纸浆卡伯值的可见分光光度法在线测量

卡伯 (Kappa)值是纸浆质量的重要指标 ,而纸浆中的木素含量决定了纸浆的卡伯值。该文研究了用可见分光光度法在线测量酸法制浆过程蒸煮液中溶出的木素含量去预测纸浆中木素含量和纸浆卡伯值的方法 ;确定了合适的可见光光谱测量波段 (460～580nm) ;建立了纸浆卡伯值与蒸煮液吸光度 (A)的相关方程。结果显示卡伯值与A之间有良好的线性关系 ,为实现蒸煮过程纸浆卡伯值的在线测量提供了依据。     

硫酸盐纸浆浓度对纸浆反射光谱影响的定性研究

提出了采用反射光谱测量纸浆卡伯值的新方法。就硫酸盐纸浆浓度对纸浆反射光谱的影响进行了研究。结果表明：在指定波段内纸浆的光反射率受到疏酸盐纸浆水分含量(纸浆浓度)的影响,随着纸浆水分的增加,纸浆的光反射率下降,在长波长处的光反射率降幅大于短波长处;使用该方法时为了有良好的测量分辨率．硫酸盐纸浆浓度应大于2％．     

基于近红外光谱技术的电子烟油烟碱含量快速检测研究

烟碱是电子烟烟油中的主要成分,其含量决定了电子烟油的风味口感及产品的安全性。为了提高电子烟油烟碱含量的测量效率,该文采用近红外光谱技术和极限学习机回归(ELMR)建立了电子烟油烟碱含量的定量预测模型。实验结果表明：相比于传统的主成分回归(PCR)和偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)模型,所建立的ELMR预测模型的决定系数R2为0.926 2,远高于PCR预测模型的0.859 0和PLSR预测模型的0.860 4;同时,使用ELMR模型的预测均方根误差(RMSEP)为0.026 8,小于PCR预测模型的0.043 1和PLSR预测模型的0.040 9。以上结果说明该文所建立的近红外光谱定量模型能够应用于烟碱含量的快速准确测量,为实现电子烟油烟碱含量的实时在线监测和其它质量参数的快速测量奠定了良好的基础。     

基于小波变换动态时间规整的近红外光谱模型传递方法

为解决因测量环境及仪器差异而导致的近红外光谱模型通用性较差的不足,提出一种基于小波变换动态时间规整算法的模型传递方法(Wavelet transform combined with dynamic time warping,WDTW),从而实现不同仪器之间模型的共享。首先,该方法将光谱进行小波变换预处理,然后利用动态时间规整算法(Dynamic time warping,DTW)找到近红外光谱波长点之间最优的对应关系并建立回归方程。使用近红外药品光谱数据集和汽油数据集建立传递模型,验证了基于小波变换动态时间规整模型传递方法的有效性。汽油光谱数据集C7、C8、C9和C10成分的预测标准偏差(SEP)分别为0.414 4、0.801 1、1.090 4和1.290 8;药品光谱数据集活性、硬度和重量的SEP分别为2.585 6、0.434 5和2.270 3,均小于传统方法。上述实验结果表明,所建立的模型传递方法能有效消除源机光谱和目标机光谱之间的差异,提高模型的稳定性和准确性,实现模型传递的效果。     

人工神经网络在纸浆卡伯值光学定量分析中的应用

卡伯值 (硬度 )是纸浆的重要质量指标 ,是制浆过程控制的关键参数 .目前的测量方法包括化学分析法和光学分析法两大类型 ,国内大多数的制浆造纸厂采用离线的传统化学分析法来测定纸浆的卡伯值 ,需要比较长的时间 .而光学分析法因具有实时性好、精度和可靠性高等优点 ,已逐步用于卡伯值的在线测量和控制 .研究 [1] 发现 ,在 460～ 580 nm的可见光谱范围内 ,蒸煮液吸光度的变化可以表征纸浆中木素含量的变化 .本文将可见分光光谱技术应用于蒸煮液中木素含量的在线测量 ,根据蒸煮液在所选波段的吸光度来预测纸浆的卡伯值 ,建立纸浆卡伯值与蒸煮…     

近红外光谱结合特征变量筛选方法用于农药乳油中毒死蜱含量的测定

为提高毒死蜱农药乳油中有效成分近红外光谱定量分析模型的精度和稳定性。采用联合区间偏最小二乘法(siPLS)结合遗传算法(GA)筛选特征变量,由交互验证法确定最佳主成分因子数及筛选的变量数。结果表明,从全光谱区优选出81个变量,主成分因子数为11时,能建立性能最优的模型,模型预测集的决定系数R_p~2为0.972,预测均方根误差(RMSEP)为0.353%。研究表明,利用siPLS结合GA方法优选特征变量,能大幅度地消除农药乳油光谱变量间的冗余信息和无关信息,降低模型的复杂度,提高农药有效成分预测模型的精度及稳定性。     

近红外光谱法测定端羟基环氧乙烷-四氢呋喃共聚醚的羟值

提出了用近红外光谱测定端羟基环氧乙烷-四氢呋喃共聚醚(PET)的羟值,结合主成分回归和偏最小二乘法建立了PET羟值与其近红外光谱之间的关联模型。结果表明,近红外光谱法与化学分析法的测定结果一致;近红外光谱法测定PET羟值的相对误差在5%以内;利用遗传算法选择部分波长建立校正可以降低模型的预测误差。     

基于离散傅立叶变换的支持向量机光谱定量分析法

研究了火电厂电煤煤粉的近红外光谱特征,提取了前3个主成分和前6个离散傅立叶变换(DFT)系数,结合主成分得分、马氏距离和偏最小二乘(PLS)交互验证方法剔除异常样本,并建立偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)、栅格支持向量机回归(G-SVR)、遗传算法支持向量机回归(GA-SVR)和粒子群算法支持向量机回归(PSO-SVR)等定量分析模型。结果表明,利用DFT系数作为PSO-SVR模型的输入变量,当其进化代数为300,种群规模为20,模型参数c1、c2为1.5,1.7时,性能最优,其中校正集相关系数(RC)为0.990,测试集相关系数(RP)为0.954,定标标准差(SEC)为0.366,测试标准差(SEP)为0.128。该方法准确可靠,已成功应用于近红外在线电煤发热量监测系统,并可推广用于其它较为复杂的近红外在线分析系统。     

中药材三七提取液近红外光谱的支持向量机回归校正方法

提出近红外光谱的支持向量机回归校正建模方法.以中药材三七渗漉提取液为实际分析对象,对其近红外光谱数据进行预处理和主成分分析后,用支持向量机回归算法建立人参皂苷R_g1,R_b1和R_d以及三七总皂苷的近红外光谱校正模型.以R_g1,R_b1和R_d的HPLC测定值及三七总皂苷的比色法测定值为参照,将本文方法与偏最小二乘回归和径向基神经网络建模方法相比较,结果表明,本文所建模型的预测准确性优于后两者,可推广应用于中药提取过程的近红外光谱分析.     

主成分回归残差神经网络校正算法用于近红外光谱快速测定汽油辛烷值

根据汽油辛值预测体系本身的非线性特点,提出主成分回归残差神经网络校正算法（principal component regression residual artificial neural network,PCRRANN)用于近红外测定汽油辛烷值的预测模型校正,该方法给合了主成分回归算法（PC）,与经典的线性校正算法（PLS（Partial Least Square),PCR, 以及非线性PLS（NPLS,Non-linear PLS)等相比,预测明显的改善,文中还讨论了PCR主成分数及训练参数对预则模可能的影响。     

人工神经网络用于近红外光谱测定柴油闪点

采用主成分－人工神经网络对不同留程柴油的近红外光谱进行校正,预测其闪点。采用监控集控制网络训练过程,以避免过训练。探讨了人工神经网络（ＡＮＮ）、直接线性连接人工神经网络（ＬＡＮＮ）的校正效果,并与局部权重回归（ＬＷＲ）、主成分回归（ＰＣＲ）及偏最小二乘（ＰＬＳ）等校正方法进行了比较,认为人工神经及直接线性关联的较好手段。     

Random subspace regression ensemble for near-infrared spectroscopic calibration of tobacco samples.

An ensemble, a model-independent technique based on combining several models for classification/regression tasks, allows us to achieve a high accuracy that is often not achievable with single models. Such combinations have gained increasing attention in many fields. This paper proposes the use of random subspace (RS)-based regression ensemble as an alternative method for near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic calibration of tobacco samples. Because of the considerable reduction of variables in a random subspace, multiple linear regression (MLR) is used as the base algorithm and the method is therefore also referred to as RS-MLR. The overall performance of the proposed RS-MLR method is compared to those of partial least square regression (PLSR), kernel principal component regression (KPCR) and kernel partial least square regression (KPLSR). The results reveal that the RS-MLR method not only has a simple concept but also can produce a more parsimonious and more accurate calibration model than PLSR, KPCR and KPLSR, at a lower computational cost. Besides, we also found that the RS-MLR method is very appropriate for the so-called small sample problems and that the calibration models built by RS-MLR are less sensitive to overfitting.     

A new approach to near-infrared spectral data analysis using independent component analysis

This paper presents a new approach to near-infrared spectral (NIR) data analysis that is based on independent component analysis (ICA). The main advantage of the new method is that it is able to separate the spectra of the constituent components from the spectra of their mixtures. The separation is a blind operation, since the constituent components of mixtures can be unknown. The ICA based method is therefore particularly useful in identifying the unknown components in a mixture as well as in estimating their concentrations. The approach is introduced by reference to case studies and compared to other techniques for NIR analysis including principal component regression (PCR), multiple linear regression (MLR), and partial least squares (PLS) as well as Fourier and wavelet transforms.     

Resolution of overlapping signals in spectrometry using a wavelet packet transform and an Elman recurrent neural network

A novel method named a wavelet packet transform based Elman recurrent neural network (WPTERNN) was proposed for the simultaneous UV–visible spectrometric determination of Cu(II), Cd(II) and Zn(II). This method combined wavelet packet denoising with an Elman recurrent neural network. A wavelet packet transform was applied to perform data compression, to extract relevant information, and to eliminate noise and collinearity. An Elman recurrent network was applied for nonlinear multivariate calibration. In this case, using trials, the kind of wavelet function, the decomposition level, and the number of hidden nodes for the WPTERNN method were selected as Daubechies 14, 3, and 8, respectively. A program (PWPTERNN) was designed that could perform the simultaneous determination of Cu(II), Cd(II) and Zn(II). The relative standard errors of prediction (RSEP) obtained for all components using WPTERNN, a Elman recurrent neural network (ERNN), partial least squares (PLS), principal component regression (PCR), Fourier transform based PCR (FTPCR), and multivariate linear regression (MLR) were compared. Experimental results demonstrated that the WPTERRN method was successful even where there was severe overlap of spectra. The results obtained from an additional test case also demonstrated that the WPTERNN method performed very well. Figure The part of WP coefficients obtained by wavelet packet transforms     

Development and Application of Chemometric Methods in Near Infrared Spectral Analysis

In recent 10 years, like other disciplines influenced by the fast development of PC technique, chemometrics has been used in many analytical methods, especially in instrumental analysis. This article describes applications and comparison of multivariate linear regression (MLR), principal component analysis (PCA), principal component regression (PCR), partial least square (PLS), neural network (ANN), fuzzy and model recognition. A better calibration method can be a great help to improve the efficiency of the routine analytical work.     

径向基函数网络在近红外人体无创伤血糖浓度检测基础研究中的应用

在近红外无创伤血糖浓度检测的基础研究中，对于多组分的混合物的分析，常因光谱与样品浓度之间呈现非线性响应，使得基于线性模型的校正方法失效。本文讨论了非线性校正方法径向基函数神经网络( RBFN )的有效性，并与线性校正方法中的主成分分析和偏最小二乘法作了对比研究。验证实验所用样品为①葡萄糖水溶液②包含牛血红蛋白和白蛋白的葡萄糖水溶液，结果表明：在①实验中PLS模型和RBFN预测标准偏差分别为8．2、8．9；在②实验中分别为15．6、8．8。可见在样品组分增多时，RBFN算法较线性PLS方法建立的模型预测能力强。