2,6-二氨基-3,5-二硝基吡啶-1-氧化物的合成新方法

研究了2,6-二氨基-3,5-二硝基吡啶-1-氧化物(ANPyO)的合成新方法. 以2,6-二氨基吡啶为起始原料, 经酰基化、N-氧化、硝化三步反应得到ANPyO, 总收率为75%. 测试了ANPyO的爆速、爆压、DSC, 以及电火花感度和落锤感度, 同1,3,5-三氨基-2,4,6-三硝基苯(TATB)的性能进行了对比, 结果表明ANPyO综合性能和TATB基本相当. 用1H NMR, MS和红外光谱对ANPyO及其中间体结构进行了表征.     

1-氧-2,6-二氨基-3,5-二硝基吡嗪(LLM-105)的合成

经四个反应步骤合成了新型钝感高能炸药1-氧-2,6-二氨基-3,5-二硝基吡嗪(LLM-105),给出了各步产物的基本理化性质,并采用FT-IR、~1HNMR及MS等分析手段表征了各步产物。     

低价钛引起的(3-氧代-1,3-二芳基)丙基丙二腈的还原环化反应

报道了低价钛试剂(TiCl-Zn体系)与(3-氧代-1,3-二芳基)丙基丙二腈的反应.研究发现,低价钛可引起(3-氧代-1,3-二芳基)丙基丙二腈的成环反应,生成2-氰基-3,5-二芳基-1-氨基环戊烯、反式和顺式2-氨基-3-氰基-1,4-二芳基-2-环戊烯-1-醇3种产物,并用X射线衍射法确定了后两种异构体的构型.     

3,3-二{2,2-二[4-(N,N-二取代氨基)苯基]乙烯基}-4,5,6,7-四氯-2-苯并[c]呋喃酮的合成

在对甲苯磷酸存在下,采用1,1-二[4-(N,N-二取代氨基)苯基]乙烯(3)和四氯苯酐在乙酸酐溶液中的缩合反应合成了3,3-二{2,2-二[4-(N,N-二取代氨基)苯基]乙烯基}-4,5,6,7-四氯-2-苯并[c]呋喃酮(4),产率89～93％。3由4,4＇-二(N,N-二取代氨基)二苯甲酮(1)与甲基碘化镁进行Grignard反应的产物经水解再脱水制得,产率85％～88.5％(以1为基准)。     

八元瓜环对1,ω-二(2-氨基吡啶)烷烃光致环加成反应的超分子催化性能的研究

合成了三种不同链长的1,ω-二(2-氨基吡啶)烷烃,分别为二溴化1,4-二(2-氨基吡啶)丁烷(C4)、二溴化1,6-二(2-氨基吡啶)己烷(C6)、二溴化1,8-二(2-氨基吡啶)辛烷(C8).考察了八元瓜环(Q[8])与上述三种1,ω-二取代烷烃的主客体相互作用,运用1H NMR及UV-vis证明三种客体与Q[8]的作用模式均不相同.在此基础上,考察了八元瓜环对三种底物光致环加成反应的超分子催化性能.结果表明,由于三种底物与Q[8]的主客体作用模式不同,八元瓜环对它们光二聚反应的超分子催化性能也各有差异.     

ANPZ的合成及ANPZ·DMSO(1∶1)晶体结构

富氮杂环化合物被认为是理想的高威力含能材料,因为这些化合物大多具有高的分子密度、低易损性和正的生成焓[1]。2,6-二氨基-3,5-二硝基吡嗪(ANPZ)是一种富氮杂环含能材料,也是合成新型高能钝感含能材料2,6-二氨基-3,5-二硝基吡嗪-1-氧化物(LLM-105)的前体。美国DuPont公司的Do     

一个简易的2,6-二氨基-3,5-二硝基吡啶-1-氧化物的合成方法

研究了2,6-二氨基-3,5-二硝基吡啶-1-氧化物(DADNP-1-O)的一个简易合成方法. 该方法是以2,6-二氨基吡啶(DAP)为原料, 利用两步法得到高纯度高产率的2,6-二氨基-3,5-二硝基吡啶, 再在三氟乙酸和双氧水作用下进行N-氧化反应得到DADNP-1-O, 总收率在90%以上, 并对主要反应影响因素进行了讨论, 经傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT2IR), 氢核磁(1H NMR), 碳核磁(13C NMR), 高效液相色谱(HPLC), 元素分析, DSC等方法对中间体和DADNP-1-O结构进行了表征.     

3,6-双(3′-氨基呋咱-4-基)-1,4-二氧杂-2,5-二氮杂环己-2,5-二烯的合成及晶体结构

以3-氨基-4-酰胺肟基呋咱(AAOF)为原料合成出了含能化合物3-氨基-4-酰氯肟基呋咱(ACOF)。用稀碱3%~5%Na2CO3水溶液处理,ACOF脱去一分子HCl生成不稳定中间体3-氨基-4-氰基呋咱的氧化物(ACFO),随后发生歧化反应,生成3,4-二(氨基呋咱基)氧化呋咱(BAFF)及其异构体3,6-双(3′-氨基呋咱-4-基)-1,4-二氧杂-2,5-二氮杂环己-2,5-二烯(BADDD)。用IR、MS1、H NMR1、3C NMR和元素分析对ACOF的分子结构进行了表征。分子和晶体结构测试表明,BADDD是一具有新颖化学分子结构的化合物。     

N,N-二甲酰基-α-氨基苯乙酮与芳醛的羟醛缩合反应及3-羟基-2-甲酰氨基-1,3-二苯基-1-丙酮的晶体结构

研究了N,N-二甲酰基-α氨基苯乙酮与芳醛的羟醛缩合反应,得到5种控醛缩合产物,并用X-射线单晶衍射法测定了3-羟基-2-甲酰氨基-1,3-二苯-1-丙酮的晶体和分子结构.晶体的空间群为P1;晶体学数据:a=10.802(2)A,b=11.088(2)A,c=14.395(3)A,α=68.20(1)°,β=69.19(1)°,γ=64.35(1)°;V=1403.7(0.5)(?);D_c=1.27 g/cm~(-3).Z=4.F(000)=567.92(e).μ(MoKa)=0.83cm~(-1)。     

2-(2-喹啉偶氮)-1,3-二氨基苯与铜的显色反应

环境样品中铜的测定具有重要意义。我们曾合成了几个2-喹啉偶氮苯酚和2-喹啉偶氮苯甲酸试剂,并用于金属元素的测定。本文合成了2-(2-喹啉偶氮)-1,3-二氨基苯(QADAB),并研究了其与铜的显色反应,     

1，1－二氨基2，2－二硝基乙烯（DADE）的热化学性质、热行为和热分解机理

The constant-volume combustion energy, △cU （DADE, s, 298.15 K）, the thermal behavior, and kinetics and mechanism of the exothermic decomposition reaction of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene （DADE） have been investigated by a precise rotating bomb calorimeter, TG-DTG, DSC, rapid-scan fourier transform infrared （RSFT-IR） spectroscopy and T-jump/FTIR, respectively. The value of △cHm （DADE, s, 298.15 K） was determined as （-8518.09±4.59） j·g^-1. Its standard enthalpy of combustion, △cU （DADE, s, 298.15 K）, and standard enthalpy of formation, △fHm （DADE, s, 298.15 K） were calculated to be （-1254.00±0.68） and （- 103.98±0.73） kJ·mol^-1, respectively The kinetic parameters （the apparent activation energy Ea and pre-exponential factor A） of the first exothermic decomposition reaction in a temperature-programmed mode obtained by Kissinger＇s method and Ozawa＇s method, were Ek=344.35 kJ·mol^-1, AR= 1034.50 S^-1 and Eo=335.32 kJ·mol^-1, respectively. The critical temperatures of thermal explosion of DADE were 206.98 and 207.08 ℃ by different methods. Information was obtained on its thermolysis detected by RSFT-IR and T-jump/FTIR.     

Polyketoetheresters from 4,4′-Dichloroacetyldiphenyl Ether and their Characterization

Benzyl chloride and phenacyl chloride are reported to condense with sodium acetate or sodium benzoate, affording the corresponding esters [1–4]. This suggested that a dichloride monomer can poly condense with a sodium dioate, affording a polyester. Akhmedzade and Yasnopolskii reported one such polyester synthesis based on polycondensation of p-xylylene dihalide with sodium terephthalate [5]. As phenacyl chloride is more reactive than benzyl chloride is more reactive than benzyl chloride [4], 4,4′-dichloroacetyldiphenyl ether (DADE) should prove even more reactive than a dichloride of the Ar(CH₂Cl)₂ type. The work presented here comprises a study of the polycondensation of DADE with sodium adipate (ADP), sebacate (SEB), or terephthalate (TER).     

Micellization behavior of anionic gemini surfactants-templated manufacture of cerium oxide nanoparticles

A series of anionic gemini surfactants (GS) were synthesized from the reactant of N, N-dimethylaminoethanol (DMEA) with dicarboxylic acid diester (DADE), after the DADE was synthesized from pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and fatty alcohol. Through rational design, benzene ring was introduced into the molecular structure to work as spacer group; carboxylic acid ammonium salt with hydroxyl as functional hydrophilic head group, and double-alkyl chain performed as hydrophobic tail chains. Then, surface active properties and micellization behavior were investigated respectively. It is found that these novel molecular structure dramatically improved the surface active properties, including critical micelle concentration (CMC: 10^?3?mol/L), surface tension (γ_min: 26.5?mN/m), conductivity and absorption at interface. Moreover, GS were able to form intermolecular hydrogen bonds, which, together with rigid spacer group, greatly affected the micellization behavior in bulk solution. More importantly, the self-assembly of aggregation with different morphologies can be controlled via adjustment to solution concentration or tail chain length. Finally, GS were applied as soft templates for the shape controllable synthesis of cerium oxide (CeO₂) nanoparticles, and CeO₂ nanoparticles in diverse shapes were eventually obtained and verified, such as dorayaki shape (double-pancake shape), rod-cluster shape, lamellar shape, butterfly shape and dendrite shape.     

Friedel-Crafts Polymers. 8. Friedel-Crafts Polycondensation of β-Resorcylic Acid or Resorcinol with p-Xylylene Dichloride,p,p′-Dichloromethyldiphenyl Ether,and p,p′-Dichloroacetyldiphenyl Ether

Friedel-Crafts polycondensation of β-resorcylic acid (BRA) with p-xylylene dichloride (PXDC) or 4,4′-dichloromethyldiphenyl ether (DDE) in dioxane could be effected without simultaneous decarboxylation of BRA. The similar polycondensation of BRA with PXDC, DDE, or 4,4′-dichloroacetyldiphenyl ether (DADE) in nitrobenzene or in the absence of solvent at 150°C was associated with decarboxylation of BRA. Polymers having structures isomeric with those of the polycondensation product of BRA formed with subsequent in situ decarboxylation were prepared by Friedel-Crafts polycondensation of resorcinol with the above dichlorides. All the polymer samples were characterized, and those with related structures were compared. The ion-exchange properties of the polymer sample prepared from BRA and DDE in dioxane were studied.     

电合成2,2-二羟甲基丙酸

制备Ti/SnO2+Sb2O4/PbO2电极,电极的组分及其价态由XRD和XPS表征;该电极可将2,2-二羟甲基丙醛直接电合成2,2-二羟甲基丙酸.应用高效液相色谱分析原料和产物,电化学方法研究电合成影响因素,包括:2,2-二羟甲基丙醛浓度、溶液pH值、反应温度和氧化电位等.在优化条件下(pH=1,C醛=0.10 mol.L-1,t=15℃,E=1.8 V)电合成2,2-二羟甲基丙酸的转化率为58%,选择性36%,电流效率28%.本法为该产物的合成提供了一种新的途径.     

氧化共沉淀法制备Ce0.65Zr0.25Y0.1O1．95的结构转化过程

以氨水和碳酸铵为沉淀剂,采用氧化.共沉淀法制备了Ce0.65Zr0.25Y0.1O1.95复合氧化物,并对不同处理温度下制备的样品用热重.差示扫描分析(TG-DSC)、傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)光谱、X射线衍射(XRD)和表面分析仪(BET)等进行了表征.结果表明,共沉淀法得到的沉淀物同时含有羟基和羧基,随着焙烧温度的升高,分别在100-170 ℃、250-300℃和420-500℃温度范围内先后发生脱水、脱羟基和脱羧基反应,在此过程中固溶体逐渐形成.提出了由沉淀物转变为Ce0.65Zr0.25Y0.1O1.95复合氧化物的结构转变模型.     

Difluoromethylation of 2-Hydroxychalcones Using Sodium 2-Chloro-2,2-difluoroacetate as Difluoromethylating Agent

Difluoromethylation of 2-hydroxychalcones using sodium 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroacetate as the difluoro-methylating agent was developed. Under facile conditions, a wide range of aryl difluoromethyl ethers were obtained in yields of 36%-80%. It is noteworthy that the new addition products, 2,2-difluoro-2H-benzofuran derivatives, were also synthesized in the reactions. The yield of 2,2-difluoro-2H-benzofuran derivative could be up to 35% when 3-methyl-2-hydroxychalcone was used as the reactant. A plausible reaction mechanism was proposed.     

层层纳米自组装锆基色谱填料的表面性质研究

硅胶具备了许多色谱载体应具有的合适的表面物理化学参数.但硅基填料可使用的pH值范围较窄及其表面裸露的硅羟基对碱性物质和含N生物大分子的不可逆吸附等缺点限制了其在一些重要领域中的应用.氧化锆由于其优异的化学稳定性,特别是对碱性化合物和生物大分子的分离适应性而在色谱应用方面受到极大的关注[1,2],极有可能成为通用的色谱基质填料之一[3].本文旨在制备具有良好表面性质的锆基色谱填料,结合硅胶和氧化锆的优点,采用层层纳米自组装方法(LbL)[4]在微米硅胶球模板表面包覆多层纳米氧化锆颗粒,制备了新型氧化锆基质填料ZrO2/SiO2,…     

氨丙基官能化SBA-15介孔分子筛的合成及催化性能的研究

以氨丙基-三乙氧基硅烷为有机硅源，采用共价接枝法，合成了杂化NH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-SBA-15介孔分子筛，并用于催化苯甲醛与氰乙酸乙酯的Knoevenagel缩合反应．反应结果表明，除个别有机基团负载量较高的样品外，该催化剂对Knoevenagel缩合反应有很高的催化活性，反应75min后，苯甲醛的转化率可以达到80％以上．此外，还考察了反应温度、溶剂、反应物配比和催化剂用量对反应活性的影响，以及催化剂的重复使用情况．结果表明，反应可以在低于75℃的温和条件下进行；有明显的溶剂效应；氰乙酸乙酯／苯甲醛的摩尔比太高不利于反应的进行；反应活性不仅与催化剂上氨丙基活性中心的密度有关，而且与杂化分子筛的比表面积、孔径和孔容大小有关．催化剂在重复使用三次时，苯甲醛的转化率仍可达到60％以上．     

Fe_2O_3/SiO_2对异辛醇氧化生成异辛酸反应的催化性能研究

采用浸渍法制备了系列的Fe_2O_3/SiO_2催化剂, 并用XRD, BET, TG-DTG和SEM等手段对催化剂进行了表征;考察了不同Fe负载量和焙烧温度的Fe_2O_3/SiO_2催化剂对异辛醇氧化生成异辛酸反应的催化活性的影响, 确定了最佳催化剂制备条件. 结果表明, Fe负载量为4%, 焙烧温度为500℃时, 催化剂活性组分Fe_2O_3的在载体上分散均匀, 晶粒大小基本一致, 催化剂比表面积较大, 催化剂活性达到最佳, 异辛酸选择性最高可达55.14%, 收率可达22.41%.