CdSe纳米粒子负载的TiO2纳米带复合材料制备及其可见光催化性能

采用水热法制备了CdSe 纳米粒子负载的锐钛矿型TiO2纳米带复合材料,并对产物的晶体结构、形貌尺寸、CdSe负载量及其可见光催化性能进行了测试.结果表明,产物中CdSe纳米粒子以闪锌矿型面心立方结构负载在TiO2纳米带表面,负载量可控;虽然CdSe纳米粒子的负载降低了TiO2纳米带比表面积,但是显著增强了产物可见光吸...     

中空结构Pt纳米粒子热稳定性和形变的分子动力学研究

不同于实心结构纳米粒子,中空结构Pt纳米粒子具有低密度、高孔隙率和大的比表面积等特点,具有特殊的物理化学性质,在催化、光电子和药物输送领域有重要的应用.纳米粒子热稳定性和形变特性对其合成、应用具有重要的影响.利用分子动力学模拟研究中空结构Pt纳米粒子结构稳定性和形变过程,对不同壳层厚度的Pt纳米粒子进行分析,结果表明:在弛豫过程,温度为0.1 K时,壳层厚度为0.5 nm的Pt纳米粒子结构将发生形变,壳层厚度为1 nm、1.5 nm、2.0 nm、2.5 nm和3 nm纳米粒子结构保持几乎不变;升温过程,中空结构Pt纳米粒子塌缩时对应的温度随着壳层厚度增加而升高;塌缩过程所经历的温度区间很窄,空心结构短时间内突变为实心结构,另外,中空结构纳米粒子塌缩后,内部原子重新排列,仍保持有序的fcc结构.     

AgNPs/MIL-101(Cr)纳米复合材料的制备及其SERS光谱应用

金属有机框架(Metal Organic Frameworks,MOFs)是一类新型的多孔状的高结晶性材料。MOFs借助于过渡金属离子和有机配体的有序组装,以配位作用构筑起晶体结构。MOFs材料可作为纳米粒子的稳定载体用于与金属纳米粒子组合形成新型的纳米复合材料。这一新型的纳米复合材料可作为SERS基底应用于SERS光谱分析研究。我们将Ag纳米粒子封装在MIL-101(Cr)这种MOFs材料中,MOFs材料所具备的大的比表面积和多孔状的结构可使分析物分子预富集且更加接近金属银纳米粒子表面,从而有助于改善SERS光谱分析与检测性能。借助于多种表征手段与数据分析,我们对此纳米复合材料的制备条件进行了优化。以对巯基吡啶为光谱探针表征了该纳米复合材料的SERS光谱活性,计算了增强因子。在此基础上,将该纳米复合材料用于水溶液中超痕量葡萄糖的SERS光谱检测,探讨了应用SERS光谱技术对葡萄糖进行定量分析的可行性。     

Keggin结构纳米硅钨酸铵的室温固相合成与物性

首次以H4SiW12 O40·2 2H2 O和 (NH4) 2 C2 O4·H2 O为原料 ,室温固相反应合成出 (NH4) 4 SiW12 O40 纳米微粒 ;用元素分析、FTIR确定产物的组成和结构 ;XRD、TEM和BET对产物的形貌、晶粒尺寸和比表面积进行了表征 ;TG DTA确定了产物的稳定温区 .结果表明 ,产物为纳米粒子 ,平均粒径为 6 0nm ,比表面积为 10 8.7m2 /g ,在 4 30℃以下具有良好的热稳定性 .在固相反应中 ,研磨和放热反应热效应能加快反应物扩散速率和生成物成核速率 ,使产物粒径减小 ;反应物含有结晶水和生成物H2 C2 O4·2H2 O ,对形成小粒径的 (NH4) 4 SiW12 O40 纳米粒子起关键作用 .     

球型和棒状金纳米粒子的光谱性质比较

柠檬酸钠还原和诱导晶种生长法合成了球型和棒状金纳米粒子。金纳米粒子的吸收光谱表明,表面等离子体共振(SPR)强烈依赖于金属粒子的形状,球型粒子表现为单-SPR谱峰,而棒状粒子则具有横向和纵向SPR谱峰,且纵向SPR峰位和强度取决于棒状粒子的径横比。棒状金纳米粒子对吸附的对巯基苯甲酸分子的拉曼散射比球型金纳米粒子具有更强的表面增强性能,归因于棒状粒子高能晶面上的吸附可能导致的更强的化学增强效应。     

炸药爆轰制备纳米石墨粉储放氢性能实验研究

介绍了一种新的制备纳米石墨粉的方法——炸药爆轰法.通过对爆轰合成的黑色粉末进行x射线衍射分析，确认其为六方结构的纳米石墨，平均晶粒度为1.86—2.61nm.用BET气体吸附仪测试纳米石墨粉的比表面积约为500—650m2/g，由比表面积计算得到的纳米石墨粒度为4.41—6.85nm.在室温（≈290K）和12MPa压力条件下对纳米石墨粉进行储放氢气性能测试，结果表明纳米石墨粉样品的储放氢量为0.33wt%—0.37wt％.在相同实验条件下，纳米石墨粉原始样品的储放氢能力较原始纳米炭纤维（0.15wt%—0.35wt％）和多壁碳纳米管（0.15wt%—0.20wt％）的储放氢能力略强,但低于超级活性炭（0.92wt%—0.98wt％）.纳米碳材料的比表面积在其储放氢实验中起关键作用. 关键词： 爆轰 纳米石墨粉 比表面积 储放氢量     

适配体磁纳米探针-激光诱导荧光特异识别微囊藻毒素-LR

微囊藻毒素-LR(MC-LR)具有强烈的肝毒性、致癌性和发育毒性,亟需严格监测。为实现环境水体中微痕量MC-LR的快速特异灵敏的分析识别,以金属有机框架化合物(MOF)为介导,增强磁纳米粒子比表面积,高效负载纳米金和适配体-cDNA分子杂交荧光探针,研发新型的适配体功能化磁纳米荧光探针(Fe₃O₄@MIL-101-NH₂@Au@aptamer),实现了对MC-LR的适配体特异识别-激光诱导荧光(LIF)超高灵敏分析。论文详细研究了适配体磁纳米探针荧光检测MC-LR的可行性、 MC-LR测定的优化条件及其方法性能。结果表明：MOF修饰的磁纳米颗粒Fe₃O₄@MIL-101-NH₂的Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)比表面积达到114.02 m²·g^-1,比单一Fe₃O₄提高了近5倍,适配体-cDNA杂交荧光探针在磁纳米颗粒表面的修饰率达98%以上,适配...     

基于粒子群算法的Pt-Pd合金纳米粒子的稳定结构研究

Pt-Pd合金纳米粒子相对于Pt及Pd单晶纳米粒子均具有更好的催化活性和选择性, 研究它的稳定结构对进一步了解催化性能具有重要意义. 本文采用粒子群算法和量子修正Sutton-Chen多体势对不同尺寸、 不同组成比例的二十四面体Pt-Pd合金纳米粒子的结构稳定性进行研究. 结果表明: Pt-Pd合金纳米粒子中Pt原子趋向于分布在纳米粒子内层, 而Pd原子趋向于分布在纳米粒子外层, 且Pt, Pd原子的分布越对称有序, 其能量越低, 结构越稳定; 随着Pt原子比例的增加, 三种不同尺寸的合金纳米粒子的Warren-Cowley化学短程有序值都逐渐升高, 即纳米粒子更趋向于偏聚分布状态; 在相同比例下, 小尺寸纳米粒子的偏聚程度比大尺 寸纳米粒子的大. 关键词： 合金纳米粒子 粒子群算法 稳态结构     

新型膜状金纳米活性基底的制备及拉曼光谱增强研究

贵金属纳米粒子作为增强基底已经广泛应用于表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)研究,传统的贵金属纳米基底在制备方法、增强能力、准确性等方面仍有待改进和提高。采用一种简易、高效的方法制备出了一种具有膜状结构的新型金纳米增强基底：以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)作保护剂和粘结剂,通过化学还原法制备金纳米基底。实验考察了还原剂种类、反应温度、体系pH和柠檬酸钠浓度对反应的影响,制备出增强效果最佳的新型膜状金纳米基底。利用罗丹明B作为探针分子,考察基底的SERS特征,其增强因子可达6.5×105。利用扫描电镜(SEM)对纳米粒子的结构进行了表征,结果表明其具有膜状结构,且比表面积大,利于分子的吸附。相比于传统的贵金属纳米基底,该实验所制备的新型膜状金纳米基底增强效果更佳、灵敏度和准确度更高,具有很大的应用前景。     

纳米金红石TiO2光催化剂的水解合成及其性能

采用水解法在323 K制备了比表面积较大的纳米金红石TiO₂光催化剂,并通过X射线衍射（XRD）、BET比表面积测试法、紫外-可见吸收光谱（UV-Vis）、红外光谱（IR）和光电化学（PEC）测量对纳米光催化剂进行了表征。以甲基橙为光催化反应的模型化合物,在比表面积相近的条件下,对纳米金红石和锐钛矿TiO₂光催化剂的光催化活性进行了评价。光催化实验结果表明：比表面积为～95 m2·g-1时,比表面积相近的金红石和锐钛矿的紫外光催化活性相当, 但金红石的可见光催化活性明显高于锐钛矿的可见光催化活性。光电化学实验表明: 在紫外光照射下催化剂的光电流密度从弱到强的顺序与其紫外光催化活性从低到高的次序一致。     

Chemical reactivity and thermal stability of nanometric alkali metal hydrides

The chemical reactivities of nano-NaH particles were compared with those of the commercial ones in three test reactions. Large specific surface areas of these nanoparticles are the main factor for their extremely high reactivity in comparison with their commercial counterpart when these particles are used as a chemical reagent. However, when nano-NaH is used as a cocatalyst with Cp₂TiCl₂, activated surface with high surface energy seems to be the main factor for its high catalytic activity. The thermal stability and chemical reactivity of nanoparticles of lithium hydride, sodium hydride and potassium hydride have been studied. The average particle sizes of lithium, sodium and potassium hydrides before heat treatment are 22, 23 and 19 nm, respectively. Catalytic hydrogenation of olefins and hydrodechlorination of chlorobenzene were employed as test reactions for the chemical reactivities of these nanoparticles treated at different temperatures. The nanoparticles grow with the increase of heat treatment temperature, and the BET specific surface areas decrease simultaneously. An activation of the nanometric hydride surface is evident via the heat treatment under suitable temperatures.     

Pseudo-template synthesis of gold nanoparticles based on polyhydrosilanes

Highly stable colloidal gold nanoparticles are obtained in a pseudo-template system using a specific polyhydrosilane copolymeric structure. This process takes place in situ by microwaves activation of the polymer solution in a non-polar solvent followed by stirring with solid HAuCl₄ in natural light. The experimental procedure is very simple and the resulted colloidal gold solution is indefinitely stable. The specific surface plasmon resonance absorption band of the gold nanoparticles is strongly red shifted and is strictly related to their size. AFM correlated with DLS analysis showed flattened round shaped colloidal polymer-gold nanoparticles with large diameters. SEM-EDX combined analysis reveals that the polysilane-gold nanoparticles show a natural tendency to auto-assemble in close packed structures which form large areas over the polymer film surface.     

In vitro effects of cisplatin-functionalized silica nanoparticles on chondrocytes

In this study, we evaluated the combined effect of a known toxic molecule, cisplatin, in combination with relatively nontoxic nanoparticles, amorphous fumed silica, on chondrocyte cells. Cisplatin was attached to silica nanoparticles using aminopropyltriethoxy silane as a linker molecule, and characterized in terms of size, shape, specific surface area, as well as the dissolution of cisplatin from the silica surface. The primary particle diameter of the as-received silica nanoparticles ranged from 7.1 to 61 nm, estimated from measurements of specific surface area, and the primary particles were aggregated. The effects of cisplatin-functionalized silica particles with different specific surface areas (41, 85, 202, 237, and 297 m²/g) were compared in vitro on chondrocytes, the parenchymal cell of hyaline cartilage. The results show that adverse effects on cell function, as evidenced by reduced metabolic activity measured by the MTT assay and increased membrane permeability observed using the Live/Dead stain, can be correlated with specific surface area of the silica. Cisplatin-functionalized silica nanoparticles with the highest specific surface area incited the greatest response, which was almost equivalent to that induced by free cisplatin. This result suggests the importance of particle specific surface area in interactions between cells and surface-functionalized nanomaterials.     

Investigation of the evolution of the hydrated zirconia mesostructure at different stages of heat treatment

The mesostructure of amorphous xerogels based on hydrated zirconia ZrO₂ and its evolution at different stages of heat treatment have been investigated using the small-angle neutron scattering method. A correlation function of the nuclear scattering amplitude density has been obtained from experimental neutron scattering cross sections, and the characteristic radii of ZrO₂ nanoparticles and their specific surface areas have been determined. The influence of the annealing temperature on the fractal properties of the zirconia surface has been elucidated.     

Simulation of the structural state of amorphous phases in nanoscale SiO2 synthesized via different methods

The structural state in nanoscaled SiO₂ is probed experimentally via X-ray diffraction and the simulation method. The aerosil nanoparticles and nanoparticles synthesized via the electron beam evaporation are compared. The nanoparticles for all samples are shown to be in the amorphous state. The amorphous state of a SiO₂ unit lattice is simulated via the molecular dynamics. The full-profile refinement of parameters for a simulated SiO₂ phase (the Rietveld method) has allowed the complete structural information to be established at varying the specific surface. The unit cell parameters, the spatial atomic distribution and the degree of cell node occupation are determined, as well. The specific surface area is shown to decrease in aerosil nanoparticles and to increase in tarkosil nanoparticles with the increasing binding energy of atoms in a cell.

     

纳米银粒子复合膜的制备及光学性质测量

本文介绍了一种制备纳米复合薄膜的简易方法.以银胶为纳米粒子的来源,将银粒子渗入明胶基质中,成功地制备出纳米银粒子明胶复合膜及染料(FS,Rh6G)包覆纳米银粒子的复合膜.并报道了所制备的复合膜的电镜(TEM)、吸收谱和荧光光谱测量结果.     

Enhanced visible light photocatalytic properties of Fe-doped TiO2 nanorod clusters and monodispersed nanoparticles

In order to get photocatalysts with desired morphologies and enhanced visible light responses, the Fe-doped TiO₂ nanorod clusters and monodispersed nanoparticles were prepared by modified hydrothermal and solvothermal method, respectively. The microstructures and morphologies of TiO₂ crystals can be controlled by restraining the hydrolytic reaction rates. The Fe-doped photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-vis absorption spectroscopy (UV-vis), N₂ adsorption-desorption measurement (BET), and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). The refinements of the microstructures and morphologies result in the enhancement of the specific surface areas. The Fe³⁺-dopants in TiO₂ lattices not only lead to the significantly extending of the optical responses from UV to visible region but also diminish the recombination rates of the electrons and holes. The photocatalytic activities were evaluated by photocatalytic decomposition of formaldehyde in air under visible light illumination. Compared with P25 (TiO₂) and N-doped TiO₂ nanoparticles, the Fe-doped photocatalysts show high photocatalytic activities under visible light.     

集成电路芯片温度依赖的PbSe量子点PL光谱研究

制备了3.6,5.1和6.0 nm三种尺寸的胶体PbSe量子点,并对其光学特性进行实验研究。在室温条件下,实验发现小尺寸胶体PbSe量子点的光致发光光谱随温度升高发生红移; 大尺寸胶体PbSe量子点的光致发光光谱随温度升高发生蓝移。以PbSe量子点温度依赖的光致发光光谱特性为基础,提出一种新型的集成电路芯片温度检测方法。这种新型的温度检测方法是将胶体PbSe量子点沉积在集成电路板表面,使用激光器发射出平行激光束,使芯片表面的胶体PbSe量子点层光致发光,通过红外光谱仪接收光致发光光谱,实现温度的检测;利用图像采集系统对芯片表面特定微小区域成像,实现微米尺度区域的温度检测。实验结果表明,测量精度为±3 ℃,其相对误差不大于5％。     

电场辅助溶解法实现玻璃表面金纳米粒子的形貌控制

贵金属纳米粒子由于其非常独特的光学特性和表面活性, 在光子学、 催化和生物标识等方面都有非常重要的应用. 采用离子溅射和后续热处理相结合的方法在玻璃表面形成了尺寸大约为60-80 nm的单分散的球形金纳米粒子. 在适当的温度条件下, 采用步进式增加的强直流电场, 实现了金纳米粒子的电场辅助溶解过程. 在玻璃表面的不同颜色区域, 初始球形的金纳米粒子溶解成月蚀状形貌. 结合不同颜色区域内金纳米粒子的表面等离子体共振吸收性质和扫描电镜照片, 研究了实验条件对金纳米粒子性质的影响. 结合电场辅助溶解实验过程中的电流-电压特性, 分析了金纳米粒子在强直流电场辅助下溶解的物理过程: 金粒子中动出的电子向阳极的隧穿过程作为开始, 随后是金阳离子向玻璃基体中的传输过程和阴极提供的电子与带有正电荷的金粒子相结合的过程. 详细讨论了电场辅助溶解法实现金纳米粒子形貌控制的物理机制.