。     

基于遗传算法的二层线性规划问题的求解算法

本研究了下层以最优解返回上层的二层线性规划问题的遗传算法。在提出可行度概念的基础上，构造了二层线性规划上层规划问题的适应度函数，由此设计了求解二层线性规划问题遗传算法。为了提高遗传算法处理约束的能力，在产生初始种群时将随机产生的初始种群变为满足约束的初始种群，从而避免了使用罚函数处理约束带来的困难，最后用实例验证了本提出的二层线性规划的遗传算法的有效性。     

Possibility linear programming with trapezoidal fuzzy numbers

Fuzzy linear programming with trapezoidal fuzzy numbers (TrFNs) is considered and a new method is developed to solve it. In this method, TrFNs are used to capture imprecise or uncertain information for the imprecise objective coefficients and/or the imprecise technological coefficients and/or available resources. The auxiliary multi-objective programming is constructed to solve the corresponding possibility linear programming with TrFNs. The auxiliary multi-objective programming involves four objectives: minimizing the left spread, maximizing the right spread, maximizing the left endpoint of the mode and maximizing the middle point of the mode. Three approaches are proposed to solve the constructed auxiliary multi-objective programming, including optimistic approach, pessimistic approach and linear sum approach based on membership function. An investment example and a transportation problem are presented to demonstrate the implementation process of this method. The comparison analysis shows that the fuzzy linear programming with TrFNs developed in this paper generalizes the possibility linear programming with triangular fuzzy numbers.