理想自聚焦棒透镜和Maxwell鱼眼微球透镜对有限远物点成像及球差

本文用变折射率介质中的光线理论研究了具有双曲正割折射率分布的理想自聚焦棒透镜对有限远物点成像的像距及其纵、横向球差的计算公式。并将它与Ｍａｘｗｅｌｌ鱼眼微球透镜对有限远物点的成像作对比。严格的数值计算结果表明：两类透镜的纵、横向球差都随折射率梯度的增强而减小。弱梯度时棒透镜比球镜的球差小；但强梯度短物距时球透镜可达到比棒透镜的球差小一、两个数量级。     

麦克斯韦鱼眼微球透镜的研究

自麦克斯韦鱼眼透镜理论模型提出后，长期以来学术界一定以为它只是一种色对光学仪器，在实践中并没有应用的可能。但通过对麦克斯韦鱼眼微球透镜的理论研究表明，在一定条件下，它具有良好的成像性能和耦合效率。采用复合结构及多阶段离子交换工艺可制备出优质的麦克斯韦鱼眼球透镜，在微小光学和集成光学具有诱人的应用前景。     

变折射率球透镜的研制

本文报导一种球面梯度透镜,它是用离子交换方法制得的。文章从菲克定律出发求得了折射率分布函数。并推导了在梯度球中光线的轨迹方程,列举了几种折射率分布的计算结果。文中还附有所拍摄干涉条纹的相片。     

聚合物梯度折射率微球透镜的研制

选取高分子单体组合,用悬浮扩散共聚法研制具有球对称梯度折射率(Gradient Refractive Index,GRIN)的微型聚合物球透镜.用剪切干涉法测定微透镜试样的折射率剖面,根据分布曲线的特征调整、优化制备工艺条件,成功获得直径0.3～1.4 mm、透明、在半径的全程范围具有球对称折射率梯度,折射率差ΔN为0.006～0.014的微型聚合物球透镜.     

球对称折射率分布及其光程

近年来人们对变折射率分布中的球对称分布的研究日渐重视。本文进一步深入分析了球对称折射率分布,证明球对称分布中光线的倾斜度核心值即为其积分不变量;一个令人惊异的结果是,麦克斯韦透镜中任意共轭点之间的光程都相等,并可用分布参数表为π/2n₀a。     

CRIN球透镜的光线轨迹方程式的研究

由于GRIN球透镜的光线轨迹为通过对称中心的平面曲线，所以本文研究了折射率呈二次抛物线型的GRIN球透镜在极坐标下的光线轨迹方程式。     

非圆柱形发散梯度折射率棒透镜光线传播轨迹的解析解族

本文研究光线在具有非圆柱形等折射率面的发散型梯度折射率棒透镜中的传播规律,提出在轴向弱非匀条件(即dg~(-1)(z)/dz<<1下近轴子午光线轨迹的一种解析表达式.从该解析式的解析解,棒透镜梯度参数g(z)所满足的条件出发,导出棒透镜的折射率分布族.文中给出了两个线性无关的光线传播轨迹的解析解族,并以一种发散型棒透镜为例讨论了近轴成像特性.     

随机折射率分布参数对梯度折射率棒状透镜阵列轨迹的影响

通过统计线性化研究梯度折射率棒状透镜的离散分布参数对光线追迹的影响,介绍了获得平均值和方差的一种方法。根据所研究的例子,发现光线轨迹明显地受到离散参数的影响。     

变折射率透镜的研究和发展现状

变折射率介质是折射率按一定规律变化的介质,又称为非均匀介质、梯度折射率介质或渐变折射率介质.这种介质在自然界普遍存在.早在公元100年,就有人研究大气层(非均匀介质)的折射现象.在光学系统中,麦克斯韦在1854年首先设计了折射率对某点呈球对称的“鱼眼”透镜.1905年,伍德设计了一个折射率和径向距离有关的伍德透镜.但由于制作工艺没有解决,因而变折射率透镜发展十分缓慢. 1968年,日本北野一郎等人[1]首先采用离子交换工艺制成变折射率透镜,称为自聚焦透镜.此后,人们对这领域的理论、制作工艺、测试、光学设计、加工、器件等方面作了较深…     

正方形自聚焦透镜光线理论研究

针对正方形自聚焦透镜折射率分布特点,引入方向角概念,以平方律表征其折射率分布.从理论上研究了平方律折射率分布下正方形自聚焦透镜的光线轨迹方程,得到了子午光线表达式.结果表明,与传统径向自聚焦透镜相比,正方形自聚焦透镜的光线轨迹受光线入射方向角影响,会产生较大像差.得到了正方形自聚焦透镜数值孔径表达式,表明数值孔径并非常量,且与方向角密切相关.计算了中心轴上的最大数值孔径,方向角为0°时最小为0.405,方向角为45°时最大值0.5以上.     

Fabrication of gradient refractive index ball lenses

The theoretical model of the Maxwell fish eye sphere lens has long been regarded as an absolute optical instrument without practical application since it was proposed. But the study on the theory of Maxwell fish eye micro-spherical lens shows that at certain condition it has fine image formation ability and coupling efficiency. Based on the Fick's diffusion equations, the distribution function of refractive index of gradient refractive index (GRIN) ball lenses is derived. Lithium-containing silicate glass is fabricated and GRIN ball lenses whose diameters are from 0.3 to 3.0 mm are made by ion exchange and the sagging method in sodium nitrate. Radial refractive index profiles of these GRIN ball lens are measured by interferometer. Results show that the distribution of the index of refraction is a parabolic curve and in concordance with the computational consequence and its Δn is 0.0002.     

Fabrication of gradient refractive index ball lenses using the method of combination of ion exchanging and sagging

Based on the Fick’s diffusion equations, the distribution function of refractive index of a gradient refractive index ball lens (GRIN ball lens/GBL) is derived. Lithium containing silicate glass is fabricated and GRIN ball lenses (GBLs) which diameters are from 0.3 mm to 3.0 mm are made by the method of combination of Ion exchanging and sagging in sodium nitrate. Refractive index profiles of these GBLs are measured by interferometer, and the performances such as effective focal length (EFL), back focal length (BFL) and numerical aperture (NA) between GBLs and homogeneous ball lenses (HBLs) are compared. Results show that the distribution of the index of refraction is parabolic curve and its Δn is about 0.0002, the performances of the former are super to the latter.     

Full-field measurement of surface reflectivity using a microscopy for refractive index profiling of GRIN lenses

This paper outlines an improved technique for profiling the refractive index of Graded-index (GRIN) lenses based on the measurements obtained from a reflectivity image. Reflective cross-sectional image of the GRIN lens were compared with a reflectance reference target under illumination at small incidence angles to obtain the full-field refractive index distribution of the GRIN lens quickly and easily.     

Effect of crystalline lens surfaces and refractive index on image quality by model simulation analysis

The surfaces and refractive index of crystalline lens play an important role in the optical performance of human eye.On the basis of two eye models,which are widely applied at present,the effect of lens surfaces and its refractive index distribution on optical imaging is analyzed with the optical design software ZEMAX (Zemax Development Co.,San Diego,USA).The result shows that good image quality can be provided by the aspheric lens surfaces or (and) the gradient-index (GRIN) distribution.It has great potential in the design of intraocular lens (IOL).The eye models with an intraocular implantation are presented.     

Multistep ion exchange processes of gradient refractive index rod lens

A mathematical model for research on the refractive index profile (RIP) of multistep ion exchange processes (IEPs) of gradient refractive index rod lenses (GRINs) is established by the different initial condition and boundary condition, based on the Fickian diffusion equation. GRIN rod lenses have been fabricated using the three-step IEPs. Research results indicate that the experimental deviations of refractive index (DRI) are in good agreement with the theoretical data. The DRI of three-step IEPs is superior to the one- and two-step IEPs and smaller than 10(-5).     

Aberration improvement of gradient index rod lens

The aberration of gradient index (GRIN) rod lenses induced by deviation from the ideal refractive index distribution is decreased by optimized thermal diffusion. The index distribution coefficients are estimated by a novel method. The lenses' heat treatment process and aberration testing system are described.     

梯度折射率透镜在口腔内窥镜中的设计与应用

作为口腔内窥镜的摄像镜头，利用梯度折射率透镜质量轻、体积小、结构简单、分辨率高、成像景深大的优点，研制出一套适合医患交流及进行口腔检查与治疗的医疗装置。采用修正折射率剖面的梯度折射率透镜, 降低系统渐晕，减小畸变,获取口腔内部图像，经CCD光电转换装置转换成电信号，再将电信号经过数字信号处理以后，将该数字信息存储于计算机内部或在显示器上显示出来。口腔内窥镜是集梯度折射率透镜、光学原理、光学材料与加工、微电子、数字成像技术等为一体的新型医疗设备。特别是采用经修正的梯度折射率透镜制造的口腔内窥镜成像清晰, 在图像畸变、景深等方面优于现有产品，而且便于对患者的各种信息进行管理、查询、输出等。     

Performance evaluation of GRIN lenses by ray tracing method

Plastic gradient-index lenses produce clear images with negligible aberration and distortion. One of the methods for fabricating these lenses involves pulling up the core fiber vertically from a polymer solution whose refractive index has been adjusted to the desired value. Since the molecules from the solution diffuse into the inner layer, the monomer components are distributed in the radial direction. The monomer distribution is fixed in the photopolymerization process, and this forming process is repeated several times with adjusting the composition of the solution; hence, a specific refractive index distribution is obtained. We considered a numerical model of the interdiffusion process and analyzed refractive index distribution that could well reproduce the experimental results. Moreover, we employed the ray tracing method to calculate the modulation transfer function and used the transfer function to evaluate the GRIN lens performance. Simulation results showed that our evaluation method well duplicates the experimental results. We thus developed an integrated simulation method for the fabrication and performance evaluation of GRIN lenses.     

半导体激光器光束远场特性研究

精确测量了半导体激光器远场分布并与新的远场理论模型作了细致的比较，结果表明新模型在很大的角度范围内与测量数据准确地符合。