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光子晶体是由两种或两种以上不同介电常数材料所构成的周期性光学纳米结构.光子晶体结构可分为一维、二维和三维,其中二维光子晶体已成为研究的热点.可调带隙的二维光子晶体可以设计出新型的光学器件,因此,对它的研究具有重要的理论意义和应用价值.本文提出的二维新型函数光子晶体可以实现光子晶体带隙的可调性.所谓二维函数光子晶体,即组成它的介质柱的介电常数是空间坐标的函数,它不同于介电常数为常数的二维常规光子晶体.二维函数光子晶体是通过光折变非线性光学效应或电光效应使介质柱的介电常数成为空间坐标的函数.运用平面波展开法给出了TE和TM波的本征方程,由傅里叶变换得到二维函数光子晶体介电常数ε(r)的傅里叶变换ε(G),其傅里叶变换比常规二维光子晶体的复杂.计算发现当介质柱介电常数为常数时,其傅里叶变换与常规二维光子晶体的相同,因此二维常规光子晶体是二维函数光子晶体的特例.在此基础上具体研究了二维函数光子晶体TE波和TM波的带隙结构,其介质柱介电常数函数形式取为ε(r)=k·r+b,其中k,b为可调的参数.并与二维常规光子晶体TE波和TM波的带隙结构进行了比较,发现二维函数光子晶体与二维常规光子晶体TE波和TM波的带隙结构有明显的区别,二维函数光子晶体的带隙数目、位置以及宽度随参数k的变化而发生改变.从而实现了二维函数光子晶体带隙结构的可调性,为基于二维光子晶体的光学器件的设计提供了新的设计方法和重要的理论依据. 相似文献
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太赫兹波技术和光子晶体技术相结合为设计太赫兹波功能器件提供了新的思路和方法.本文提出了一种基于二维光子晶体的双波长太赫兹波功分器.在光子晶体中引入由三个相互平行的单模波导形成的定向耦合型分束器和Y型结构的1×2型分束器,同时,在Y型结构的分支处分别引入两个介质柱.利用平面波展开法和定向耦合原理计算了在不同入射波频率下,耦合波导的耦合长度,并采用时域有限差分法对功分器的传输特性进行了模拟仿真分析.结果表明,在频率f1=1.0THz时,实现了端口1和端口2的能量均分输出;在频率f2=0.893THz时,通过非对称改变两个介质柱的折射率,可以实现端口3和端口4输出能量的自由分配. 相似文献
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应用等效介质理论,提出了一种计算二维光子晶体的新平面波展开法,数值模拟了圆介质柱在空气中正方排列结构的能带,模拟结果与常规的平面波计算结果符合的很好. 相似文献
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以二维三角晶格光子晶体为研究对象,在该光子晶体中引入两行以一行耦合介质柱为间距的平行单模线缺陷波导.通过分析和研究光子晶体波导耦合结构的耦合和解耦合特性,发现在不同频率下耦合波导的耦合长度不同.利用平面波展开法和定向耦合原理计算了在不同入射光频率下,缺陷波导间耦合波导的耦合长度,设计了一种新型超微光子晶体波导耦合型三波长功分器,实现了归一化频率分别为0.369、0.394、0.435的光波的分束效果.采用时域有限差分法验证了该功分器具有很好的功率分配效果.本文结果有助于光子晶体新型滤波器、定向耦合器、波分复用器、偏振光分束器以及光开关等光子器件的研究. 相似文献
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二维光子晶体分束器和偏转器 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
针对二维光子晶体在光束调整和光束偏转中的应用,采用平面波展开法、二维有限时域差分法和完全匹配层吸收边界条件,从理论上研究了二维方形光子晶体结构中TM模式的自准直现象.通过分析光子晶体的能带结构和等频图,基于二维光子晶体的自准直效应和光子带隙,对光波在二维光子晶体中的传播特性进行了讨论.数值计算表明,通过在合适的方向引入不同的线缺陷,可以实现自准直光束的1×2和1×3分束以及光束偏转.最后讨论了透射光束和偏转光束的能量随线缺陷半径的变化关系.所设计的器件极大地扩展了光子晶体在高密度光学集成电路中的应用. 相似文献
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X.X. Shen X.L. Yang G.Y. Dong X.F. Meng X.F. Xu Y.R. Wang 《Optics Communications》2006,267(2):305-309
The shape and size of the dielectric columns or particles (“atoms”) of photonic crystals (PhCs) formed by holographic lithography are determined by the isointensity surfaces of the interference field; consequently the PhCs’ photonic band gap (PBG) properties are closely related to their fabrication design. Here we have proposed a new structure of two-dimensional (2-D) hexagonal lattice with irregular columns, which can yield a 2-D complete relative band gap of 24.0% in case of the dielectric columns of ε = 13.6 in air, about 27% increase compared with that of the same lattice with regular triangular columns. This band gap size is among the largest for all the possible 2-D PhCs reported until now. The relationship between band gap properties of resultant structure and the specific fabrication conditions such as structure design and the choice of optimum intensity threshold and filling ratio are systematically discussed. The optical design for making this structure by two exposures is explained. This work may demonstrate the unique feature and advantages of photonic crystals made by holographic method and provide a guideline for their design and experimental fabrication. 相似文献
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In this paper, the principal and characteristics of one-dimensional photonic crystal are introduced, its transmission matrix is derived; and its light transmission characteristics are also analyzed through numerical calculation by means of transfer matrix method, including impacts of dielectric layer thickness, permittivity, and dielectric periodicity, etc. on light transmission characteristics of 1-D photonic crystals. 相似文献
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An improved plan-wave expansion method is adopted to theoretically study the photonic band diagrams of twodimensional(2D) metal/dielectric photonic crystals.Based on the photonic band structures,the dependence of flat bands and photonic bandgaps on two parameters(dielectric constant and filling factor) are investigated for two types of 2D metal/dielectric(M/D) photonic crystals,hole and cylinder photonic crystals.The simulation results show that band structures are affected greatly by these two parameters.Flat bands and bandgaps can be easily obtained by tuning these parameters and the bandgap width may reach to the maximum at certain parameters.It is worth noting that the hole-type photonic crystals show more bandgaps than the corresponding cylinder ones,and the frequency ranges of bandgaps also depend strongly on these parameters.Besides,the photonic crystals containing metallic medium can obtain more modulation of photonic bands,band gaps,and large effective refractive index,etc.than the dielectric/dielectric ones.According to the numerical results,the needs of optical devices for flat bands and bandgaps can be met by selecting the suitable geometry and material parameters. 相似文献
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一维光子晶体禁带的展宽 总被引:13,自引:6,他引:7
作为一维光子晶体的应用基础,一维光子晶体的禁带是研究的重点。通过传输矩阵的方法分析了一维光子晶体禁带的特性,讨论了影响带宽的因素。说明了相对带宽对光子晶体设计的重要性。在这个基础上讨论了扩展一维光子晶体带宽的方法,提出了在角域范围内对光子晶体进行叠加的方法,为设计制造一维光子晶体提供了一种行之有效的方法。分别对2个、3个和4个晶体的叠加进行了分析,最后计算了所设计的合成晶体的反射率。其中4个晶体的叠加,相对带宽达到57.52%,极大地展宽了一维光子晶体的禁带,从而证明利用角域的叠加来展宽一维光子晶体的禁带是非常有效的。 相似文献
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The tunable two-dimensional photonic crystals band gap, absolute photonic band gap and semi-Dirac point are beneficial to designing the novel optical devices. In this paper, tunable photonic band gaps structure was realized by a new type two-dimensional function photonic crystals, which dielectric constants of medium columns are functions of space coordinates. However for the two-dimensional conventional photonic crystals the dielectric constant does not change with space coordinates. As the parameter adjustment, we found that the photonic band gaps structures are dielectric constant function coefficient, medium columns radius, dielectric constant function form period number and pump light intensity dependent, namely, the photonic band gaps position and width can be tuned. we also obtained absolute photonic band gaps and semi-Dirac point in the photonic band gaps structures of two-dimensional function photonic crystals. These results provide an important theoretical foundation for design novel optical devices. 相似文献
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GK Johri Akhilesh Tiwari Saumya Saxena Rajesh Sharma Kuldeep Srivastava Manoj Johri 《Pramana》2002,58(3):563-567
Calculations for the relative width (Δω/ω0) as a function of refractive index and relative radius of the photonic band gap for the fcc closed packed 3-D dielectric
microstructure are reported and comparison of experimental observations and theoretical predictions are given. This work is
useful for the understanding of photonic crystals and occurrence of the photonic band gap. 相似文献