燃烧合成的反应进度分布模型及硼化锆理论温度分布

估算了预混固体自蔓延层流燃烧合成(SCS)中自烧温度和着火温度时的反应进度,给出了一个更附合实际的燃烧温度和反应进度的分布模型和一个改进后的SCS能量方程,由此推导出ZrB₂燃烧合成过程中的温度分布函数.该分布函数在95%的燃烧反应阶段与实验相符.分析了在高温端偏离较大的原因. 关键词：     

Grüneisen γ通用函数及完全物态方程

在分析Grüneisen γ近似函数的适用范围和热力学γ高压演化特性的基础上, 根据Grüneisen γ系数的物理性质和变化特点, 利用数学分析的方法建立了Grüneisen γ通用函数γ_n(v). 将γ_n(v)代入热力学函数γ(v, T), γ(v, T)即成为全压力区连续可导的函数, 并由γ(v, T)直接导出了等熵温度函数T_S(v); 再根据等熵温度与Hügoniot 温度的函数关系获得了Hügoniot温度方程的解析函数T_H(v), 从而使Hügoniot方程成为完全物态方程. 对几种金属做了检验, 由等温方程推算Hügoniot方程, 或者由Hügoniot方程推算等温方程, 其结果都与实验符合得很好.     

矩形激光脉冲辐照下金属板材料温度分布研究

从光子与声子相互作用机理出发,导出金属材料能量吸收速率.利用格林函数和有限积分变换法求出有热源情况下的热传导方程的解析解,讨论了材料性质、板厚度对板内温度分布的影响.结果表明:矩形激光脉冲辐照下金属板材料温度分布具有波动特征,板厚度和板材料性质对温度波动频率有重要影响. 关键词： 激光辐照 能量吸收速率 温度分布 金属板材料     

相对论性电子束的类Tokamak平衡

本文对具有双δ函数速度分布的相对论性电子束,考察了其环形平衡性质。通过对反环径比展开,得到了关于磁通函数及电势的一级近似解析解。还讨论了电子漂移轨道的近似描述。 关键词：     

求一类非线性偏微分方程解析解的一种简洁方法

通过引入一个变换和选准试探函数，进行求偏导数运算,将非线性偏微分方程化为代数方程，然后用待定系数法确定相应的常数，最后得到其解析 解.不难看出，这种方法特别简洁. 关键词： 非线性偏微分方程 试探函数 待定系数法 解析解     

光子增减叠加相干态在热环境中的退相干

研究了由光子增减叠加操作作用于相干态而得量子态的非经典性及其在热环境中的退相干问题.通过解析导出了Mandel's Q参数、光子数分布、Wigner函数等,讨论其非经典性.研究表明一阶光子增减相干叠加相干态在相空间总是取负值,只要满足条件∣2z* +α-α*∣2＜1.基于Wigner函数的演化积分公式,解析地推导出了在热环境中Wigner函数的简洁表达式.研究首次表明:如果κt＜1/2ln[(2(η)+2)/(2(η)+1)]得以满足,一阶光子增减相干叠加相干态在相空间最小值点处Wigner函数分布总存在负部.此外,根据Wigner函数负部体积讨论了其非经典特性.     

用格子Boltzmann模型模拟垂直平板间的热对流

引入一个新的能量分布函数，利用该能量分布函数与粒子速度分布函数耦合来求解一个热流场. 因而，这一能量分布函数与粒子速度分布函数和Boltzmann方程构成了一个新的格子Boltzmann模型. 这一模型满足质量、动量和能量守恒的准则. 用该模型对垂直平板间的狭缝热对流进行了数值模拟，数值结果表明，在Prandtl数为1，Grashof数在1.3×10²—1×10⁶之间时，流场将出现多个旋涡结构的流型. 得出了与Lee相一致的结论. 关键词： 能量分布函数 Boltzmann方程 热对流     

双模压缩数态光场的Wigner函数及其特性

借助纠缠态表象及Wigner算符在该表象下的表示,得到双模压缩数态的Wigner函数,数值计算画出相空间中Wigner函数的分布图,并加以分析,发现双模压缩数态两模之间相互关联、相互纠缠,对相空间中Wigner函数分布产生影响. 关键词： 双模压缩数态 Wigner函数 纠缠态表象     

重粒子在阴极鞘层中输运的理论模型

建立了重粒子在阴极鞘层中输运的理论模型,推导出离子、中性粒子入射阴极表面速度分布 函数和到达阴极的离子流、中性粒子流的解析表达式.理论结果与蒙特-卡罗模拟相一致. 关键词： 阴极鞘层 重粒子输运 理论模型     

La2与LanF（n＝1,2）分子的结构与势能函数

采用密度泛函理论确定La₂与La_n F（n=1,2）分子的电子与结构特性.应用最小二乘法拟合出La₂和LaF分子的Murrell-Sorbie势能函数,在此基础上推导出光谱数据和力常数.基态La₂F分子具有C_2v对称性的弯曲结构,电子态⁴A₂,结合能为7.89 eV.用多体项展式理论得出La₂ F的解析势能函数,其等值势能图准确再现了La₂ F分子的平衡结构.     

一种测量高温中间包的蓝宝石光纤温度计

介绍了一种测量高温的蓝宝石光纤温度计.蓝宝石单晶光纤由于其极好的高温物理化学性能,适用于高温下光纤测温应用,可用作辐射型光纤温度传感器.蓝宝石光纤温度计采用激光加热小基座法生长出端部掺Cr3+的蓝宝石光纤荧光温度传感头.用激光加热小基座,把对荧光有温度反应的材料如红宝石晶体光纤生长在蓝宝石光纤上,制成具有结构紧凑,耐高温,功能稳定的传感探头.通过荧光寿命的检测,可以测量所对应的温度.根据表面温度,可以依据温度场得到内部温度,用于测量连铸炉中的中间包钢水温度,并给出了温度计的实验系统以及原始实验数据.实验数据表明,此结果精度高,可实现非接触测量.     

Silicon oscillistor as a thermometer with frequency output

We present experimental results for a silicon thermometer (p⁺-p-n⁺ device placed between the poles of a permanent magnet) with a frequency output. Measurements were made for temperatures in the range 77–335 K. When the temperature increases from 77 K to 335 K the device sensitivity decreases from 40 kHz/K to 3.1 kHz/K for a pulsed operating voltage of 65 V. The device sensitivity can be controlled through the operating voltage. We analyze the basic properties of thermometer element using the theory of the bulk helical instability of the semiconductor plasma. We compare its performance parameters with those of previously known devices with frequency outputs.V. D. Kuznetsov Siberian Physico-technical Institute at Tomsk University. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 2, pp. 48–53, February, 1995.     

151Eu Low Temperature Mössbauer Thermometer

A low temperature Mössbauer thermometer suitable for the 25 to 250 mK temperature range with¹⁵¹Eu in EuS as the absorber has been discussed, and the problems of absorber thickness have been pointed out. The large correction for the apparent temperature deduced from the sum of Lorentzian analysis has been given for absorbers with a different number of resonance nuclei per cm². With the correction procedure, without a least-squares fit using the transmission integral, one can obtain the temperature with an accuracy of better than ±2%.     

Determination of the freeze-out temperature by the isospin thermometer

The high-resolution spectrometer FRS at GSI, Darmstadt, provides the full isotopic and kinematical identification of fragmentation residues in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Recent measurements of the isotopic distribution of heavy projectile fragments led to a very surprising new physical finding: the residue production does not lose memory of the N/Z of the projectile ending up in a universal deexcitation corridor; an ordering of the residues in relation to the neutron excess of the projectile has been observed. These unexpected features can be interpreted as a new manifestation of multifragmentation. We have found that, at the last stage of the reaction, the temperature of the big clusters subjected to evaporation is limited to a universal value. The thermometer to measure this limiting temperature is the neutron excess of the residues.     

Neutron thermometry on polarized silver nuclei at sub-microkelvin spin temperatures

We have utilized both neutron transmission and neutron diffraction to measure the spin polarization in a single crystal of ¹⁰⁹Ag, whereby the nuclear spin temperature could be obtained. Transmission of a polarized neutron beam provides an accurate and convenient primary thermometer. The feasibility of unpolarized neutron transmission was demonstrated as well. The diffraction measurements were strongly influenced by extinction, whence this method had to be calibrated against another thermometer. In this way we obtained information about extinction in the crystal.     

测量爆炸火焰真温的多光谱温度计的研制——现场实验与测量精度分析

研制了可用于大型爆炸现场的、 测量爆炸火焰真温的多光谱温度计(量程为800~3 500 ℃,波长范围为0.6~1.1 μm)。测量原理进一步改进,加入亮温逼近法解决了二次测量法初值选取困难的问题,并应用此高温计在空旷场地对3 kg TNT炸药爆炸的全过程进行测量。通过实验结果的分析可知,此高温计可以测量爆炸火焰真温变化全过程,对波阵面瞬时温度与燃烧火球温度的测量均具有很好的效果。同时,分析了影响此高温计测量精度的各个因素,得出目前制约多光谱高温计测量精度提高的主要因素仍然为真温算法及标定方法的误差,这为今后研制高精度高温计明确了方向。     

铑铁电阻温度计低温性能测试

针对一种商用铑铁电阻温度计进行了低温下的工作性能研究。对传感器进行了常温和液氮温度下的两点校正,校正结果验证了厂商提供的电阻温度拟合关系式。另外,还对该铑铁传感器连续进行了三次热循环实验。实验前,传感器的液氮温度稳定性优于20mK,而在实验后其温度稳定性优于30mK,满足工程应用的要求。所有实验结果表明,该铑铁电阻温度计性能可靠稳定,为其在超导磁体系统中的进一步应用提供了基础。     

Two wavelength-CARS thermometry of hydrogen

In this work, we present the results of two-wavelength (2)-CARS thermometry of hydrogen at temperatures from 300–1200 K. The choice of the pair of spectral lines for the 2-CARS thermometer with respect to optimal temperature sensitivity within a given temperature range was analysed. Software was developed to process the experimental data and calculate the temperature. In the experiments, temperature and density were measured in a heated cell using single-shot and averaged CARS intensities in the pure rotationalS branch. The accuracy achieved and its dependence on measured temperature values and on the number of averaged shots was analysed.The sponsoring of this work by the Stabsabteilung Internationale Beziehungen at the Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe under project number RUS 222.12 is gratefully acknowledged     

A High-Precision Carbon-13 Shift Thermometer for the Temperature Range 100–300 K

The first carbon-13 shift thermometer for the temperature range of 100–300 K is based on the very rapid equilibration of a pair of semibullvalene valence tautomers. The temperature dependence of the equilibrium constant is reflected in strongly temperature-dependent shift differences Δδ between averaged signals, e.g.,d(Δδ)/dT= 0.051 ppm K⁻¹at 300, 0.087 ppm K⁻¹at 200, and 0.175 ppm K⁻¹at 110 K for the quaternary carbon atoms C2 and C6. At 37 temperaturesT, which were measured with calibrated platinum resistance thermometers, shift differences Δδ were taken from nondecoupled carbon-13 spectra recorded from solutions of 1 in mixtures of chlorodifluoromethane and deuterated dimethyl ether without spinning. The least-squares fit of these Δδ vsTdata to a polynomial equation of the fourth degree (Eq. [5],r²= 0.9999) allows the calculation of temperatures from measured shift differences with a standard deviation of 0.46 K and an estimated error of about 1 K. The heating effects of WALTZ-16 decoupling and the influence of solvents on Δδ are investigated. A comparison with existing NMR thermometers demonstrates the superior performance of the new carbon-13 shift thermometer with respect to precision and the accessible temperature range.