分析化学实验课程教学大纲的标准化改造与构建

基于工程教育专业认证标准的要求,结合专业课程的特点,对我校制药工程专业的分析化学实验教学大纲进行了标准化改造。标准化的教学大纲更加突出了专业适用性,关联了教学要求与教学内容和考核评定,增加了考核量化指标与课程持续改进的方式,进一步规范了分析化学实验课程的教学。标准教学大纲的构建为实验教学活动提供了更加明确的指导,有利于缩小不同教师教学的差异性,保证了实验教学的质量,为建立可持续完善的工程类实验教学标准体系提供了具体参考。     

储氢合金电极的表面修饰研究

利用等离子体技术对AA型MH/Ni电池的储氢合金电极进行了镀覆导电膜层的表面修饰,用XRD及SEM对电极结构进行了表征.极片经过表面修饰的电池,其内阻降低了24％,放电容量有了明显提高,5C (7.5 A) 放电容量提高了200 mA•h,放电平台电压提高了约0.14 V,导电膜层还起到了电极保护层的作用,抑制了合金的粉化,提高了电池的循环稳定性.同时,电池内压显著降低,电池性能有了较大改善.     

农林高校基础化学多层次课程体系和教学内容的改革与实践

以农林高校基础化学课程体系和教学内容改革为抓手,构建了农科特色鲜明的多层次课程体系,优化设计了教学内容,增强了教学的针对性,突出了学生个性的发展,为农科院校创新人才的培养奠定了重要的化学基础。     

前言

自20世纪初期,德国化学家EmilFischer首先合成了甘氨酸二肽片段,并第一次提出“peptide”（多肽）这一名词,多肽化学的研究已经历了100多年的发展．1953年,Vigneand小组首次完成了生物活性肽催产素的合成,并因此于1955年获得了诺贝尔化学奖．1963年,Merrifield提出了多肽固相合成法,并发明了第一台多肽自动合成仪,大大简化了多肽合成的流程、提高了合成的效率,从而促使多肽化学实现了飞跃式发展,Merrifield也因此获得了1984年诺贝尔化学奖．1965年,我国科学家完成了牛结晶胰岛素的合成,     

促进学生认识发展的“电离和离子反应”专题的单元整体教学研究

系统梳理了电离、离子反应专题的已有研究,分析了电离、离子反应内容对学生认识发展的作用,进而确立了化学1模块电离、离子反应专题的教学论问题并进行了阐述分析。在上述研究的基础上,设计了化学1模块电离、离子反应专题的单元整体教学,并进行了教学实践,取得了较好的教学效果。     

非理想气体的逸度因子和非理想溶液的活度系数

对单组分非理想气体,推导了它的逸度因子的微分方程式。对多组分非理想气体,推导了各组分逸度因子满足的微分方程式,定义了一个总逸度因子,并找到了总逸度因子和各组分逸度因子之间的关系。同样,对非理想溶液,推导了各组分活度系数满足的微分方程式,定义了非理想溶液的总活度系数,并找到了两者满足的关系。最后分析了逸度因子和活度系数之间的异同点。     

基础化学实验室的建设与管理

化学实验室是全面完成化学教学任务的重要基地。 我院2002年建立了设备比较先进的化学实验室,给学生创造了良好的实验条件,并进行了科学化的管理,规定了各种规章制度和有关职责,较好地完成了化学教学任务。在实践中。采取：固定优秀代课教师兼管,勤工助学学生帮忙的管理办法,既减轻教师的劳动强度,又培养了学生的技能,且协调了各种关系,有利于化学教学质量的提高。     

酰胺基团对Gemini表面活性剂表面活性和聚集行为的影响

本文合成了含酰胺基团和不含酰胺基团的两类Gemini阳离子表面活性剂,测定了其表面活性参数,研究了酰胺基团对表面活性剂的表面活性和聚集行为的影响。结果表明,酰胺基团提高了Gemini阳离子表面活性剂的临界胶团浓度,降低了胶团聚集数,增强了胶团微极性,增大了表面活性剂的饱和吸附量。     

食品安全与健康——深圳市卫生部门食品安全保障体系

回顾了国际国内的食品安全问题以及管理现状,着重介绍了深圳市卫生部门食品安全保障工作.近几年,深圳市有效运行了食品污染物监测网络,基本掌握了食品安全存在的问题,通过对问题食品的追溯,从根本上着手解决问题,控制了污染食品进入餐桌;以风险评估作为科学手段,做好重点食品污染物的监测预警;引导和提醒消费者提高自我保护意识,为政府制定相关决策提供了依据,从而显著地减少了食源性疾病的发生,有效地保障了公众的身体健康.     

新课程改革背景下南宁市高中化学教师素质现状的调查与分析

在高中新课程改革的背景下,利用自行设计的问卷,对南宁市高中化学教师素质进行了调查,分析了其素质现状和特点,探索了素质优化途径,并根据调查结果,提出了相应的建议。     

生物分子溶液中的弱相互作用研究进展

弱相互作用是生物分子体系中普遍存在的一类重要作用,在分子组装和分子识别以及研究结构-功能-活性关系等方面有着极其重要的作用,一直是科学研究的前沿,本文从生物分子内弱相互作用的分类和研究方法方面,针对国内国际研究的前沿和热点以及笔者自身的科研成果,揭示了生物分子溶液内部弱相互作用的特点及其多元的研究手段.     

研究性与系统性相结合的有机合成实验教学实践

为了培养学生的创新能力和实践能力,使学生较全面地掌握有机合成实验理论知识和实验技能,开展了有机合成实验研究性和系统性结合的教学探索和实践。在课程建设和教学过程中,贯彻以学生为主体的教学改革思路与方法。从教学内容和模式、授课方式、考核方式等多个教学环节进行探索研究,科教融合,结合实际课堂教学,倡导启发式教学方法。研究型教学模式的实施有效地调动了学生自主研究性学习的积极性,有利于提高学生的综合实践能力,促进实验教学与科学研究的衔接。     

天然产物化学研究的挑战和机遇

本文论述了目前我国天然产物化学研究中所存在的问题以及面临的挑战和机遇,同时就如何促进我国天然产物的新结构、新功能及其合成化学等方面的原始性创新研究和相应的对策进行了评述。     

Determination of void/dead volume of liquid chromatographic columns containing β-cyclodextrin as the stationary phase. Part I. Existing methods for the determination of LC column dead volume—A survey of literature

Summary A brief critique on the existing methods for the determination of LC column dead volume is presented. The dispute and controversy among scientists regarding the definition of column void volume, as well as the methods for its determination are pointed out. Difficulties arising in connection with the determination of the dead volume of cyclodextrin columns are discussed; it seems that the applicability of conventional methods is questionable. The necessity for further research in this field is stressed.     

基于量子化学计算方法的天然气水合物稳定性研究进展

天然气水合物以资源丰富、优质、洁净等特点,被视为21世纪新能源。天然气水合物稳定性的研究对天然气水合物资源勘探开发具有重要意义。本文简述了微观、介观、宏观、矿藏四个尺度天然气水合物稳定性的研究,重点从微观量子尺度介绍了量子化学计算方法对水合物晶体结构及其稳定性以及水合物宏观物理特性微观表征的计算研究。应用量子化学计算方法可以对天然气水合物的晶体结构、电子轨道分布、振动光谱、成键特性及主客体相互作用进行计算研究,其结果能够为天然气水合物在油气储运、水合物成藏、开采及其综合利用等方面的研究提供理论支持。目前,量子化学计算方法的优化与分子动力学模拟、分子力学模拟等方法的结合将有助于水合物形成和分解微观机理研究的发展,提升计算精度和扩大研究体系,为矿场尺度的天然气水合物资源开采利用提供理论支持。     

Applications of mass spectrometry in the trace element analysis of biological materials

The importance of mass spectrometry for the analysis of biological material is illustrated by reviewing the different mass spectrometric methods applied and describing some typical applications published recently. Though atomic absorption spectrometry is used in the majority of analyses of biological material, most mass spectrometric methods have been used to some extent for trace element determination in biomedical research. The relative importance of the different methods is estimated by reviewing recent research papers. It is striking that especially inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is increasingly being applied, partly because the method can be used on-line after chromatographic separation, in speciation studies. Mass spectrometric methods prove to offer unique possibilities in stable isotope tracer studies and for this purpose also experimentally demanding methods such as thermal ionization mass spectrometry and accelerator mass spectrometry are frequently used.     

手性亚砜合成*

手性亚砜及其衍生物广泛作为重要手性中间体和辅剂、手性配体和催化剂、手性药物。手性亚砜可以采用生物方法和化学方法来合成,化学方法包括手性辅剂诱导、手性氧化剂氧化、手性拆分和不对称催化等。本文简要综述了手性亚砜的各种用途和各种合成方法的研究进展,主要介绍了钛和钒催化的不对称硫醚氧化反应,也介绍了作者最近在钒催化的不对称硫醚氧化反应方面所做的研究工作。     

The task of the analytical chemist in industry

The duties of analytical chemists extend over a wide field, covering many branches of science, and in industry, too, a considerable part of the work consists of analytical determinations. The analytical chemist himself can do much to derive more satisfaction from his more or less subservient task and at the same time to meet more appreciation of his work.Analytical work in a large laboratory consists of: testing of materials and operating control analyses, analyses required for research work, standardisation of analytical methods and analytical research. Decentralisation of this work is often recommendable, especially as regards daily control analyses. However, there should be a central department which is thoroughly acquainted with all the analytical work in the whole laboratory, which sees to it that this work is done as efficiently as possible, which gives advice as to when and where existing methods are to be applied and which tests and developes new methods. Such an “analytical centre” is the source of analytical information for the whole staff.The large number of methods for the determination of the same magnitude and the many variations in procedure for one and the same method sometimes call for standardisation, to facilitate comparison of the results of various investigators.The analytical chemists in a laboratory should also be enabled to carry out analytical research work, so as to retain the necessary freshness and keep abreast of modern developments in their field.     

Recent advances in the applications of forensic science to fire debris analysis

The forensic discipline of ignitable liquid and fire debris analysis is rapidly changing. Refinements in existing methods as well as development of new techniques are changing the routine methods of analysis. Optimization of existing extraction techniques and research into novel methods of extracting debris have improved the recovery of ignitable liquids from debris samples. The application of highly specialized instrumentation to problems of sensitivity and matrix interference has resulted in new ways of performing chemical analyses, allowing for improved limits of detection. Preliminary research in novel approaches to ignitable liquid comparisons is being evaluated, with the hopes of providing more detailed information to the field investigators. Research into a variety of areas related to fire debris analysis is ongoing, and will continue to improve the quality of ignitable liquid residue analysis.     

Preparation approaches of the coated capillaries with liposomes in capillary electrophoresis

The use of liposomes as coating materials in capillary electrophoresis has recently emerged as an important and popular research area. There are three preparation methods that are commonly used for coating capillaries with liposomes, namely physical adsorption, avidin–biotin binding and covalent coupling. Herein, the three different coating methods were compared, and the liposome-coated capillaries prepared by these methods were evaluated by studying systematically their EOF characterization and performance (repeatability, reproducibility and lifetime). The amount of immobilized phospholipids and the interactions between liposome or phospholipid membrane and neutral compounds for the liposome-coated capillaries prepared by these methods were also investigated in detail. Finally, the merits and disadvantages for each coating method were reviewed.