微型法拉第筒阵列束流均匀性测量

研制了一种用于测量强流脉冲电子束束流均匀性的微型法拉第筒阵列,其直径为22mm,由5个微型法拉第筒组成,最大可测束流密度为38A/mm2。利用该系统测量了二极管阳极靶面的束流密度,得到了阳极靶面束流均匀性的分布情况。结果显示,阳极靶面中心处束流密度高于靶面其他位置,靶面束流存在弱箍缩,束流局部均匀,大面积不均匀,束流密度呈径向分布。该结果与理论预期和仿真计算符合较好。     

强电场中的脉冲束流强度测量方法

针对强电场中电场渗透的问题,采用特殊的法拉第筒法测量脉冲束流强度:在法拉第筒入口处用栅网屏蔽强电场,并用在收集板上加正压的方式抑制二次电子。采用解析计算和数值模拟方式对栅网的形状进行了选择,在同样的栅网丝宽和透过率的前提下,通过正六边形栅网的渗透电场最弱,因此选择正六边形栅网。将设计的法拉第筒用于一台真空弧离子源的束流强度测量,获得了该离子源的束流强度波形,其峰值流强约为550 mA;利用测量结果计算了混合离子束在Cu收集板上的二次电子发射系数,约为2.0。     

法拉第筒阻抗对二极管电子束流性能的影响

 分析了法拉第筒阻抗对二极管电子束流性能的影响, 研制了一种安装在阳极座中测量阳极吸收束流的法拉弟筒, 并用它测量了81-7M -01强流相对论电子束加速器二极管阳极吸收束流。     

用于重离子治癌回旋引出的实时流强测量系统北大核心CSCD

为满足重离子治癌加速器装置(HIMM)回旋加速器引出段束流流强的测量需求,设计了新的束流流强测量系统,该系统利用积分电流变换器(ICT)及锁相放大器等配套电子学,能够实现束流流强的非拦截实时测量。文中首先分析了中能束线(MEBT)束流流强的测量需求,并对设计方案进行了实验室系统分析和在线束流强测量。实验室结果表明,锁相放大器的幅度和相位响应一致性满足测量需求。由于ICT对束流流强的测量是相对测量,先使用法拉第筒对ICT进行在线标定;标定前先对法拉第筒(FC)(20μA档位)和ICT系统的流强分辨在线测量,分别为6.45 nA和5.163 nA。由于束流抖动的影响,测量的束流的稳定性约90 nA,其对应的相对测量误差约8%,ICT系统响应时间小于1 ms。测量结果表明,该系统满足物理测量需求。回旋加速器高频系统参数变化引起ICT标定系数变化的工作将在进一步工作中展开。     

强流脉冲离子束辐照混合双层靶的Monte Carlo模拟

采用Monte Carlo方法模拟强流脉冲离子束与铝基钛膜双层靶的相互作用.强流脉冲离子束与双层靶材相互作用过程中,随着离子的注入,高能离子束引起涂层原子与基体材料原子之间相互渗透和混合,同时离子能量沉积到靶材内一定深度,并呈规律性的空间分布.这种能量分布影响靶内两种材料的熔化或气化过程,并导致界面物质结合强度发生变化.利用建立的束流模型,计算束流在靶材内的能量沉积和分布状况及界面处级联碰撞对双层靶界面混合区的影响,得出强流脉冲离子束混合双层靶时级联碰撞不起主要作用的结论,离子流密度在100A·cm^-2~150A·cm^-2时对离子束混合最为有利.     

一台小型强流脉冲离子束加速器

 介绍了一台小型强流脉冲离子束加速器的结构组成,采用箍缩反射型离子二极管,可以稳定工作的峰值电压为200kV,得到了峰值为1.5kA、脉宽约20ns的离子束流,平均离子流密度110A/cm²。     

神龙一号轫致辐射靶靶区回流离子测量

神龙一号直线感应加速器(LIA)产生的强流高功率的脉冲电子束与X光转换靶作用后可以产生高剂量的X光,同时由于转换靶的被烧蚀破坏在靶面产生回流离子,该回流离子的存在影响到电子束的聚焦。设计了4套法拉第筒及其对应的偏压电路,法拉第筒被放置在神龙一号X光转换靶上游不同位置,分布在电子束轴线两侧,电路设计最高偏压为1 kV;对神龙一号LIA的X光转换靶面产生的回流离子进行了实验测量,分别得到回流正离子密度约在1021/m3,离子运动速度可达2～3 mm/s。计算比较表明,该离子流强度与神龙一号靶前电子束流相差很大,只有电子束流强的0.27%,对神龙一号电子束聚焦不会造成影响。     

一种带有弹簧的丝型同步光位置检测器

 介绍了合肥光源机器诊断光束线上具有弹簧系统的丝型光位置检测器，经过标定该检测器的线性范围大于4 mm，灵敏度约为0.197 9 mm^-1。通过不同束流流强下同步光垂直尺寸的测量，发现束流流强对同步光垂直尺寸的影响不大，不需要对灵敏度进行修正。进行了无氧铜板施加正偏压的测量，在施加正偏压时能够提高线性范围和略改善信噪比。     

流脉冲离子束辐照对DZ4合金性能的影响

 用含Cⁿ⁺和H⁺、加速电压250 kV、脉冲宽度70 ns、束流密度160 A/cm²的强流脉冲离子束辐照DZ4合金，辐照次数分别为2，5，10，15。实验结果表明：辐照后样品的表面出现了熔坑，多次脉冲辐照后样品的表面熔坑边缘模糊甚至消失。近表面存在厚1~2 mm的重熔层，晶粒较细，晶界模糊；熔坑周围富集Cr和Mo等元素;强流脉冲离子束辐照处理后DZ4合金的耐腐蚀性能明显提高，腐蚀速率下降,这是由于辐照减弱了由于晶界和晶粒本体的成分差异而引起的晶界腐蚀；同时离子束辐照后的DZ4合金在高温氧化时更容易形成一层连续的保护性氧化物，其主要成分是致密的Al₂O₃，使得DZ4合金的耐高温氧化性能也有所改善。     

低能强流混合离子束空间电荷补偿度研究

空间电荷效应是影响束流传输和束流品质的一个重要因素，特别是对于低能量强流离子束来说。离子束与束流传输线中的剩余气体分子通过电离反应等产生大量二次电子，受离子束的空间电势约束，可以部分补偿空间电荷效应。为了深入研究强流束在低能段的传输，需要准确测量束流的空间电荷补偿度(SCCD)，尤其是混合束流的SCCD。利用一台三栅网式能量分析仪和一台基于128通道皮安表系统构成的束流剖面探测器，分别测量了不同流强和束流分布下的混合O离子束的二次离子能量分布和束流流强分布，从而计算得出SCCD。实验结果表明，在1.0×10^-5 Pa的真空度下，不同流强的混合O离子束的SCCD基本在70%左右；不同束流分布对空间电势分布影响较大，对离子束的SCCD也会有一定程度的影响。     

Time resolved studies on X-rays and charged particles emission from a low energy plasma focus device

The time resolved studies on soft X-ray, hard X-ray, electron beam and ion beam emissions from a low energy plasma focus device are carried out simultaneously by employing a photodiode X-ray spectrometer, a scintillator photomultiplier tube, a combination of Faraday cup and Rogowski coil assembly and a biased Faraday cup, respectively. The soft X-ray is seen to be emitted in short multiple pulses corresponding to different pinch stages where as it is a single for hard X-ray, which corresponds to only maximum pinch stage. Similarly, multiple pulses of electron beam is found, which also corresponds to different pinch stages and these pulses are analogous with the soft X-ray pulses. The effective hard X-ray photon energy is estimated by foil absorption technique and found to be around 110 keV, which is consistent with the observed electron beam energy distribution. The simultaneous investigation of the electron and ion beam shows that both are accelerated by the same local field generated during the pinching process. The detailed results of time resolved studies on various radiations are incorporated in this Letter.     

测量行波管电子注的法拉第筒的热分析

利用ANSYS软件对测量行波管电子注截面的法拉第筒探头进行了热分析研究.分析了在单脉冲情况下,测量各种直径的不同脉冲功率密度的电子注、不同脉冲宽度对法拉第筒温度的影响,研究了测量不同功率密度的电子注可以使用的脉冲宽度.结果表明,仅法拉第筒上的注斑区域温度迅速上升,温度梯度较大,其它部分温度基本不变,为保证法拉第筒能够持...     

Highly sensitive all-optical method for measuring magnetic fields

An all-optical method for measuring magnetic fields is described. This method uses a beam-guide type Faraday cell as the field sensor and optical fibers as the transmission line. A laser beam travels through the Faraday cell with multiple passes nearly in the direction of the magnetic field, so that the field sensitivity of the cell becomes very high. The minimum detectability is 0.1G for 50Hz magnetic fields.     

Detection of accelerated particles from pulsed plasma discharge using solid state nuclear track detector

The ion beam of a Mather-type 23.25 J plasma focus device operated with air filling at 10 Torr was registered using CR-39 nuclear track detector. The irradiated samples were etched in NaOH solution at 70°C for 1 h. It is found here that plasm a beam contains multi-components of microbeams. The individual track density of microbeams is estimated and the total current density of the plasma stream is measured to be 1.2 mA/cm². A model for counting the track density of individual microbeams is proposed here. Faraday cup measurements showed the ion pulse with energy ranging from 5.8 keV to 3.3 keV.      

Highly sensitive all-optical method for measuring magnetic fields

Abstract

An all-optical method for measuring magnetic fields is described. This method uses a beam-guide type Faraday cell as the field sensor and optical fibers as the transmission line. A laser beam travels through the Faraday cell with multiple passes nearly in the direction of the magnetic field, so that the field sensitivity of the cell becomes very high. The minimum detectability is 0.1G for 50Hz magnetic fields.     

Robust one-beam interferometer with phase-delay control

A robust one-beam interferometer with external phase-delay control is described. The device resembles a Mach-Zehnder interferometer in which the two arms are together in one collimated beam. However, the proposed device is not an amplitude-division interferometer but a wave-front division one. The phase-delay control occurs at the interferometer output with the help of two polarizing beam splitters, a quarter-wave plate, a Faraday rotator, and a polarizer. An additional phase delay is introduced by application of an electrical current to the Faraday rotator or by rotation of the polarizer (the latter is of topological origin), which permits the use of techniques of phase-stepping interferometry.     

Mutual electron-ion interactions in electron impact ionization of a Ca beam

Summary We evaluate the role of electron-ion mutual interactions as a possible source of systematic errors in an experiment of electron impact ionization and excitation of an effusive Ca beam. By monitoring photons resulting from the impact excitation of a Ca resonant transition, the transmitted electron beam current by a sectored Faraday cup and total ion yields, we extract information about elementary processes responsible for ionization. We show that our diagnosis allows us to monitor the influence of the produced ionization on the elementary processes and on the density profile of the electro beam.     

Quantum field theory of optical birefringence phenomena

The inverse Faraday effect, in which a magnetization is induced in a solution through which is passed a polarized light beam of arbitrary ellipticity, is discussed on the basis of the S-matrix formulation of optical birefringence. It is shown that the Faraday effect and the inverse Faraday effect are topologically identical problems of diagrammatic perturbation theory and so it follows automatically that the magnetization should be proportional to the Verdet constant. The optical Faraday effect is the circular birefringence induced by an intense circularly polarized beam of light propagated colinearly with the weak measuring beam: the electric vector of the circularly polarized beam interacts with the molecule in a way that resembles the interaction of a static magnetic field. The interrelations of these two effects and the normal Faraday effect the self-rotation of the polarization ellipse of an intense beam are discussed.