反相胶束法控制合成不同形貌半导体Ag_2S纳米晶

采用水（溶液）／Triton X－100／环已烷／正戊醇反相胶束体系，制备出不 同形貌的Ag_2S纳米晶-100nm、长度为2.0-3.5μm、长径比为20-70的纯相幅S对合 成Ag_2S的形貌和尺寸的影响进行了研究，获得了控制合成不同形貌Ag_2S纳米晶的 反应条件．显微镜分析进行了表征．     

高活性Ag修饰TiO2空心八面体光催化剂的简易模板诱导合成

贵金属修饰的TiO2空心纳米光催化材料由于具有大的比表面积、低的质量密度、良好的表面渗透性、强的光吸收能力以及界面电荷的快速转移,因而表现出优异的光催化性能.为了制备结构可控且精良的贵金属修饰TiO2空心纳米光催化材料,人们先后采用湿化学法、高温固相法、声化学法及光化学沉积法等.由于在制备过程中涉及多种异相材料的合成和结构控制,因此上述合成方法通常需要复杂且多步过程(有些过程甚至很容易导致结构破坏),从而限制了其在光催化领域的实际应用.本文开发了一种简单的模板诱导法,成功制备了Ag纳米粒子修饰的TiO2空心八面体光催化剂.合成过程包括模板指导沉积和原位模板溶解.以Ag2O八面体为模板, TiF4水溶液为前驱体,首先通过TiF4水解形成TiO2纳米粒子沉积在Ag2O模板表面,而TiF4水解产生的酸性HF水溶液可原位溶解碱性的Ag2O模板,从而一步制得TiO2空心八面体.同时,利用Ag2O以及Ag+离子的光敏特性,在光照条件下使Ag2O和Ag+离子生成Ag纳米颗粒,直接沉积在TiO2空心八面体的内外表面,得到Ag/TiO2光催化剂.由此可见,该合成方法具有明显的步骤少的优点.扫描电镜、透射电镜、能量散射和紫外-可见光谱等表征结果表明成功制得内外Ag纳米粒子修饰的TiO2空心八面体光催化剂,其中TiO2空心八面体的壁厚约为25 nm,边长约为1μm,而修饰在其表面的Ag纳米粒子尺寸仅为5–10 nm.此外,通过控制TiF4前驱体浓度,还可制备核壳结构的Ag2O@TiO2八面体以及不同壁厚Ag修饰的TiO2空心八面体,表明该方法在Ag/TiO2形貌合成上的多样性和可控性.为了获得良好的光催化活性,对制备的Ag纳米粒子修饰的TiO2空心八面体光催化剂进行了不同温度的热处理. X射线衍射结果表明,即使在600 oC高温下,制备的Ag/TiO2空心八面体光催化剂依然能够保持原有的特殊形貌和锐钛矿TiO2晶型.该温度明显高于TiO2从锐钛矿向金红石转变的温度.这说明合成的Ag/TiO2能在保持高活性锐钛矿相的同时获得更好的结晶性.这可能是由于分散在TiO2原始晶粒周围的Ag纳米粒子能阻止其进一步长大,从而抑制了其晶型转变.不同样品光催化降解甲基橙的结果表明,经600oC高温热处理的样品表现出最高的光催化活性,相应的反应速率常数为0.11 min？1.这应得益于该光催化剂具有以下三个特点：(1) TiO2空心八面体的薄壁结构能够缩短光照条件下光生电子和空穴从内部扩散到表面的距离;(2)由于贵金属Ag纳米粒子沉积在TiO2薄壁的内外两个表面以及TiO2和Ag形成肖脱基势垒,因此在它们接触的界面上能够发生更快的界面电荷转移;(3)高温处理导致TiO2良好的晶化以及高活性锐钛矿TiO2晶型的保持.     

高活性Ag修饰TiO_2空心八面体光催化剂的简易模板诱导合成（英文）

贵金属修饰的Ti O2空心纳米光催化材料由于具有大的比表面积、低的质量密度、良好的表面渗透性、强的光吸收能力以及界面电荷的快速转移,因而表现出优异的光催化性能.为了制备结构可控且精良的贵金属修饰Ti O2空心纳米光催化材料,人们先后采用湿化学法、高温固相法、声化学法及光化学沉积法等.由于在制备过程中涉及多种异相材料的合成和结构控制,因此上述合成方法通常需要复杂且多步过程(有些过程甚至很容易导致结构破坏),从而限制了其在光催化领域的实际应用.本文开发了一种简单的模板诱导法,成功制备了Ag纳米粒子修饰的Ti O2空心八面体光催化剂.合成过程包括模板指导沉积和原位模板溶解.以Ag2O八面体为模板,TiF 4水溶液为前驱体,首先通过Ti F4水解形成Ti O2纳米粒子沉积在Ag2O模板表面,而Ti F4水解产生的酸性HF水溶液可原位溶解碱性的Ag2O模板,从而一步制得Ti O2空心八面体.同时,利用Ag2O以及Ag+离子的光敏特性,在光照条件下使Ag2O和Ag+离子生成Ag纳米颗粒,直接沉积在Ti O2空心八面体的内外表面,得到Ag/Ti O2光催化剂.由此可见,该合成方法具有明显的步骤少的优点.扫描电镜、透射电镜、能量散射和紫外-可见光谱等表征结果表明成功制得内外Ag纳米粒子修饰的Ti O2空心八面体光催化剂,其中TiO 2空心八面体的壁厚约为25 nm,边长约为1μm,而修饰在其表面的Ag纳米粒子尺寸仅为5–10 nm.此外,通过控制Ti F4前驱体浓度,还可制备核壳结构的Ag2O@Ti O2八面体以及不同壁厚Ag修饰的Ti O2空心八面体,表明该方法在Ag/Ti O2形貌合成上的多样性和可控性.为了获得良好的光催化活性,对制备的Ag纳米粒子修饰的Ti O2空心八面体光催化剂进行了不同温度的热处理.X射线衍射结果表明,即使在600 oC高温下,制备的Ag/Ti O2空心八面体光催化剂依然能够保持原有的特殊形貌和锐钛矿Ti O2晶型.该温度明显高于Ti O2从锐钛矿向金红石转变的温度.这说明合成的Ag/Ti O2能在保持高活性锐钛矿相的同时获得更好的结晶性.这可能是由于分散在Ti O2原始晶粒周围的Ag纳米粒子能阻止其进一步长大,从而抑制了其晶型转变.不同样品光催化降解甲基橙的结果表明,经600 oC高温热处理的样品表现出最高的光催化活性,相应的反应速率常数为0.11 min 1.这应得益于该光催化剂具有以下三个特点:(1)TiO 2空心八面体的薄壁结构能够缩短光照条件下光生电子和空穴从内部扩散到表面的距离;(2)由于贵金属Ag纳米粒子沉积在Ti O2薄壁的内外两个表面以及Ti O2和Ag形成肖脱基势垒,因此在它们接触的界面上能够发生更快的界面电荷转移;(3)高温处理导致Ti O2良好的晶化以及高活性锐钛矿Ti O2晶型的保持.     

银纳米线的制备及电催化还原氧性能研究

分别以聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVP),乙二醇作为软模板和还原剂,采用不同晶种(AgCl、Ag)快速合成了银纳米线.通过SEM和TEM表征,证明合成银纳米线材料形貌均一,颗粒含量很少.并且发现以AgCl为晶种合成的银纳米线长径比为200左右(SNWH),而以Ag为晶种合成的长径比为30左右(SNWL).以银纳米线作为电催化氧...     

S2-控制剂对Ag纳米产物的形貌及光学性能的影响

采用改装的微波冷凝回流装置,以乙二醇作为还原剂和溶剂,在表面活性剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的保护下,添加Na2S与AgNO3反应生成Ag2S,对Ag2S进行热分解即可获得Ag纳米产物。保持其它参数(加热功率、加热时间、表面活性剂浓度和反应物溶液浓度等)不变的条件下,通过改变Na2S的浓度得到不同形貌的Ag纳米产物。利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪和紫外-可见分析仪对所得Ag纳米产物的形貌、物相和光学性能进行分析表征,结果表明,在微波冷凝回流作用下,Na2S浓度的逐渐增大使银纳米产物经历了一个类球形-立方体-线形的形貌演变。此外,通过分析反应过程,对S2-如何影响Ag纳米产物的形貌及Ag纳米线的生长机理作了进一步研究探讨。     

离子液体中微波合成纳米结构的Bi2S3和Bi19Br3S27

在不同咪唑基离子液体中, 利用微波辅助法快速合成了不同形貌的Bi2S3纳米粒子和Bi19Br3S27纳米棒. 利用XRD, TEM和SEM对合成产物进行了结构和形貌的表征. 实验结果表明离子液体在合成过程中对产物的相结构和形貌发挥了重要的作用. 实验中还进一步考察了不同实验条件对产物形貌的影响. 对实验的合成机理进行了初步探讨. 对不同形貌和纳米结构的Bi2S3和Bi19Br3S27进行了UV-Vis光谱分析.     

Ag∶InP/ZnSe纳米晶的合成与生物成像

采用高温热注入法,以P[N(CH_3)_2]_3为磷源合成了具有近红外荧光的Ag∶InP/ZnSe纳米晶.采用紫外-可见-近红外吸收光谱(UV-Vis-NIR)、荧光光谱、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)等对产物的结构和光学性质进行了表征,并分析了Ag掺杂浓度和温度对InP纳米晶荧光性能的影响.通过调节Ag掺杂浓度和反应温度,发现当Ag掺杂量为6%,反应温度为200℃时,Ag∶InP纳米晶的发光效率最高.将制备的Ag∶InP的表面包覆ZnSe,粒子的荧光效率从原来的20%提高到45%.将具有近红外荧光的Ag∶InP/ZnSe纳米晶应用于细胞成像,结果表明制备的荧光纳米晶在细胞成像中清晰可见且毒性较低.     

高核Ag/S纳米团簇合成的研究进展

硫醇配体保护的高核银纳米团簇具有丰富的结构和性能, 在光致发光、 生物传感、 纳米材料等方面具有广阔的应用前景. 然而, 精确控制高核Ag/S纳米团簇的尺寸和结构面临着巨大的挑战, 构建高核Ag/S纳米团簇的可行策略也一直是人们关注的焦点. 近年来, 随着合成方法和表征技术的不断发展, 高核Ag/S纳米团簇的合成和性能研究方面均取得了显著的成就. 本文总结了含20个或以上Ag原子的Ag/S纳米团簇的合成方法(直接还原法、 阴离子模板法及配体交换法), 对部分高核Ag/S纳米团簇的结构进行了探讨, 并展望了未来研究的趋势.     

半胱氨酸在Ag2S/Cu2S纳米晶修饰玻碳电极上的电化学行为

制备了Ag2S/Cu2S纳米混晶修饰玻碳电极,研究了半胱氨酸在Ag2S/Cu2S纳米混晶修饰电极上的电化学行为.结果表明:Ag2S/Cu2S混晶修饰电极对半胱氨酸的电化学氧化过程具有非常明显的电催化作用,其氧化电位减小为0.23V,氧化峰电流为25.98 μA,与空白电极相比增加了8倍.在1.0×10-5～1.0×10-3 mol/L浓度范围内,稳态电流信号与半胱氨酸浓度呈现良好的线性变化关系.该修饰电极具有良好的稳定性和重现性.     

6-巯基烟酸修饰的CdSe纳米晶的合成及应用

以6-巯基烟酸(6-MNA)为修饰剂,在水溶液中合成CdSe纳米晶,考察了pH值、反应物不同配比、反应温度及反应时间等条件对合成CdSe纳米晶荧光强度的影响,获得最佳合成条件为:反应物配比Cd2+∶HSe-∶6-MNA=1∶0.5∶3,溶液pH值为9.70,回流温度60℃,回流时间30min。透射电镜观察所合成的纳米晶形貌为树状,与传统的球状不同,激发及发射波长分别位于400nm和543nm,与传统的球状纳米晶相似。同时考察了缓冲溶液的体积与pH值、反应温度、反应时间对体系荧光强度的影响。在最佳实验条件下,体系的荧光强度与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的浓度呈线性关系,线性范围为0～4.5×10-7mol/L,相关系数R=0.9851,检出限为1.0×10-8mol/L。该方法用于合成样及实际样品的测定,结果令人满意。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.