一种眼镜镜片缺陷自动化检测系统的研究

根据光散射原理和视觉检测的方法,研究开发了一种基于机器视觉的眼镜镜片缺陷自动化检测系统,对眼镜镜片进行图像获取、简单的图像处理与分级、分拣,实现对镜片的分类。系统采用并行机构运行,利用低角度前向照明方式获得了镜片表面和内部的斑、杂质、羽毛等缺陷图像;利用归一算法进行图像处理与分级,得到不同缺陷的识别信息。实验结果表明,系统能够检测出镜片中含有的所有缺陷,每个镜片的平均检测时间控制在2 s以内,检测精度为0.038 mm。     

基于信息量的眼镜镜片光学性能评价北大核心CSCD

针对眼镜镜片成像性能评价,根据信息论的概念,对物面与像面图像进行小波变换分解得到多个不同子频带图像,计算分解之后的各个子频带的区域互信息值(RMI)。依据人眼视觉系统对不同频率光学信号敏感度不同的特点,采用小波滤波器和人眼模型的MTF的空间频段积分比反映人眼对不同频率信号的敏感程度,以该积分比作为各频带RMI的权重系数,加权计算得到MRMI值。选取了目前市场上六款不同阿贝数和折射率的镜片进行测量实验,得到每款镜片的成像MRMI值,其定量反映了镜片的成像性能,与人眼视觉主观感知相符。     

“V”型消反射膜的工艺改善

<正> 一、理论基础光学零件的折射率n_(?),与空气折射率n_(?)之差,造成表面具有一定的反射损失.反射损失随基底折射率的增高而增加。为降低表面反射损失、提高光学系统的透过率,通常在零件表面镀一层或多层消反射膜。双层消反射膜,通常采用λ/4—λ/4膜     

光学镜片外观瑕疵视觉检测方法

介绍了一种基于计算机视觉检测光学镜片外观瑕疵的方法。该方法主要针对麻点、划痕、毛刺和破边等瑕疵，并根据瑕疵在侧面光源作用下发生漫反射，产生亮光斑或亮光带的原理，开发了基于反射检测法的瑕疵检测装置，检测装置的工作节拍不超过5 s/片。创新使用了黑体作为暗背景，提高了瑕疵的对比度。视觉检测中利用了总面积检测法来检测镜片表面的麻点和划痕，利用边缘毛刺检测法来检测镜片边缘的毛刺和破边。在试验中检测了53块直径10 mm的镜片，准确率达到100%。最后给出了基于31万像素CCD的检测结果，其中OK镜片总瑕疵量≤100 pixel，最高灰度值≤80，麻点和划痕镜片的总瑕疵量介于200 pixel～600 pixel之间，最高灰度值≤210，毛刺/破边镜片总瑕疵量≤100 pixel，最高灰度值介于200～255之间，可见麻点镜片和划痕镜片的总瑕疵量明显比毛刺/破边镜片和OK镜片高。     

MEH-PPV薄膜的光学参数计算

测量了由修正的Gilch方法制作的MEH-PPV薄膜的反射光谱, 对于玻璃基底对反射谱的影响做了修正. 利用了修正后的反射谱进行了kk变换, 获得了薄膜的折射率n. 再用计算所得的数据反算出薄膜的反射率与测量的反射谱是一致的, 获得的折射率随波长的变化与测量的吸收谱是相对应的, 对所得结果进行了误差分析.     

基于微面斜率法的粗糙表面半透明介质层光谱散射特性分析

对具有一维高斯分布粗糙表面的半透明介质层光谱散射,基于微面斜率法建立了考虑遮蔽效应的粗糙表面光谱辐射传递概率模型,采用蒙特卡罗法模拟光谱辐射能束在粗糙表面、半透明介质层介质与镜反射基底之间的多次反射、折射和吸收等传递过程。通过数值模拟,分析了介质层表面粗糙度、光谱光学厚度、折射率和基底反射率对介质层双向反射分布函数(BRDF)的影响。结果表明,表面粗糙程度不同时,反射峰值随入射角度呈现不同的变化趋势;表面粗糙度增加或折射率增大都将导致漫反射份额增大;介质层光谱光学厚度和基底反射率主要影响BRDF的数值大小,而对BRDF的分布形态影响很小。     

世界第一个高性能的透镜新材料

<正> 日本三菱人造丝公司研制成功了世界第一个高性能的丙烯酸类的透镜用树脂。新材料的特点是:薄、轻、光折射率高、质量好。适用于光电子有关领域。如眼镜、小型电视摄象机、小型仿形机等所需要的镜片。     

眼镜度数简便测量及镜片面型判别

居家自主实验是疫情期间大学开展线上实验教学新的尝试和探索,眼镜度数测量及镜片面型判别是众多创新实验中的一个典型案例。眼镜度数一般是通过专业仪器测量,论文通过分析透射过眼镜的激光点位置会随眼镜的平移而移动这个现象,提出用激光笔和直尺来测量眼镜度数的居家简便测量方案。分析了激光入射角偏转对测量精度的影响并改进了实验方法,同时给出了镜片面型判别的方法。此外本文还采用Tracker视频分析软件来进一步提高测量精度,实现了居家条件下便捷准确测量眼镜度数和镜片面型的判定。     

基于表面等离子体共振和定向耦合的光子晶体光纤传感器

设计了一种具有较大动态检测范围的新型光子晶体光纤折射率传感器。光子晶体光纤中一个空气孔镀上金纳米薄膜作为表面等离子体共振传感通道用来检测低于石英基底材料的液体折射率,一个空气孔填充待测液体作为定向耦合器通道用于检测高于石英基底材料的折射率。该传感器可以实现折射率为1.32~1.52范围内的检测,且具有较高的传感灵敏度。在各向异性的完美匹配层(PML)下利用全矢量有限元法(FEM)对该传感器特性进行了数值研究,结果表明:在1.32~1.44和1.46~1.52的折射率范围该折射率传感器灵敏度最高分别可达13500 nm/RIU和28700 nm/RIU,RIU为折射率单位。     

折射率随膜层厚度而变化的非均匀干涉膜层

具有折射率梯度的光学玻璃表面上的非均匀透明膜,可用于干涉镀层的消色差。关于非均匀膜的问题,有许多理论性的文献都已基本上阐述过。当基底与膜层间的界面上第一层有非均匀的折射率时,双层透光膜层上具有低剩余反射的光谱区扩大,这样,实际上要使用非均匀膜。具有高折射率的材料要求透光以及折射率有大的差别,要降低两胶合零件界面的反射时,采用具有折率梯度的镀层。现在已研究出在真空中,用蒸发法改变折射率给定形状的镀层工艺。本文介绍具有非均匀膜的玻璃表面光谱反射的计算,非均匀膜的折射率按接近玻璃     

Influence of the refractive index and dispersion of spectacle lens on its imaging properties

The paper shows an influence of the refractive index and dispersion of the spectacle lens on its imaging properties. Relations are presented for calculation of radii of curvature of anastigmatic spectacle lenses and their chromatic aberration. Moreover, the formulas are derived for calculation of the change of astigmatism of spectacle lens due to dispersion of spectacle lens material.     

Measuring optical properties of an eye lens using magnetic resonance imaging

We compare the focal lengths of porcine lenses measured optically and by using a novel MRI technique. The geometric properties of the lenses were also measured and compared. The MRI technique exploits the dependence of both the lens refractive index and relaxation rates on the local protein concentration. By measuring the refractive index and corresponding values of R2 (=1/T2) for samples of lens homogenates with different protein concentrations, the dependence of refractive index on R2 was determined empirically. R2 maps, constructed from monoexponential fits to multiecho images of a slice through the lens containing the optical axis, were converted to refractive index maps using this relationship. A simulated ray trace through the refractive index map provided an estimate of lens focal length that was compared to a direct optical measurement of focal length using a laser ray-tracing method. It was found that the mean focal lengths estimated from the two techniques agreed within experimental uncertainty. The refractive index profile along the optical axis was found to be well described by a simple function of the form n=n0 + n1 x ra where r is the (normalized) lens radius.     

梯度折射率球透镜的制备及其光线轨迹测试

自麦克斯韦鱼眼透镜理论模型提出后,长期以来学术界一直以为它只是一种绝对光学仪器,在实践中并没有应用的可能。但通过对麦克斯韦鱼眼微球透镜的理论研究表明,在一定条件下,它具有良好的成像性能和耦合效率。根据菲克定律推导出梯度折射率球透镜的折射率分布函数。并且熔制了含Li+硅酸盐玻璃和采用槽沉法以及Na+/Li+离子交换法制备直径为0.3—3.0mm的梯度折射率球透镜。通过干涉法测得了梯度折射率球透镜的折射率分布曲线,并研究了光线通过梯度折射率球透镜的轨迹。研究结果表明:在590℃,离子扩散系数为3.07×10-6mm2/s;所制备的梯度折射率球透镜的折射率分布是抛物线分布,并且和理论分析相吻合;梯度折射率球透镜的光线轨迹满足椭圆方程。     

利用Mach-Zehnder干涉仪测量晶体的折射率与光学均匀性

本文介绍了利用Ｍａｃｈ－Ｚｅｈｎｄｅｒ干涉仪测量平板状透明介质折射率的方法，给出了测量公式，分析了各种测量误差以及可能达到的测量精度。通过对纯质ＬｉＮｂＯ３晶体片的折射率ｎｅ的测量，证实了该方法的可行性，并表明其特别适合于高折射率的各向异性晶体片折射率的测量。     

Performance evaluation of GRIN lenses by ray tracing method

Plastic gradient-index lenses produce clear images with negligible aberration and distortion. One of the methods for fabricating these lenses involves pulling up the core fiber vertically from a polymer solution whose refractive index has been adjusted to the desired value. Since the molecules from the solution diffuse into the inner layer, the monomer components are distributed in the radial direction. The monomer distribution is fixed in the photopolymerization process, and this forming process is repeated several times with adjusting the composition of the solution; hence, a specific refractive index distribution is obtained. We considered a numerical model of the interdiffusion process and analyzed refractive index distribution that could well reproduce the experimental results. Moreover, we employed the ray tracing method to calculate the modulation transfer function and used the transfer function to evaluate the GRIN lens performance. Simulation results showed that our evaluation method well duplicates the experimental results. We thus developed an integrated simulation method for the fabrication and performance evaluation of GRIN lenses.     

Fabrication of gradient refractive index ball lenses

The theoretical model of the Maxwell fish eye sphere lens has long been regarded as an absolute optical instrument without practical application since it was proposed. But the study on the theory of Maxwell fish eye micro-spherical lens shows that at certain condition it has fine image formation ability and coupling efficiency. Based on the Fick's diffusion equations, the distribution function of refractive index of gradient refractive index (GRIN) ball lenses is derived. Lithium-containing silicate glass is fabricated and GRIN ball lenses whose diameters are from 0.3 to 3.0 mm are made by ion exchange and the sagging method in sodium nitrate. Radial refractive index profiles of these GRIN ball lens are measured by interferometer. Results show that the distribution of the index of refraction is a parabolic curve and in concordance with the computational consequence and its Δn is 0.0002.     

基于改进哈特曼法的眼镜片全孔径屈光度测量

自由曲面镜片的发展和普及,对现有的屈光度测量方法提出了挑战,也要求新的测量方法具有更高的精度以及更好的可靠性。因此,介绍了传统哈特曼检测法测量眼镜片屈光度的测量原理并提出了一种改进方法,对球面单焦点镜片和散光镜片进行仿真测量的屈光度误差均在1%以内。对改进方法与传统方法测量所得到的渐进多焦点自由曲面镜片屈光度分布图的分析结果表明,改进哈特曼检测法相比于传统哈特曼检测法具有测量范围大,精度高的特点,能够准确反映眼镜片的屈光度分布特征。     

Aberration improvement of gradient index rod lens

The aberration of gradient index (GRIN) rod lenses induced by deviation from the ideal refractive index distribution is decreased by optimized thermal diffusion. The index distribution coefficients are estimated by a novel method. The lenses' heat treatment process and aberration testing system are described.     

Third-order design of aspheric spectacle lenses

The theory of third-order aberrations for a system of rotationally symmetric aspheric thin lenses and relations for calculation of the shape of rotationally symmetric aspheric spectacle lenses with zero astigmatism are described. A comparison of aspheric and spherical spectacle lens design is presented. Possible applications of aspheric lens surfaces are proposed including the design of a spectacle lens with two types of primary aberrations corrected, an anastigmatic spectacle lens with minimum weight and a spectacle lens with the desired aesthetic shape. Our work performs a complex analysis of the third-order design of spectacle lenses considering not only astigmatism but all types of primary aberrations and their combinations.     

OCT图像法测量折射率

基于光程匹配原理提出了一种用光学相干断层成像(OCT)系统获得的图像测量样品折射率的方法。通过分析光程匹配原理,给出用OCT图像法测量样品折射率的原理及过程。以玻璃载波片和黄瓜组织为样品进行实验。实验结果表明,用OCT图像法获得的载玻片和黄瓜组织的折射率测量值分别为1.499和1.353,与发表或已知的折射率结果相吻合,测试结果的随机误差可小于0.01。另外,使用OCT图像法通过短时间所采集的两幅图像可对横向扫描任意位置的折射率同时进行测量。该方法进一步简化了基于光程匹配原理的折射率测量法的过程,缩短了测量时间,是一种快速测量样品折射率的实用方法。