含铅空位的PbWO4晶体光学性质及其偏振特性的研究

利用完全势缀加平面波局域密度泛函近似,计算了含铅空位的PbWO4(PWO)晶体的电子结构,模拟计算了复数折射率、介电函数及吸收光谱的偏振特性.比较含铅空位的PWO晶体与完整的PWO晶体的吸收光谱及其偏振特性,得到与铅空位相关的吸收光谱及其偏振特性,计算结果与实验结果基本相符.计算得到的含铅空位的PWO晶体的光学偏振特性反映了PWO晶体的结构对称性.计算结果表明PWO晶体中350,420,550和680 nm的吸收带的出现与PWO晶体中铅空位的存在直接相关.     

钨酸铅晶体中与氧空位缺陷有关的光学偏振特性

本文利用完全势缀加平面波局域密度泛函近似，计算了含氧空位的PbWO4（PWO）晶体的电子结构，模拟计算了复数折射率及光学参数的偏振特性。比较含氧空位的PWO晶体与完整的PWO晶体的吸收光谱及其偏振特性，得到与氧空位相关的光学偏振特性。结果表明：完整的PWO晶体在可见和近紫外区域内无吸收，而含氧空位的PWO晶体在可见和近紫外区域出现吸收，该吸收谱有2个峰值分别位于370nm和420nm吸收带，它们的峰值位置与实验测得的350nm和420nm吸收带十分接近，由此可见PWO晶体中350nm和420nm吸收带与氧空位的存在有关。     

含铅空位PbWO4晶体光学性质的模拟计算

为了研究钨酸铅晶体中铅空位对光学性质的影响,利用完全势缀加平面波局域密度泛函近似,按照能量最低原理采用共轭梯度方法,对含铅空位的PbWO4(PWO)晶体进行结构优化处理。计算了含铅空位的PWO晶体的电子结构、复数折射率、介电函数及吸收光谱,并与完整的PWO晶体进行了比较。结果表明：完整的PWO晶体在可见和近紫外区域内无吸收,而含铅空位的PWO晶体在可见和近紫外区域出现2个明显的吸收峰,这2个吸收峰可分解成4个高斯线型的吸收带,它们的峰值分别为350nm、405nm、550nm和670nm。可以得出这样的推论：PWO晶体中350nm、420nm、550nm和670nm吸收带的出现都与铅空位的存在有关。     

钨酸铅晶体中的偶极缺陷

在用阻抗谱研究PbWO₄（PWO）晶体的介电特性时发现，掺La³⁺的PW O晶体中存在典型的介电弛豫现象，它被归因于La³⁺进入Pb位并与铅空位V_Pb缔合 成偶极缺陷.这一结果不仅清楚地证明了PWO晶体中铅空位的存在，而且表明阻抗谱测试可以成为PWO晶体微结构研究的有力工具.以阻抗谱测试为主要工具，结合光吸收谱（包括红外谱）和x射线光电子能谱，阐明了在异价掺杂离子（3+，4+，5+以及3+和5+双掺）掺杂的PWO晶体中 关键词： 钨酸铅 偶极缺陷 异价掺杂 退火效应     

钨酸铅晶体中与铅空位有关的电子结构和色心模型研究

根据密度泛函理论对钨酸铅晶体中铅空位周围的晶格进行了结构优化，计算得到铅空位周围的晶格结构、电子态密度分布和偏振吸收光谱；计算结果表明钨酸铅晶体中铅空位的两价负电性是通过铅空位周围的氧共同抓获两个空穴来维持局部电中性的，即铅空位周围形成的色心模型为［O₂^3--V_Pb^2--O₂^3-］，不同的氧离子抓获空穴方式不同形成不同的色心，对应不同的吸收带；根据吸收带的偏振性质，提出了各个 关键词： 钨酸铅晶体 色心模型 电子结构 偏振特性     

PbWO4晶体中铅空位相关的色心模型

使用密度泛函缀加平面波法，按照能量最低原理采用共轭梯度方法对几种含铅空位和不含铅 空位的钨酸铅晶体进行结构优化处理，计算了铅空位周围晶格的弛豫，得到铅空位周围的晶 格结构，同时对计算结果进行了讨论；在得到几何优化结构的基础上，利用相对论性密度泛 函离散变分法进一步计算了几种钨酸铅晶体结构的电子态密度.计算结果表明：1）铅空位周 围的晶格驰豫的结果使铅空位的局部电负性减弱.2）Pb 6s态的能级位于离价带顶10eV左右 ，说明Pb 6s态上的电子很难再失去，所以在钨酸铅中不太可能存在Pb3+或Pb4+ .3）价带顶主要由O的2p态占居，氧的2p态最容易失去电子.4）铅空位周围的可能形成的 色心是VF- VK+缔合色心. 关键词： 铅空位 PbWO4晶体 结构优化 电子结构 色心     

斜钨矿结构钨酸铅晶体电子结构和光学的偏振性质研究

利用完全势缀加平面波局域密度泛函近似,计算了完整的白钨矿结构和斜钨矿结构的钨酸铅（PbWO4）晶体的电子结构;模拟计算了复数折射率、介电函数及吸收光谱的偏振特性。分析了各个吸收光谱的峰值所对应的可能的电子跃迁以及钨酸铅晶体的偏振特性。钨酸铅晶体的光学性质的各向异性反映了钨酸铅晶体的品格结构的各向异性。计算结果表明：斜钨矿结构的钨酸铅晶体的光学性质与白钨矿结构的钨酸铅的光学性质之间存在明显的差异。这说明钨酸铅晶体是一种结构敏感的晶体;计算结果为研究钨酸铅晶体的光学性质与晶体结构之间的关系提供理论基础。     

钨酸铅晶体的本征色心和辐照诱导色心

根据钨酸铅晶体(PbWO4,简称PWO)的缺陷化学和晶体结构特点,用光吸收谱、广延X射线吸收精细结构(EXAFS)和精密X射线衍射(XRD)方法对高温退火后PWO晶体进行微结构研究,获得了其退火前后缺陷变化的情况,据此提出生成态(asgrown)晶体中350nm本征色心吸收带起源于V-F空穴心,并指出PWO中紫外区色心吸收带的强度取决于晶体中铅空位和氧空位浓度之差:[VPb]-[VO];然后,结合晶体在紫外光(UV)辐照过程中色心的转化规律和偏振吸收谱的实验结果,提高420nm辐照诱导色心吸收带起源于V0F双空穴心.并对所提出的PWO晶体色心模型的合理性进行了讨论. 关键词： 钨酸铅 本征色心 辐照诱导色心 色心模型     

BaBPO5晶体晶格振动光谱研究与第一性原理计算

通过偏振拉曼光谱和第一性原理计算对非线性光学晶体BaBPO₅的 晶格振动模式进行了研究. 实验得到了不同几何配置下、在100–1600 cm^-1范围内的晶体偏振拉曼光 谱与傅里叶变换红外吸收谱, 结合因子群分析方法研究了晶体的外振动与内振动模式特征. 分析表明拉曼振动主要来自于PO₄四面体和BO₄四面体的振动, 且PO₄基团振动具有较强的拉曼与红外活性. 此外,根据第一性原理对晶体拉曼振动进行了数值模拟, 进一步明确了拉曼峰与晶体中原子振动的对应关系, 计算表明拉曼光谱中位于672 cm^-1峰位来自晶体中B–O–P键的伸缩振动, 这是晶体中PO₄四面体和BO₄四面体共顶点连接的特征结构在光谱中的体现.     

F,Y双掺钨酸铅晶体的发光性能和微观缺陷

通过透射光谱、光产额(LY)和光致发光等发光性能测试，研究了F,Y双掺钨酸铅(PbWO₄ ，简称PWO)晶体的发光性能，并利用热释光曲线和正电子湮没寿命谱对F,Y双掺PWO晶 体中的缺陷种类和变化进行了分析. 结果表明：与未掺杂晶体相比，双掺样品在350nm附近 的透过率大大提高，吸收边向短波方向移动约30nm，光致发光谱中出现位于350nm的发光峰 ，双掺样品的LY(100ns内)为未掺杂PWO的2.7倍左右.晶体中主要存在的缺陷为(WO_{3)^{-关键词： F Y双掺钨酸铅闪烁晶体 高光产额 热释光 正电子湮没寿命谱}}     

Studies on the origins of the absorption spectra in PbWO4 crystal

The electronic structures and absorption spectra for both the perfect PbWO₄ (PWO) crystal and the three types of PWO crystals, containing V_Pb²⁻, V_O²⁺ and a pair of V_Pb²⁻-V_O²⁺, respectively, have been calculated using CASTEP codes with the lattice structure optimized. The calculated absorption spectra indicate that the perfect PWO crystal does not occur absorption band in the visible and near-ultraviolet region. The absorption spectra of the PWO crystal containing V_Pb²⁻ exhibit seven peaks located at 1.72 eV (720 nm), 2.16 eV (570 nm), 2.81 eV (440 nm), 3.01 eV (410 nm), 3.36 eV (365 nm), 3.70 eV (335 nm) and 4.0 eV (310 nm), respectively. The absorption spectra of the PWO crystal containing V_O²⁺ occur two peaks located at 370 nm and 420 nm. The PWO crystal containing a pair of V_Pb²⁻-V_O²⁺ does not occur absorption band in the visible and near-ultraviolet region. This leads to the conclusions that the 370 and 420 nm absorption bands are related to the existence of both V_Pb²⁻ and V_O²⁺ in the PWO crystal and the other absorption bands are related to the existence of the V_Pb²⁻ in the PWO crystal. The existence of the pair of V_Pb²⁻-V_O²⁺ has no visible effects on the optical properties. The calculated polarized optical properties are well consistent with the experimental results.     

First-principles study on the effect of the interstitial oxygen ion on the spectral properties of PWO crystal and the origin of the green luminescence band

The electronic structures and absorption spectra of PWO crystals containing interstitial oxygen ions have been calculated using density functional theory code CASTEP with lattice structure optimized. It is shown by calculation that: (1) the interstitial oxygen ion in the perfect PWO crystal doesn’t bring any obvious absorption in the visible region; (2) the green emission of lead tungstate origin is closely related to the interstitial oxygen ion, and probably originates from the center of “ WO₄+O_i”.     

First-Principles Studies on Electronic Structures and Absorption Spectra of PbWO4 Crystals with Defect [V^2- Pb-V^2＋ o-V^2- Pb]^2-c

Electronic structures and absorption spectra for perfect PbW04 （PWO） crystals and the crystal containing aggregated defect [V^2- Pb-V^2＋ o-V^2- Pb]^2-have been calculated using density functional theory code CASTEP with the lattice structure optimized. The calculated absorption spectra of the PWO crystal containing the aggregated defect [V^2- Pb-V^2＋ o-V^2- Pb]^2-exhibit two absorption bands peaking at 1.90eV （65Onto） and 3.02eV （41Onto）. It is predicted that the 420 and fiSOnm absorption bands are related to the existence of the aggregated defect [V^2- Pb-V^2＋ o-V^2- Pb]^2-in the PWO crystal.     

Optical polarized properties related to the oxygen vacancy in the CaMoO4 crystal

The electronic structures, dielectric functions and absorption spectra for the CaMoO₄ (CMO) crystal with and without oxygen vacancy V_O²⁺ have been calculated using the CASTEP code with the lattice structure optimized. The calculated results indicate that the optical properties of the CMO crystal show anisotropy and its optical symmetry coincides with the lattice structure geometry of the CMO crystal. The calculated absorption spectra indicate that the perfect CMO crystal does not display absorption band in the visible and near-ultraviolet range. However, in this range, the absorption spectra of the CMO crystal containing V_O²⁺ exhibit one peak at about 1.84 eV (673 nm). It predicates that the 680 nm absorption band is related to the existence of V_O²⁺ in the CMO crystal.     

First-Principles Study on the Electronic Structures for Y^3＋：PbWO4 Crystals

The possible defect models of Y^3＋：PbWO4 crystals are discussed by defect chemistry and the most possible substituting positions of the impurity Y^3＋ ions are studied by using the general utility lattice program （GULP）. The calculated results indicate that in the lightly doped Y^3＋ ：PWO crystal, the main compensating mechanism is [2Ypb^＋ ＋ VPb^2-], and in the heavily doped Y^3＋ ：PWO crystal, it will bring interstitial oxygen ions to compensate the positive electricity caused by YPb^＋, forming defect clusters of [2Ypb^＋ ＋Oi^2-] in the crystal. The electronic structures of Y3＋ ：PWO with different defect models are calculated using the DV-Xα method. It can be concluded from the electronic structures that, for lightly doped cases, the energy gap of the crystal would be broadened and the 420nm absorption band will be restricted; for heavily doped cases, because of the existence of interstitial oxygen ions, it can bring a new absorption band and reduce the radiation hardness of the crystal.     

+3价离子掺杂钨酸铅晶体发光性能和微观缺陷的研究

通过透射光谱、x射线激发发射光谱（XSL）的测试，研究了Bridgman法生长的几种不同+3价离子掺杂钨酸铅晶体的发光性能，并利用正电子湮没寿命谱（PAT）和x光电子能谱（XPS）的实验手段，对不同钨酸铅晶体的微观缺陷进行研究.实验表明，不同的+3价离子掺杂，对钨酸铅晶体发光性能的改善不同，并使得晶体中正电子俘获中心和低价氧的浓度发生不同变化.其中掺镧晶体的正电子俘获中心和低价氧浓度均上升，而掺钇和掺铋晶体的正电子俘获中心和低价氧浓度均下降，掺锑晶体则出现了正电子俘获中心浓度上升、低价氧浓度下降的情况.提 关键词： 钨酸铅晶体 +3价离子掺杂 正电子湮没寿命谱 x光电子能谱     

Electronic structure and optical properties of CdWO4 with oxygen vacancy studied from first principles

The electronic structures, dielectric functions and absorption coefficient of both perfect CdWO₄ crystal (CWO) and the CWO crystal containing oxygen vacancy (CWO: V _O) have been studied using the CASTEP code with the lattice structure optimized. The calculated total density of states (TDOS) of CWO: V _O indicates that the oxygen vacancy would introduce a new electronic state within the band gap compared with that of perfect CWO. The dielectric functions are calculated since the imaginary part of the dielectric function can reduce the optical absorption of a certain crystal, and then the absorption coefficient is calculated. The calculated absorption spectra show that CWO: V _O exhibits two absorption bands in the ultraviolet and visible region, peaking at about 3.0 eV (413 nm) and 3.5 eV (354 nm), respectively, which are in agreement with the experimental results showing that the yellow CWO has two optical absorption bands in this region peaking at around 350 nm and 400 nm respectively. It can be concluded that oxygen vacancy causes these two absorption bands. The calculations also indicate that the optical properties of CWO exhibit anisotropy, and can be explained by the anisotropy of the crystal lattice.     

无缺陷PbWO4晶体光学性质的模拟计算

利用完全势缀加平面波局域密度泛函近似研究PbWO4（PWO）晶体的光学性质.计算了完整的PWO晶体的电子结构、复数折射率、介电函数、光电导谱和吸收光谱.介电函数的虚部、吸收光谱、折射率等的峰值位置存在一一对应关系,这与电子从价带到导带的跃迁吸收有关.完整的PWO晶体在可见光范围内没有吸收,所以完整的PWO晶体是无色透明的晶体.