具有荧光探针的靶向肽/聚(醚-酰胺)制备及其肝癌细胞靶向性能研究

通过端氨基聚乙二醇PEG(Ⅰ)与二亚乙基三胺五乙酸二酐(DTPAA)开环合成新型端氨基聚(醚-酰胺)(PEG/DTPA)共聚物造影剂配体(Ⅱ)(Step1);Ⅱ的端氨基与偶联剂3-马来酰亚胺苯甲酸-N-琥珀酰亚胺酯(MBS)的活化端COOH反应,生成偶联剂/聚(醚-酰胺)MB/PEG/DTPA(Ⅲ′)(Step2);再通过Ⅲ′中MBS的CC双键与肝癌细胞靶向黏附肽FAM-AGKGTPSLETTPC-(SH)-COOH(FAM-13)上的巯基SH发生Michael加成反应(Step3),合成含有荧光探针FAM(5-carboxyfluorescein)的肝癌靶向肽/聚(醚-酰胺)(FAM-13/PEG/DTPA,Ⅲ).用1H-NMR和13C-NMR等方法对共聚物进行表征.Ⅲ对正常肝细胞L-02几乎观察不到荧光现象,而对肝癌细胞BEL-7404则有很强的黄绿色荧光,Ⅲ对肝癌细胞有很强的靶向性.大分子配体Ⅲ可望用于制备大分子造影剂及靶向载体负载药物.     

肝靶向性聚天冬酰胺磁共振成像造影剂

用吡哆胺(PM)作为肝靶向基团,先与DTPA双N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺活性酯(SuO-DTPA-OSu)反应生成含一个吡哆胺的DTPA单N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺活性酯(SuO-DTPA-PM),再分别与α,β-聚(2-羟乙基)-L-天冬酰胺和α,β-聚(2-胺乙基)-L-天冬酰胺反应,合成了2类肝靶向性大分子配体,并制备了它们的Gd(Ⅲ)配合物.对所合成的大分子配体以及钆配合物进行了表征.测试了配合物的弛豫率.初步测试大分子载体PHEA和PAEA及其钆配合物的细胞毒性.研究了大分子配体在小白鼠体内分布和大分子钆配合物对大白鼠肝脏造影成像性能.结果表明,与临床广泛应用的小分子磁共振成像造影剂Gd-DTPA相比,以上2类大分子造影剂的弛豫率有明显的提高,并且具有较好的肝靶向性和肝脏成像对比度及清晰度.     

1-芳酰基-4-取代吡唑甲酰基氨基硫脲和环化产物的合成及生物活性

利用1-苯基-3-甲基-5-氯-4-吡唑甲酰基异硫氰酸酯(Ⅰ)与芳酰肼(Ⅱ)的加成反应合成了系列新的酰胺基硫脲衍生物(Ⅲ),并将Ⅲ在酸性条件下进行环化反应得到2-取代吡唑甲酰基氨基-5-芳基-1,3,4-噻二唑(Ⅳ).生物活性测定结果表明部分化合物Ⅲ和Ⅳ具有较好的除草活性.     

大分子对磁共振造影剂配体改性的研究进展

磁共振成像造影剂是一种信号增强剂,在临床上已有广泛应用。本文介绍了磁共振造影剂配体的种类、结构、改性研究情况和发展趋势,并通过弛豫理论解释合成大分子配体的原因。将含有大分子、靶向性、天然大分子、荧光探针的配体与顺磁性金属Gd（Ⅲ）螯合,制得功能磁共振造影剂,可有效增加弛豫效果和降低生物毒性。     

肝组织特异性非离子型高分子磁共振造影剂的制备及性能评价

L-酪氨酸甲酯与DTPA双N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺活性酯(SuO-DTPA-OSu)反应,合成了含L-酪氨酸甲酯残基的DTPA单N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺活性酯(SuO-DTPA-Tyr).以EDC/NHS为媒介,通过一步反应将不同量的乳糖酸偶联到α,β-聚[(2-氨乙基)-L-天冬酰胺]上,然后将含有苯环的结构的SuO-DTPA-Tyr与联有D-半乳糖的α,β-聚[(2-氨乙基)-L-天冬酰胺]反应,合成了3种含糖量不同的大分子配体,并制备了其Gd(III)螯合物.结果表明,EDC/NHS方法操作简便,产率高且易于提纯;而SuO-DTPA-Tyr上L-酪氨酸甲酯残基的引入,不仅实现了高分子造影剂的非离子化,同时L-酪氨酸甲酯残基上的苯环结构也可以方便核磁氢谱的指认.大分子配体的细胞毒性随含糖量降低而增加,但均小于同浓度聚(L-赖氨酸)的毒性;大分子螯合物的细胞毒性与商用小分子造影剂的细胞毒性相当,但其弛豫率明显高于小分子造影剂的弛豫率;大分子螯合物在小白鼠肝部有比商用小分子造影剂(钆喷酸葡胺)更好的成像增强效果及更长的停留时间,且在注射后前6h,含D-半乳糖酸残基的大分子螯合物比不含D-半乳糖酸残基的大分子螯合物在小白鼠肝部的代谢速率慢,并呈现出更清晰的造影效果.     

糠醛缩胺型高分子-稀土发光配合物的制备及发光特性

通过三步大分子反应法,制备了糠醛缩苯胺型席夫碱功能聚砜和糠醛缩环己胺型席夫碱功能化聚砜。首先,通过傅克烷基化反应在聚砜(PSF)侧链键合氯甲基,制备氯甲基化聚砜CMPSF;以制备的氯甲基化聚砜为亲电试剂,与糠醛(FF)发生傅克烷基化反应,制备侧链键合有糠醛基团的功能化聚砜PSF-FF;使糠醛的醛基分别与苯胺(AN)和环己胺(CA)的氨基发生席夫碱反应,制备糠醛缩苯胺型席夫碱功能聚砜PSF-FA和糠醛缩环己胺型席夫碱功能化聚砜PSF-FC。用红外光谱(FTIR)和核磁共振氢谱(IHNMR)表征功能化聚砜的结构。在此基础上,以这两种功能化聚砜为大分子配体,分别与Eu(Ⅲ)离子和Tb(Ⅲ)离子进行配位,制备了二元配合物PSF-(FA)3-Eu(Ⅲ)、PSF-(FA)3-Tb(Ⅲ)和PSF-(FC)3-Eu(Ⅲ)、PSF-(FC)3-Tb(Ⅲ),初步探索了配合物的光致发光性能。重点研究了制备糠醛缩胺型功能化聚砜PSF-FA和PSF-FC的反应,考察分析了主要因素对CMPSF与FF之间傅克烷基化反应(属亲电取代反应)的影响规律。结果表明,对于该傅克烷基化反应,N,N-二甲基乙酰胺因极性较强为适宜的溶剂,反应适宜的温度为70℃。二元配合物PSF-(FA)3-Eu(Ⅲ)发射Eu(Ⅲ)离子特征荧光(红光),即大分子配体PSF-FA可敏化Eu(Ⅲ)离子的荧光发射,而PSF-(FA)_3-Tb(Ⅲ)无明显的荧光效果,大分子配体PSF-FA的三重态能级与Eu(Ⅲ)离子共振能级比较匹配;配合物PSF-(FC)3-Tb(Ⅲ)发射Tb(Ⅲ)离子的特征荧光(绿光),即大分子配体PSF-FC可敏化Tb(Ⅲ)离子的荧光发射,而PSF-(FA)_3-Eu(Ⅲ)无明显的荧光效果,大分子配体PSF-FC的三重态能级与Tb(Ⅲ)离子共振能级比较匹配。     

[Co（NH3）6]Cl3实验中制备条件对配合物形成影响的讨论

针对[Co(NH3)6]Cl3制备实验中,反应条件不同会导致生成具有不同组成的Co(Ⅲ)氨配合物这一问题,系统探讨了制备过程中在配体NH3、Cl-和H2O共存时,[Co(NH3)6]Cl3、[Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2和[Co(NH3)5(H2O)]Cl3这三种Co(Ⅲ)氨配合物的生成条件和稳定性。通过对比分析各自的形成过程和制备条件,将化学原理应用于解释实验现象,可培养学生结合理论知识对实验案例进行对比分析的探究能力。     

含磺胺嘧啶基团的葡聚糖钆配合物的研究

将具有肿瘤靶向性的磺胺嘧啶(SD)、二乙三胺五乙酸(DTPA)与葡聚糖(dextran)大分子侧链羟基偶联,合成葡聚糖大分子配体(SD-Dextran-DTPA),再与金属钆离子Gd3+配合,从而制备肿瘤靶向性葡聚糖大分子钆配合物(SD-Dextran-DTPA-Gd).对所合成的配体及钆配合物进行FTIR、UV和1H-NMR等结构表征,测试了配体及钆配合物在水溶液中的粒径分布和zeta电位、钆配合物的体外弛豫率、细胞摄取与T1加权磁共振成像性能.与小分子钆-二乙三胺五乙酸(Gd-DTPA)相比,SD-Dextran-DTPA-Gd具有较高的弛豫率,对肺癌细胞系H460、乳腺癌细胞系MDA-MB-231和T40D均有较好的亲和性,可被肿瘤细胞较好地摄取,并能获得较好的肿瘤细胞磁共振成像.     

K3[GdⅢ(nta)2(H2O)]·6H2O和(NH4)·[GdⅢ(Cydta)(H2O)2]·5H2O的合成及晶体结构

GdⅢ的配合物常被用作MRI造影剂[1,2]. GdⅢ的离子半径和电子结构分别为0.107 8 nm和高自旋f 7, 理论预测应与氨基多羧酸类配体形成稳定的九配位配合物[3～5]. 为证实理论预测并在此基础上寻找合适的可用于定向修饰的配体以及为提高GdⅢ配合物的脂溶性使其具有更好的细胞渗透性, 选择四齿配体nta和含有脂环烃的六齿配体Cydta分别合成了GdⅢ的配合物, 并测定了它们的分子结构. 结果显示, GdⅢ与nta形成九配位配合物, GdⅢ与Cydta形成八配位配合物.     

3-氨基-4-硝基呋咱和3,3’-二硝基-4,4’-偶氮呋咱的合成研究

3-氨基-4-硝基呋咱(ANF)及其衍生物是一类重要的含能材料. ANF的制备首先以乙二醛、盐酸羟胺和氢氧化钠为原料, 经过两步反应制得3,4-二氨基呋咱(DAF), 采用新的氧化体系过氧化氢/甲烷磺酸/钨酸钠混合物(H2O2/CH3SO3H/ Na2WO4)代替原氧化体系过氧化氢/硫酸/过硫酸铵混合物[H2O2/H2SO4/(NH4)2S2O8]氧化DAF以67%的产率获得了ANF. 然后在单电子氧化体系高锰酸钾/盐酸混合物作用下ANF发生氧化反应以54.7%的产率得到3,3’-二硝基- 4,4’-偶氮呋咱(DNAzF). 研究表明过氧化氢/甲烷磺酸/钨酸钠混合物是制备氨基硝基单/多呋咱非常有效的氧化体系.     

稀土铕离子标记抗-乙型肝炎表面抗体

结合生命科学中生物活性物质的高灵敏度分析检测方法研究,组装了时间分辨激光荧光免疫分析装置;合成了稀土离子与蛋白质联接的双向螯合剂－二乙三胺五乙环酐（ＤＴＰＡＡ）;纯化了抗－乙型肝炎表面抗体;研究了Ｅｕ＾３－ＤＴＰＡＡ－抗－乙型肝炎表面抗体制备过程;确定了标记物制备的最佳条件;依据解离增强原理,采用时间分辩激光荧光光谱技术,对Ｅｕ（β－ＮＴＡ）３（ＴＯＰＯ）２螯合物的有关参数进行了测定。     

酰胺二醇与DTPA和EDTA双酸酐共聚形成寡聚物配体的合成

报道了5个酰胺二醇及其与DTPA双酸酐和EDTA双酸酐共聚得到寡聚物配体的合成方法。这类新型寡聚物同时含有酰胺基及酯基官能团，可望在形成顺磁性配合物后用作MRI造影剂时赋予造影剂组织特异性。     

Simple method for quantification of gadolinium magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents using ESR spectroscopy

To develop an estimation method of gadolinium magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents, the effect of concentration of Gd compounds on the ESR spectrum of nitroxyl radical was examined. A solution of either 4-oxo-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (TEMPONE) or 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (TEMPOL) was mixed with a solution of Gd compound and the ESR spectrum was recorded. Increased concentration of gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid chelate (Gd-DTPA), an MRI contrast agent, increased the peak-to-peak line widths of ESR spectra of the nitroxyl radicals, in accordance with a decrease of their signal heights. A linear relationship was observed between concentration of Gd-DTPA and line width of ESR signal, up to approximately 50 mmol/L Gd-DTPA, with a high correlation coefficient. Response of TEMPONE was 1.4-times higher than that of TEMPOL as evaluated from the slopes of the lines. The response was slightly different among Gd compounds; the slopes of calibration curves for acua[N,N-bis[2-[(carboxymethyl)[(methylcarbamoyl)methyl]amino]ethyl]glycinato(3-)]gadolinium hydrate (Gd-DTPA-BMA) (6.22 μT·L/mmol) and gadolinium-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid chelate (Gd-DOTA) (6.62 μT·L/mmol) were steeper than the slope for Gd-DTPA (5.45 μT·L/mmol), whereas the slope for gadolinium chloride (4.94 μT·L/mmol) was less steep than that for Gd-DTPA. This method is simple to apply. The results indicate that this method is useful for rough estimation of the concentration of Gd contrast agents if calibration is carried out with each standard compound. It was also found that the plot of the reciprocal square root of signal height against concentrations of contrast agents could be useful for the estimation if a constant volume of sample solution is taken and measured at the same position in the ESR cavity every time.     

叶酸介导的靶向性钆造影剂的制备及弛豫性能研究

在弱碱性的条件下，叶酸活化酯与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)反应生成叶酸-牛血清白蛋白偶联物(叶酸-BSA)，该偶联物再与二乙三胺五乙酸(DTPA)的酸酐反应，最后与GdCl₃进行螯合制得叶酸-BSA-(Gd-DTPA)_n。配合物的结构通过紫外光谱法进行了鉴定，并定量测定了配合物中叶酸、Gd-DTPA对BSA的偶联率。通过测定配合物的体外弛豫时间T₁，进一步分析其弛豫性能R₁。结果表明本研究制得的叶酸-BSA-(Gd-DTPA)_n配合物中叶酸的偶联率约为5，体外弛豫性能R1约为6×10^-3 L·mmol^-1·ms^-1，与未偶联叶酸的BSA-(Gd-DTPA)_n的弛豫性能无显著性差异，且比小分子Gd-DTPA的弛豫性能提高了3倍左右。     

Synthesis and Characterization of 2-Decyl-DTPA and Its Gd(Ⅲ) Chelate

The present paper covers the synthesis and the characterization of ligand 2-decyl-3, 6, 9-tris(carboxymethyl)-3,6,9-triazaundecan-1,11-dioic acid, H5L, and its Gd(Ⅲ) chelate. The protonation constants for H5L(lgKHi=10.90, 8.50, 4.55, 2.92, 2.20) and the stability constant for GdL2- (lgKGdL2-=22.80) were determined by means of potentiometric titration. They are similar to the corresponding values of DTPA and Gd-DTPA, respectively. The results obtained show that the basicity of the ligand and the stability constant of its Gd(Ⅲ) chelate are not obviously altered after the introduction of a linear chain decyl group into the terminal acetic acid residue of DTPA. The Gd(Ⅲ) chelate may be a potential contrast agent with liver-specificity for magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).     

以硫醚为主链的螯合树脂研究──Ⅱ．2－氨基噻唑树脂的合成及吸附性能

聚环硫丙烷和环硫氯丙烷与环氧氯丙烷共聚物，在少量二乙烯三胺存在下制得交联聚合物，将交联聚合物与２－氨基噻唑反应，制得二种侧链带有氨基噻唑的新型螯合树脂．它们对贵金属具有优良的吸附性能和高的吸附选择性．通过Ｘ－射线光电子能谱初步探讨了树脂对金属离子的螯合作用．     

酰胺衍生寡聚DTPA钆配合物的合成、表征及弛豫性能

以寡聚二乙撑三胺-N,N′-二(乙酰苯胺)-N,N′,N″-三乙酸([H₃L]_n)为配体, 与GdCl₃在二甲基甲酰胺-水混合溶剂中组装得到了寡聚金属螯合物. 采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、元素分析、核磁共振氢谱(¹H NMR)和热重及差热分析(TG-DTA)确定了寡聚金属螯合物的组成单元为[GdL(H₂O)]·4H₂O, 即寡聚配体的每个链节与1个金属离子配位. 采用反转恢复法测试了寡聚金属螯合物和小分子配合物Gd-DTPA(DTPA为二乙撑三胺五乙酸)的纵向弛豫时间T₁, 该寡聚金属螯合物体外弛豫率为8.526 mmol·L^-1·s^-1, 与配合物Gd-DTPA的弛豫率(4.370 mmol·L^-1·s^-1) 相比, 弛豫性能明显提高.     

Synthesis neutral rare earth complexes of diethylenetriamine-N,N'-bis(acetyl-isoniazid)-N,N',N'-triacetic acid as potential contrast enhancement agents for magnetic resonance imaging

A novel ligand, diethylenetriamine-N,N'-bis(acetyl-isoniazid)-N,N',N'-triacetic acid (H(3)L) has been synthesized from diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) and isoniazid. Ligand and its five neutral rare earth (RE=La, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb) complexes holding promise of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, molar conductivity, (1)H-NMR spectrum, FAB-MS, TG-DTA analysis and IR spectrum. The relaxivity (R(1)) of complexes and Gd(DTPA)(2-) used as a control were determined. The relaxivity of LaL, SmL, EuL, GdL, TbL and Gd(DTPA)(2-) were 0.14, 1.66, 3.14, 6.08, 2.79 and 4.34 l.mmol(-1).s(-1), respectively. The spin-lattice relaxivity of GdL was larger than that of Gd(DTPA)(2-). The relaxivity of GdL had also been investigated in human serum albumin (HSA) solution, the relaxivity of GdL was enhanced from 6.08 l.mmol(-1).s(-1) in water solution to 9.09 l.mmol(-1).s(-1) in HSA solution. In addition, thermodynamics stability constant of GdL complex was determined, the thermodynamic stability constant of GdL complex (K(GdL)=10(20.84)) was a few larger than that of Gd(DTPA)(2-) (K(Gd-DTPA)=10(20.73)). The results showed that complex of GdL may be a prospective MRI contrast agent with low osmotic pressure due to non-ion complex, high spin-lattice relaxivity, good stability and binding affinity for the serum protein.     

Synthesis and Characterization of 2-DecyI-DTPA and Its Gd （Ⅲ） Chelate

The present paper covers the synthesis and the characterization of ligand 2-decyl-3, 6, 9-tris (car-boxymethyl)-3,6,9-triazaundecan-1,11-dioic acid, HsL, and its Gd (Ⅲ) chelate. The protonation constantsfor HsL(IgKi^H= 10. 90, 8.50, 4.55, 2.92., 2.20) and the stability constant for GdL^2- (lgKGdL^2- = 2.2.80)were determined by means of potentiometric titration. They are similar to the corresponding values of DTPAand Gd-DTPA, respectively. The results obtained show that the basicity of the ligand and the stability con-stant of its Gd (Ⅲ) chelate are not obviously altered after the introduction of a linear chain decyl group intothe terminal acetic acid residue of DTPA. The Gd(Ⅲ) chelate may be a potential contrast agent with liver-specificity for magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).