含介晶单元的反应性增韧剂改性环氧树脂研究

合成了既含聚乙二醇醚(PEG)柔性链、又含刚性液晶结构单元的活性增韧促进剂(LCEU_PEG),对其促进环氧树脂/双氰双胺体系的固化反应活性、反应机制;增韧剂的用量与动态力学性能、冲击性能之间的关系进行了研究.结果表明:LCEU_PEG对E-51/dicy固化体系具有明显的促进作用,能有效的降低固化反应活化能及固化反应温度;改性体系的冲击强度较单纯的E-51/dicy体系提高3～7倍;模量较未增韧体系有所提高.     

可用作水润滑轴承的聚氨酯复合材料的制备

采用聚醚型甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）聚氨酯预聚体与3,3′-二氯-4,4′-二氨基二苯基甲烷（MOCA）、氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷（APTEOS）和正硅酸乙酯（TEOS）交联反应,制备耐温型有机-无机杂化聚氨酯复合材料。 通过傅里叶红外光谱仪（IR）、热重分析仪（TGA）、摩擦试验机和硬度计等技术对制备的材料进行了结构表征和性能测试,结果表明,硅氧网络的引入使聚氨酯复合材料的热稳定性得到了提高,同时该材料具有极低的摩擦系数（200 r/min以上,摩擦系数在0.001左右）,硬度在92 A左右。 该有机 无机杂化聚氨酯复合材料已满足了水润滑轴承在耐摩擦、高承载、易加工等方面的要求。     

双酚A型环氧改性R-122环氧树脂的研究

用双酚A环氧树脂(E-44)改性脂环类环氧树脂(R-122),通过对改性R-122环氧树脂力学性能和热性能的测定,探讨了固化工艺,固化荆体系对改性R-122环氧树脂韧性的影响。结果表明：改性R-122环氧树脂冲击强度提高40％,弯曲强度提高75％,断裂能提高81％,而热变形温度和玻璃化转变温度基本不变。R-122树脂基复合材料随E-44的加入冲击强度和弯曲强度分别提高12％和18％。     

丝素蛋白-聚氨酯水凝胶的制备和性能

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯（IPDI）、聚乙二醇（PEG）、聚氧化丙烯二醇（PPG）等为主要原料,合成了一系列—NCO封端的水性聚氨酯（PU）预聚体,与自制的丝素蛋白（SF）水溶液混合进行交联反应,制备出丝素蛋白-聚氨酯（SF-PU）水凝胶。研究了SF-PU水凝胶的合成工艺,对SF-PU水凝胶进行了红外和电镜表征及性能测试,...     

改性硅炔树脂及其复合材料的耐热性能

通过格氏试剂反应制得了改性硅炔杂化树脂（GMD）。采用DSC、TGA等分析方法研究了GMD的固化反应及耐热性能。结果表明：GMD固化物在氮气气氛下质量损失5％时的温度（Td。）为631℃,1000℃时的质量残留率为59％。所制备的玻璃纤维增强复合材料在常温下的弯曲强度为320MPa,在240℃的弯曲强度保留率高达90％,空气条件下经500℃处理7rain后,质量保留率仍达到99．7％。该复合材料的玻璃化温度大于400℃,具有优异的耐热性能、力学性能及介电性能。     

含硅磷杂化物环氧树脂固化物性能研究

首先用γ-环氧丙氧基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-560)和亚磷酸二乙酯(DEP)反应的中间产物进行水解缩合反应,合成了一种含磷低聚硅氧烷杂化物.并用FTIR,NMR,GPC对其结构及分子量进行了表征.然后将含磷低聚硅氧烷引入到双酚A环氧树脂(E-54)制备硅磷杂化物环氧树脂的固化物.对这种含硅磷杂化物环氧树脂固化物的性能研究发现其极限氧指数为23～29,DSC分析结果玻璃化转变温度(Tg)可以达到204℃,失重5%的温度(Td)5%比纯E-54提高近20℃.该固化物具有阻燃性能,同时具有较好的热性能。     

杂化硅胶整体材料研磨法制备混合型高效液相色谱固定相

以聚乙二醇（PEG）为致孔剂，四甲氧基硅烷（TMOS）和乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷（VTMS）为杂化硅胶前驱体，在乙酸催化作用下使硅烷发生水解，在尿素加热分解提供的碱性环境下水解的硅烷进一步缩聚得到杂化硅胶整体材料。将此整体材料用球磨机研磨，然后用三羟甲基氨基甲烷处理，并洗涤干燥得到粒径为3 μm左右的硅胶颗粒。探索了不同反应条件对硅胶颗粒的大小、比表面积和孔径、表面形貌和分散性的影响；当TMOS和VTMS体积比为3：1时可以得到孔径为7.5 nm和比表面积为245 m²/g的硅胶颗粒。通过对所制得的硅胶颗粒表面进行C18（十八烷基二甲基氯硅烷）键合修饰和巯基-烯点击反应，得到混合型高效液相色谱固定相。对此固定相的测试结果表明以上硅胶色谱填料的制备方法具有一定的实用性。     

硅炔杂化树脂改性有机硅树脂及其复合材料的性能

用一种硅炔杂化树脂聚（甲基硅烷-二乙炔基苯）（PSP）改性有机硅树脂（HS）,通过FT—IR和TGA研究了树脂体系的固化反应及耐热性,并对制备的复合材料进行力学性能、耐热性能和介电性能研究。结果表明：当HS与PSP的质量比为5：5时综合性能最优,树脂体系在氮气氛围下质量损失5％时的温度（T幽）为691℃,1000℃时质量保留率为88％;HS—PSP树脂短切玻纤复合材料冲击强度为21kJ／m^2,弯曲强度为65MPa,200℃时的弯曲强度高温保留率为78％,介电常数为4．6,介电损耗因数为7．9×10,体积电阻为6．7×10^13Ω。改性后的复合材料具有优异的力学、耐热和介电性能。     

SO4^2—／ZrO2的相结构和超强酸性及其对丁烷异构化反应的催化活性

通过沉淀、回流和掺杂等方法制备了ZrO2呈四方相及单斜相的SO4^2-／ZrO2（SZ），并用XRD，TEM，低温N2－BET和吡啶吸附IR等技术定量测量地测定和探讨了SZ的结构特征和表面超强酸性及其对丁烷异构化反应的催化活性，结果表明，ZrO2呈单斜相结构的SZ表面Broensted（B）酸与Lewis（L）酸的浓度比[B]/[L]较ZrO2以四方相为主的SZ高约40％，但其对丁烷异构化反应的比催化活性则较后者低约31％，由掺Mg^2 所制备的ZrO2呈四方相的SMZ具有与ZrO2呈纯单斜相的SZ非常接近的[B]/[L]比，且表现出比末掺Mg^2 的ZrO2以四方相为主的SZ更高的比催化活性，从催化剂晶结构对表面B酸浓度及强度影响的角度进行了讨论。     

苯氧树脂增韧双酚A环氧树脂的研究

以双官能团环氧树脂和双酚Ａ为单体，制备高分子量苯氧树脂，通过ＦＴＩＲ对其分子结构进行分析后，将１０ｗｔ％苯氧树脂加入到Ｅ－４４环氧树脂中，用ＤＳＣ冲击仪和ＳＥＭ等对增韧效果的分析测定，固化反应活化能降低９％，冲击强度提高６３．２％，玻璃化温度提高了２８℃。     

含柔性间隔基的扩链脲增韧环氧树脂性能研究——环氧树脂／扩链脲／双氰双胺体系性能研究

合成了含不同分子量柔性间隔基的扩链脲（Ｕｉ），并对其与双氰双胺共同固化环氧树脂体系的反应活性、抗冲击性能、动态力学性能、形态结构及贮存性能进行了考察。结果表明：含分子量为４００的聚乙二醇柔性链的扩链脲／双氰双胺／环氧树脂固化体系的抗冲击强度较单纯双氰双胺／环氧树脂固化体系提高了７倍左右，其冲击试样断面电镜照片呈韧性断裂的特征。扩链脲的反应活性基本不受分子中聚乙二醇链段分子量的影响。环氧树脂／扩链脲／双氰双胺体系在５０℃下贮存期可达１～２天。     

The toughness amplification map of poly(vinyl chloride) and its cellulose acetate‐compatibilized starch alloys containing core/shell rubber particles: Possible transition to super‐toughening

Toughening amplification of the neat poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and its reinforced version containing 25 phr of the cellulose acetate (CA)‐compatibilized starch using methyl methacrylate‐butadiene‐styrene (MBS) core–shell particles was studied. The room temperature measured impact strength of the PVC showed mild increase up to 10 wt % with the addition of MBS particles. Then, the toughness enhanced discontinuously to super‐tough plateau regime. The room temperature measured impact strength of PVC containing 20 phr of MBS particles, however, was reduced by as much as 95% when it was filled with 25 phr of the CA‐compatibilized starch. In addition, the brittle–ductile transition (BDT) of the toughened PVC increased from 0 to 60 °C because of its reinforcement, even though the matrix number density of the core/shell particles remained almost constant. The decline in the impact strength and the rise in the BDT of the hybrid PVC system were attributed to the decrease in the shear deformable matrix and shear deformation propagation rate despite the increase in the process zone size. Maximum impact strength of the hybrid system at 60 °C (its BDT) increased to about 25% of the toughened PVC at its BDT (0 °C). The toughness amplification correlation of the toughened and hybrid PVC systems with their process zones fractional stress volumes under the impact load showed three regimes: quasi‐tough, transition, and super‐tough, which were superimposable on literature data regarding hybrid nylon 66 systems. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2010     

Mechanical, thermal and degradation properties of poly(d,l-lactide)/poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate)/poly(ethylene glycol) blend

The mechanical, thermal and biodegradable properties of poly(d,l-lactide) (PDLLA), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) blends were studied. The influence of PEG on the tensile and impact strengths of the blends was investigated. The results showed that the toughness and elongation at break of the PDLLA/PHBV (70/30) blends were greatly improved by the addition of PEG, and the notched Izod impact strength increased about 400% and the elongation at break increased from 2.1% to 237.0%. The thermal and degradation properties of the blends were investigated by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), it was found that the thermal stability of PHBV in the presence of PDLLA was improved. The degradation test showed that the addition of PEG could notably accelerate the biodegradation of the blends in the soil at room temperature, and the mass loss is about 20% after 30 days of the storage.     

Phase morphology and rheological properties of metallocene‐catalyzed linear low‐density polyethylene with a small amount of diatomite/oligomer hybrids

The effects of diatomite/oligomers hybrids on the phase morphology and rheology of metallocene‐catalyzed linear low‐density polyethylene (mLLDPE) were investigated. The interfacial tension between the components of the mLLDPE/hybrids influenced the dispersion of the filler and oligomer in the matrix and thus the ultimate rheological properties. Polyethylene wax (PEW) oligomer had good compatibility with the mLLDPE matrix. When a diatomite/PEW hybrid (HD‐b) was added, PEW and diatomite were dispersed separately in the mLLDPE matrix. PEW acted as a plasticizer whereas diatomite acted as a filler in mLLDPE/HD‐b. No synergetic effect was observed for HD‐b on the viscosity reduction of mLLDPE. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) oligomer was incompatible with mLLDPE but had good affinity to diatomite particles. With the addition of a diatomite/PEG hybrid, a special phase morphology with an encapsulation structure with a rigid core of diatomite and a shell of PEG lubricant formed. This special phase morphology reduced the viscosity of mLLDPE significantly; that is, the addition of diatomite/PEG had a synergetic effect on the viscosity reduction of mLLDPE in comparison with the addition of PEG alone. The effect of the interfacial tension between the components of the mLLDPE/hybrid system on the rheological properties of mLLDPE was investigated. For hybrids to exhibit a synergetic effect on the viscosity reduction of the polymer matrix, they needed to fulfill the following conditions: (1) the fillers had to have good affinity to the oligomer and (2) the oligomer had to be incompatible with the polymer matrix. According to the principles, diatomite was blended with oxidized polyethylene wax (OPEW). This proved that the diatomite/OPEW hybrid exhibited a synergetic effect on the viscosity reduction of polyoxymethylene. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 1287–1295, 2006     

Homogeneous dispersion of chitin nanofibers in polylactic acid with different pretreatment methods

Chitin nanofibers extracted from crab shell were used to reinforce polylactic acid (PLA) by extrusion molding. The dispersion problem of nanofibers in PLA matrix was solved by three pretreatment methods, including water pretreatment, polyethylene glycol (PEG) pretreatment, and polyethylene oxide (PEO) pretreatment. The results demonstrated that chitin nanofibers were distributed uniformly on the fracture surface of the PLA matrix with three different pretreatment methods. However, the aspect ratio of nanofibers with was reduced with the PEG and PEO pretreatment methods. Therefore, the bending modulus (MOE), bending strength (MOR) and impact toughness of the chitin nanofibers/PLA composites prepared by the water pretreatment method were much higher than those of the composites prepared by the PEG and the PEO pretreatment method. Furthermore, the reinforcing effect with the PEG method is slightly better than that with the PEO method. Although it was found that both PEG and PEO were good interfacial compatibilizers for nanofibers and PLA, the reinforcing effect of the composites prepared by PEG and PEO pretreat methods was suppressed due to the decrease of the aspect ratio for chitin nanofibers.     

Preparation and characterization of polyimide/pure silica zeolite hybrid films

In this study, amino derivative of pure silica zeolite nanocrystal (A‐PSZN) was dispersed into polyimide (PI) matrix to prepare PI/A‐PSZN hybrid films, and their thermal and mechanical properties, as well as hydrophobicity, were characterized scientifically. The test results show that PI/A‐PSZN hybrid films possess higher glass transition temperature, higher thermal stability and lower in‐plane coefficient of thermal expansion than pristine PI. The mechanical property data suggest that the incorporation of A‐PSZN results in an increase in Young's modulus and tensile strength of the hybrid films, but as its content exceeds the critical value (maybe 5 wt%), its enhancement effect on the hybrid's strength and toughness gets weaker. Furthermore, liquid dripping imaging analysis results indicate that the film's hydrophobicity is clearly improved by the introduction of A‐PSZN. As compared with PSZN, A‐PSZN exhibits better effect on enhancing the overall performance of pristine PI films. A comparison with other studies suggests that PI/A‐PSZN is a hybrid film with superior comprehensive properties. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Mechanical properties of hybrid glass/sugar palm fibre reinforced unsaturated polyester composites

A research has been carried out to investigate the mechanical properties of composites made by hybridizing sugar palm fibre (Arenga pinnata) with glass fibre into an unsaturated polyester matrix. Hybrid composites of glass/sugar palm fibre were fabricated in different weight ratios of strand mat glass fibres: sugar palm fibres 4:0, 4:1, 4:2, 4:3, 4:4, and 0:4. The hybrid effects of glass and sugar palm fibre on tensile, flexural and impact properties of the composites were evaluated according to ASTM D5083, ASTM D790 and ASTM D256 respectively. Results have been established that properties of hybrid glass/sugar palm composites such as tensile strength, tensile modulus, elongation at break, toughness, flexural strength, flexural modulus and impact strength are a function of fibre content. The failure mechanism and the adhesion between fibres/matrix were studied by observing the scanning electron micrographs of impact fracture samples. In general, the incorporation of both fibres into unsaturated polyester matrix shows a regular trend of increase in the mechanical properties.     

含磷有机硅杂化环氧树脂固化体系性能研究

通过磷酸与γ-环氧丙氧基三甲氧基硅烷反应得到含磷有机硅氧烷,并加入到环氧树脂/4,4'-二氨基二苯基甲烷体系中混合,通过溶胶-凝胶的方法制备了含磷有机硅杂化环氧树脂固化物.对固化体系进行了玻璃化转变温度、热失重、阻燃、拉伸强度、冲击强度测试分析.结果表明,该固化体系的阻燃性得到提高,极限氧指数在25.8～29.3,玻璃化转变温度得到提高,在161～179℃;虽然初始分解温度比纯环氧树脂固化物低,但800℃残炭率可以达到26.5%,提高了36%;拉伸强度得到提高,在71～94 MPa,冲击强度可以达到14.36 kJ/m2,提高了14%.该固化体系具有较好的阻燃性能和热性能,同时具有较好的力学性能.     

The effect of a novel phosphorus-nitrogen reactive flame retardant curing agent on the performance of epoxy resin

A phosphorus-nitrogen reactive flame retardant curing agent poly-(isophorondiamine spirocyclic pentaerythritol bisphosphonate) (PIPSPB) was synthesized. The chemical structure of the obtained compound was identified by FTIR, ¹HNMR, and mass spectroscopies. Different proportions of DDS and PIPSPB were compounded as the curing agents to prepare a series of flame retardant epoxy resins with different phosphorus contents. The curing behavior of E-44/PIPSPB?+?DDS system was studied by DSC. A series of tests were conducted to characterize E-44/PIPSPB?+?DDS thermosetting system’s performance. The result demonstrates that the residual carbon content of EP/PIPSPB?+?DDS system is obviously higher than that of EP/DDS system after 500?°C with the increase of phosphorus content in the system, and the heat release rate of the system during combustion is significantly reduced. The generated phosphorus-containing carbon layer is obviously foamed, which shows that the flame retardancy of the system is the result of the combined action of condensed phase and gas phase. When the phosphorus content is 1.77wt%, EP-3 successfully passed UL94 V-0 flammability rating, the LOI value was as high as 29%, the impact strength and tensile strength of it were 6.08KJ/m² and 49.10MPa respectively, the adhesive strength could reach 13.89?MPa, the system presents a good overall performance.