中能区86Kr+197Au反应中的能量耗散、π介子阈下产生和流角

用扩展BUU模型计算了中能区⁸⁶Kr+¹⁹⁷Au重系统的能量耗散、π介子阈下产生和流角,定量地拟合了43MeV/u ⁸⁶Kr+¹⁹⁷Au实验的能量耗散和类弹碎片核电荷数的关系及类弹类靶碎片核电荷数的关联.     

丰中子核素14B和15B的电四极矩测量

将中能弹核碎裂反应中产生的极化碎片¹⁴B和¹⁵B注入Mg单晶中,利用β-NMR谱学测得¹⁴B和¹⁵B的电四极矩(|Q(¹⁴B)|和|Q(¹⁵B)|)分别为(29.84±0.75)mb和(38.01±1.08)mb,并将实验测得的结果与理论模型计算进行了比较.     

非完全深部非弹的简单模型分析

根据¹⁶O+²⁷Al实验中的一些特殊现象,提出了一个弹核先碎裂,然后碎裂的余核与靶核发生深部非弹的非完全深部非弹模型.并将计算的结果与实验的能谱、角分布及维辛斯基图进行了对比和分析.     

相对论性16O与乳胶碰撞产生的He碎片动量分布宽度的分析

本文探讨了在2GeV/n～200GeV/N能区,相对论性¹⁶O原子核碎裂产生的He碎片动量分布宽度随其多重数的减小而增加的实验现象.研究表明随He碎片多重数的减小,弹核旁观体所获得的表面激发能增加,从而导致了He碎片的动量分布宽度增加.分析表明正是由于弹核旁观体在不同能量下获得了相同的激发能从而表现出在该能区产生的He碎片多重数分布与弹核能量无关的极限碎裂特征.     

推广的Glauber理论及其在晕核散射中的应用

介绍了推广到晕核散射的Glauber理论,并用其研究晕核¹⁴Be的散射问题.弹核的密度分布分别采用谐振子密度分布和相对论平均场理论计算得到具有两个晕中子结构的密度分布,对晕核模型的多重积分采用蒙特卡洛数值积分方法.计算了不同能量下¹⁴Be,¹²Be与靶核¹²C散射的反应截面,并与实验结果进行比较,¹⁴Be的两个中子采用具有晕中子密度分布的理论计算与实验符合较好,而采用不具有晕中子密度分布的结果与实验值相差较大.     

46.7MeV/u 12C+58Ni、115In、197Au α粒子发射研究

本文报道了46.7MeV/u ¹²C轰击⁵⁸Ni、¹¹⁵In、¹⁹⁷Au反应发射α粒子的角分布和能谱.从速度表象中洛仑兹不变截面等高图中明显看到发射α粒子的三个源.用这三个源的运动源模型成功地拟合了α粒子能谱,所提取的强相互作用源参数符合费米气体模型计算结果,并讨论了能谱及拟合参数对靶的依赖关系.认为快速源实质上来自弹核碎裂或类弹核碎裂.     

30MeV/u 40Ar+159Tb反应中前角区复杂碎片的来源

在前角测量了30MeV/u ⁴⁰Ar+¹⁵⁹Tb反应中两裂片符合下的轻粒子和复杂碎片,利用线性动量转移和总横向动量方法对三体符合事件进行了碰撞参数分类. 实验结果表明,在中心碰撞中复杂碎片主要来自于平衡类靶核的统计发射,并伴随有非平衡中途成份;而周边碰撞中前角区复杂碎片主要来自于弹核碎裂成份. 在半中心碰撞中则存在类弹、类靶和中途三种成份.     

46.7MeV/u 12C引起的弹核碎裂反应

测量了46.7MeV/u ¹²C束流轰击不同靶核的核反应中前方向出射的类弹碎片,发现弹核碎裂产物的最可几能量可用Abrasion图象来解释.它们的平行动量分布宽度满足Goldhaber关系式,实验中提取的约化平行动量分布宽度σ₀=80±10MeV/c,接近于相对论情形下的值,并且σ₀对于不同的反应系统有相近的值.     

25MeV/u 40)Ar+115In,58Ni,27Al反应中前中角区碎片角分布和元素Z分布

测量了25MeV/u ⁴⁰Ar+¹¹⁵In,⁵⁸Ni,²⁷A1反应前中角区出射碎片的角分布和元素Z分布.用改进的量子分子动力学(MQMD)模型研究了碎片的角分布和Z分布.理论计算值和实验值整体上符合得很好,但在前角区,MQMD模型低估了碎片的产额,在中角区对于Z接近弹核的碎片,理论计算值比实验值偏高.碎片产物的角分布和Z分布还与统计蒸发模型GEMINI进行了比较,结果表明,在前角区平衡蒸发成份所占的比例很小,中角区所占的比例有所增加,但仍然是较小的比例.同时发现平衡蒸发成份随着出射碎片核电荷数Z的减小而逐渐减少.     

中能8B和9C与Si反应总截面的测量

能量为75MeV/u的¹²C初级束轰击2mm厚的初级Be靶,并利用RIBLL从弹核碎片中分离出54.2MeV/u质子滴线核束8B和61.1MeV/u的⁹C,再轰击Si靶,用透射法测量了它们与Si的反应总截面σ_R.并应用Glauber模型进行理论计算,分析结果表明⁸B和⁹C都可能具有质子晕结构.     

Ground-State Properties of Ca Isotopes and the Density Dependence of the Symmetry Energy

A relativistic mean field model is used to study the ground-state properties of neutron-rich nuclei in Ca isotopes. An additional isoscalar and isovector nonlinear coupling has been introduced in the relativistic mean field model, which could soften the symmetry energy, while keep the agreement with the experimental data. The sensitivity of proton and neutron density distributions and single particle states in Ca isotopes to the additional isoscalarisovector nonlinear coupling term is investigated. We found that the binding energies, the density distributions of single particle levels are strongly correlated with the density dependence of the symmetric energy in nuclear matter.     

Spatial distribution of electron characteristic in argon rf glow discharges

The spatial distributions of the electron density and the mean electron energy of argon radio frequency (rf) glow discharge plasma in a plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) system have been investigated using an established movable Langmuir probe. The results indicate that in the axial direction the electron density tends to peak at midway between the two electrodes while the axial variation trend of mean electron energy is different from that of the electron density, the mean electron energy is high near the electrodes. And the mean electron energy near the cathode is much higher than that near the anode. This article focuses on the radial distribution of electron density and mean electron energy. A proposed theoretical model distribution agrees well with the experimental one: the electron density and the mean electron energy both increase from the centre of the glow to the edge of electrodes. This is useful for better understanding the discharge mechanism and searching for a better deposition condition to improve thin film quality.     

Computer simulations of particle flux and energy peaking

A computer simulation of the channeling of 300 keV deuterons in a niobium lattice has been performed. The model calculations included: binary Thomas-Fermi interaction between projectiles and lattice atoms, thermal displacements of the lattice atoms in the transverse plane of particle motion, electron scattering of the deuterons dependent on the local electron density, and electronic energy loss dependent on the local electron density. Flux distributions and mean particle energy distributions of the deuterons were calculated in their development with penetration depth. Flux peaking and energy peaking was found to depend sensitively on the local variation of the electron density in the crystal.     

脉冲放电脱硫反应器中高能电子密度分布的光谱研究

脉冲流光放电产生的大于等于11.2 eV的高能电子能将处于基态的氮分子激发到N₂(C3Π_u)态,测试脉冲流光放电时的N₂(C3Π_u→B3Πg)发射光谱相对强度可以得出脉冲流光放电产生的高能电子的密度。实验在室温常压下研究了空气中线-板式脉冲流光放电脱硫反应器内高能电子密度分布情况,并研究了脉冲电压、反应器的线线间距对反应器内高能电子密度分布的影响。实验结果表明,反应器内的高能电子主要集中在放电线附近高电场区内,随着离放电线的距离增大,高能电子密度减小;脉冲电压对高能电子密度有很大影响,随着电压的升高,高能电子密度基本呈线性增大;线板间距固定,线线间距为线板间距的0.6～1倍时,反应器内高能电子密度分布较为均匀。     

用自洽的蒙特卡罗—流体结合模型模拟溅射过程

 采用自洽的蒙特卡罗－流体结合模型对溅射过程进行模拟,以了解等离子体粒子行为与溅射参数的关系。溅射过程包括气体放电和溅射原子传输。对于气体放电,蒙特卡罗部分模拟快电子和快气体原子,而流体部分则描述离子和慢电子。对于溅射原子传输,蒙特卡罗部分模拟溅射原子的碰撞过程,而流体部分则描述溅射原子的扩散和漂移。模拟的结果包括：等离子体粒子的密度和能量分布;不同电离机制对气体原子和溅射原子电离的贡献;不同等离子体粒子对阴极溅射碰撞的贡献;溅射原子的密度分布;溅射场和溅射粒子相对于入射离子能量和角度的分布;溅射原子经碰撞后在整个等离子体区的分布。     

Decay of the compound nucleus 74Kr formed in the reaction 16O + 58Ni

Gamma-ray and charged-particle emission has been studied after bombardment of ⁵⁸Ni with ¹⁶O at energies from 44.5–76.5 MeV. The excitation functions for various reaction channels have been measured. The locus in energy and spin of maximum cross section (the entry line) of the γ-emitting region in the 2pγ and 3pγ channels have been studied through measurement of γ-ray multiplicity, average particle energy and average γ-ray energy. The standard deviations in both energy and spin of the distributions of cross section are presented. Statistical model calculations including shell corrections in the level density show very satisfactory agreement with the experimental results. The moment of inertia at high spin and excitation energy is deduced from the measured entry line.     

Fractals in one and two dimensions of medium energy particles in 800 GeV p-AgBr interactions

We present the first experimental results on self-similar nature of fluctuations of one and two-dimensional density distributions of medium energy particles in 800 GeV p-AgBr interactions. The density fluctuations as measured by 1?D _q are found to be more in two dimensions as compared to those in one dimension, whereas the fluctuations decrease with increase in multiplicity. It has been found that the self-similar cascade model with multifractal properties describes well the observed fluctuations. The ratios of multifractal power law indices are found to be independent of the dimensionality of phase space and of multiplicity.     

A study on the Fresnel diffraction of 6He by means of different microscopic density distributions

The elastic scattering of the halo nucleus ⁶He from heavy targets such as ¹⁹⁷Au and ²⁰⁸Pb has been investigated in order to explain the Coulomb rainbow peak due to the Fresnel-type diffraction observed in the experimental data. In order to examine the role of nuclear potential to describe ⁶He + ¹⁹⁷Au and ⁶He + ²⁰⁸Pb systems, we have used the no-core shell model, few-body and Gaussian-shaped density distributions at various energies. The microscopic real parts of the complex nuclear potential have been obtained by using the double-folding model for each of the density distribution and the phenomenological imaginary potentials have been taken as the standard Woods-Saxon shape. We have observed that fewbody and Gaussian-shaped density distributions have given standard Fresnel-type diffraction results, a classical scattering pattern with Coulomb rainbow peak whereas the nuclear potential obtained by using the no-core shell-model density distribution has provided the reduction at Fresnel peak and has given more consistent results with the experimental data.     

硅铝酸银分子筛吸附氖原子的第一性原理计算

采用基于第一性原理的密度泛函理论(DFT)和局域密度近似(LDA)方法,优化计算硅铝酸银分子筛吸附Ne原子体系的几何结构,能量,电子能带和电荷密度分布。结果表明,硅铝酸银为层状的周期结构,具有直径为a=5.390 Å的孔道。在分子晶体孔道的轴线上,桥O原子附近(I)和表面Ag+离子附近(II)的能量均有利于对Ne原子的吸附。尽管Ne(I)的能量最低,但是SiO4四面体排斥产生的能垒在动力学上不利于Ne原子的吸附。电子能带和电荷分布显示,Ne(II)原子主要受库仑极化的影响,其电子能带的能量较高,Ne(I)原子与桥O原子之间的共价作用能够降低对应的电子能带能量。