固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法分析乙烯利在棉籽、棉叶和土壤中的残留

建立固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(SPE/UPLC-MS/MS)检测棉籽、棉叶和土壤中乙烯利残留的分析方法。各基质经甲醇-1%甲酸提取,Oasis MAX色谱柱净化,Cortecs Hilic超高效液相色谱柱进行分离,电喷雾负离子多重反应监测(MRM)模式进行测定。结果表明:在0. 02～1. 94 mg/L范围内,乙烯利在溶剂和各基质提取液中的峰面积与其对应的质量浓度间线性关系均良好,r~2≥0. 996 3;方法的检出限为0. 01mg/kg,定量下限为0. 02 mg/kg;在0. 02、0. 194、3. 88 mg/kg加标水平下,乙烯利在3种基质中的回收率为78. 3%～95. 1%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1. 9%～5. 2%。该方法具有操作简单、重复性好、灵敏度高等特点,适用于棉籽、棉叶和土壤中乙烯利残留的检测。     

超声提取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定土壤中乙酰甲胺磷与甲胺磷的研究

建立了超声提取/超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)快速测定土壤中乙酰甲胺磷和甲胺磷的方法。10. 0 g土壤样品采用20. 0 m L甲醇超声萃取30 min,取上清液过0. 22μm滤膜后进行UPLC-MS/MS分析,外标法定量。结果表明:乙酰甲胺磷和甲胺磷在0. 002～20. 0μg/L质量浓度范围内线性良好(r~2 0. 999),方法检出限分别为0. 004 9μg/kg和0. 003 4μg/kg。在0. 400、4. 00、40. 00μg/kg加标水平下,土壤样品中乙酰甲胺磷和甲胺磷的平均回收率分别为83. 0%～91. 5%和88. 0%～94. 8%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)分别为2. 3%～4. 8%和1. 8%～4. 2%。该方法前处理简单快捷、灵敏度高、定性定量准确,可用于土壤样品中乙酰甲胺磷和甲胺磷含量的快速检测。     

分散固相萃取-液相色谱质谱法测定多种基质中的氰氟草酯和氰氟草酸

建立了田水、土壤、水稻植株、水稻稻壳和糙米中氰氟草酯及代谢产物氰氟草酸的残留分析方法。前处理方法利用乙腈为提取剂,N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)、石墨化碳黑(GCB)和C18为分散净化剂的QuEChERS方法,并利用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)在多反应离子监测模式(MRN)下进行检测,外标法定量。结果表明:氰氟草酯和氰氟草酸在0. 01～1. 0 mg·L~(-1)浓度范围内均具有良好的线性关系(R~2≥0. 997);在0. 05～1. 00 mg·kg~(-1)添加水平范围内平均回收率为70. 6%～105. 8%;相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为0. 3%～7. 9%;氰氟草酯和氰氟草酸的方法检出限(LOD)为0. 11和0. 16μg·kg~(-1);定量限为0. 37和0. 54μg·kg~(-1)。该方法分析速度快、灵敏度高、重现性好,适用于多种基质上氰氟草酯和氰氟草酸的快速检测和确证。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鳗鱼肌肉组织中6种喹诺酮类药物残留

建立了快速测定鳗鱼肌肉中氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星、恩诺沙星、环丙沙星、氟甲喹和恶喹酸6种喹诺酮类(QNs)药物残留的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)方法。样品经0.2mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS,pH=7.0)匀浆后,采用酸性乙腈(含0.2%甲酸)提取,正己烷脱脂,用ACQUITY UPLC BHE C18柱(100×2.1 mm,1.7μm),以乙腈-5mmol/L乙酸铵溶液(含0.2%甲酸)为流动相,用多反应监测(MRM)正离子扫描方式进行质谱检测,内标法定量。结果表明,该方法对以上6种喹诺酮类药物的线性范围为0.1~50μg/kg,相关系数(r)均大于0.9976;检出限为0.03~0.25μg/kg,定量限为0.1~0.8μg/kg,在1.0、2.0、10μg/kg 3个添加水平的回收率为84.8%~97.8%,相对标准偏差为4.5%~11.3%。该法简单、灵敏、特异性强,适用于鳗鱼肌肉中喹诺酮类药物多残留的检测。     

超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱测定蔬菜中喹诺酮类抗生素

建立了蔬菜中4种喹诺酮类抗生素的超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱(UPLC-ESI-MS/MS)分析方法。每克蔬菜样品(干重)以15 mL乙腈-HCl(125∶8,V/V)进行振荡-超声提取3次,用HLB固相萃取柱进行净化富集,以6 mL 1%酸化乙腈进行洗脱,用N2进行吹脱,最后用初始流动相进行定容。以0.1%甲酸-乙腈溶液和0.1%甲酸溶液作为流动相,采用梯度洗脱方式进行UPLC-ESI-MS/MS检测。蔬菜中4种喹诺酮类化合物不同浓度加标回收率为61%～90%;相对标准偏差(RSD)小于5%(个别除外);检出限为0.021～0.092μg/kg;定量限为0.065～0.312μg/kg。本方法能够满足实际蔬菜样品的分析要求。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定畜禽排泄物中20种磺胺类药物的残留

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定畜禽排泄物中20种磺胺类药物残留量的分析方法。样品经冷冻干燥后粉碎过筛,90%酸化乙腈提取,HLB固相萃取柱净化,UPLC-MS/MS检测,基质匹配校准外标法定量。结果显示,20种磺胺类药物在2～250 ng/mL浓度范围内,线性良好,相关系数均>0.99,检出限为2μg/kg,定量限为5μg/kg。在添加浓度分别为5、10、500μg/kg时,平均回收率为78.0%～117%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为1.1%～14.2%。该方法具有较低的检出限、定量限及较高的回收率和稳定性,可应用于畜禽排泄物中20种磺胺类药物残留量的监测。     

QuEChERS/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定茶叶中17种氨基甲酸酯类农药及其代谢物残留

建立了检测茶叶中灭多威等17种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)方法。详细讨论了加水对茶叶中氨基甲酸酯类农药提取效率的影响。茶叶样品加水后,用乙腈提取,经QuEChERS方法净化,C18色谱柱分离,三重四极杆电喷雾质谱检测,基质外标法定量。17种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留在各自质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(R~2)均大于0. 99。方法检出限(S/N=3)为0. 001～0. 02 mg/kg,定量限(S/N=10)为0. 002～0. 05 mg/kg。在0. 05,0. 5,5. 0 mg/kg 3个添加水平下,17种农药残留平均加标回收率在82. 1%～119. 2%之间,相对标准偏差均小于8. 5%。     

QuEChERS/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物源食品中氟啶虫胺腈和氟吡呋喃酮残留量

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定动物源食品中氟啶虫胺腈和氟吡呋喃酮残留量的方法。样品中的氟啶虫胺腈和氟吡呋喃酮经乙腈超声提取和分散固相萃取净化,净化后的样液经滤膜过滤后采用UPLC-MS/MS法测定。以乙腈和5 mmol/L乙酸铵-0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相,采用ACQUITY UPLC^? HSS T3色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8μm)分离,电喷雾离子化、正离子扫描方式和多反应监测模式检测,外标法定量。结果表明,氟啶虫胺腈和氟吡呋喃酮在0.25～20.0μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r²)分别为0.999 3和0.999 1,方法检出限和定量下限分别为1.0μg/kg和5.0μg/kg。实际样品的平均加标回收率为90.1%～113%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.5%～7.8%。该方法快速简便、准确度和灵敏度高、重现性好,可满足动物源食品中氟啶虫胺腈和氟吡呋喃酮残留的检测要求。     

牛奶中32种农药的气相色谱-离子阱串联质谱法测定

建立了牛奶中有机氯、有机磷和拟除虫菊酯3类32种农药残留的气相色谱-离子阱串联质谱(GC-IT-MS/MS)分析方法。针对目标物灵敏度不同选择电子轰击电离源或化学电离源,系统地优化了串联质谱的分析条件,并分析了产生这些影响的机理。在优化条件下,32种农药在25(10)～500(200)μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0. 994;倍硫磷和毒死蜱的方法检出限(MDL)分别为1. 7μg/kg和2. 8μg/kg,其它30种农药的MDL为0. 026～1. 2μg/kg;当样品的加标浓度水平为50、200μg/kg(有机氯类农药的加标浓度为20、100μg/kg)时,32种目标物的平均加标回收率为71. 5%～116%,相对标准偏差为1. 9%～14%。将方法应用于实际样品的检测,其抗干扰能力强,能减少分析结果的假阳性。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测柑橘样品中氟吡呋喃酮及其代谢物残留

采用超高液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)技术建立了同时检测柑橘全果、橘肉及橘皮中氟吡呋喃酮及其代谢物二氟乙酸(DFA)、6-氯烟酸(6-CNA)和二氟乙氨基呋喃酮(DFEAF)残留的分析方法。样品经乙腈提取,分散固相萃取(PSA)净化,采用电喷雾电离(ESI+/ESI-)快速正负切换模式,多反应监测模式(MRM)扫描,外标法定量。结果表明,氟吡呋喃酮及其代谢物在1～500μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0. 997 9～0. 999 6,检出限为0. 001 mg/L;在0. 05、0. 3、2 mg/kg加标水平下,柑橘全果、果肉中氟吡呋喃酮及其代谢物的回收率为71. 9%～106%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0. 8%～9. 1%;在0. 1、0. 3、3 mg/kg加标水平下,柑橘果皮的回收率为77. 9%～100%,RSD为1. 2%～6. 5%。氟吡呋喃酮及其代谢物在柑橘全果、橘肉和橘皮中的定量下限(LOQ)分别为0. 05、0. 05、0. 1 mg/kg。该方法操作简便、快速准确,适于柑橘基质中氟吡呋喃酮及其代谢物残留量的快速检测。     

Gels from a semifluorinated n-alkane in fluorinated solvents as a probe for intermolecular interactions

Diblock semifluorinated n-alkanes can form aggregates and gels in fluorinated solvents. We have investigated the thermal behavior of binary mixtures comprising F(CF₂)₈(CH₂)₁₆H and fluorinated solvents. The solvents were perfluorohexane, perfluoroheptane, perfluorooctane, perfluorooctyl bromide, perfluorodecalin, and perfluorotributylamine. The phase diagrams were used to calculate the activity coefficients of the two components and the main excess thermodynamic functions. The solubility and self-assembly behavior of F₈H₁₆ in the fluorinated solvents are related to the different solute–solvent dispersion interactions that depend on the polarizabilities and ionization potentials of the interacting species, and on the structural properties of the solvent.     

PMDA-BPDA-HAB聚苯并噁唑的合成及耐热性

PMDA-BPDA-HAB聚苯并噁唑的合成及耐热性;均苯四甲酸二酐;联苯四羧酸二酐;二羟基联苯胺;聚酰亚胺;聚苯并噁唑;耐热性     

HCOO在Cu(110)、Ag(110)和Au(110)表面的吸附

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)以及广义梯度近似方法(GGA)计算了甲酸根(HCOO)在Cu(110)、Ag(110)和Au(110)表面的吸附. 计算结果表明, 短桥位是最稳定的吸附位置, 计算的几何参数与以前的实验和计算结果吻合. 吸附热顺序为Cu(110)(-116 kJ·mol-1)>Ag(110)(-57 kJ·mol-1)>Au(110)(-27 kJ·mol-1), 与实验上甲酸根的分解温度相一致. 电子态密度分析表明, 吸附热顺序可以用吸附分子与金属d-带之间的Pauli 排斥来关联, 即排斥作用越大, 吸附越弱. 另外还从计算的吸附热数据以及实验上HCOO的分解温度估算了反应CO2+1/2H2→HCOO的活化能, 其大小顺序为Au(110)>Ag(110)>Cu(110).     

Studies on the Formation of Catalytically Active PGM Nanoparticles from Model Solutions as a Basis for the Recycling of Spent Catalysts

The paper presents basic studies on the precipitation of platinum, palladium, rhodium, and ruthenium nanoparticles from model acidic solutions using sodium borohydride, ascorbic acid, and sodium formate as reducing agents and polyvinylpyrrolidone as a stabilizing agent. The size of the obtained PGM particles after precipitation with NaBH₄ solution does not exceed 55 nm. NaBH₄ is an efficient reducer; the precipitation yields for Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh are 75, 90, 65 and 85%, respectively. By precipitation with ascorbic acid, it is possible to efficiently separate Pt, Rh, and Ru from Pd from the two-component mixtures. The obtained Pt, Pd, and Rh precipitates have the catalytic ability of the catalytic reaction of p-nitrophenol to p-aminophenol. The morphological characteristic of the PGM precipitates was analyzed by AFM, SEM-EDS, and TEM.     

Transition metal complexes of the tripodal ligand 4-(2′-pyridylmethyl)-4-azaheptane-1,7-diamine. Crystal structures of [CuLCl]ClO4 and [NiL(MeCN)2](ClO4)2

The tripodal ligand 4-(2′-pyridylmthyl)-4-azaheptane-1,7-diamine has been prepared by reaction of 2-aminemethyl pyridine with acrylonitrile, followed by the reduction of the nitrile groups. Copper(II), nickel(II), zinc(II), cobalt(III) and chromium(III) complexes of the ligand have been prepared and characterized and the crystal structures of the complexes [CuLCl]ClO₄ and [NiL(MeCN)₂](ClO₄)₂ determined. The copper complex is five coordinate with approximate square pyramidal stereochemistry with the apical position occupied by a primary amine donor. The nickel complex is octahedral with the pyridine nitrogen donor lying trans to an acetonitrile ligand.     

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF METAL COMPLEXES WITH AMPICILLIN

Abstract

The reaction, in water, of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) ions with sodium ampicillinate at room temperature has allowed isolation of dimers with the following general formula [M(amp)Cl]₂ × nH₂O (n = 1.5?3.2). The complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, conductivity measurements, magnetic susceptibilities and spectroscopic methods (IR, Raman, EPR and UV-Visible). A dinuclear structure based on octahedrally coordinated metal ions is proposed.     

Magnetism of metal-nitroxide compounds involving bis-chelating imidazole and benzimidazole substituted nitronyl nitroxide free radicals

Coordination compounds based on imidazole and benzimidazole substituted nitronyl nitroxide radicals with transition metal ions and trivalent lanthanide ions are described from the perspective of their magnetic properties.For the transition metal compounds the crystal structures show various metal-nitroxide dimensionalities including mononuclear (0D), one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) complexes. The mononuclear complexes were isolated with most metal ions of the first transition series. One copper(II) complex shows a copper(II)-radical ferromagnetic coupling (J = +75 cm⁻¹) while for the other mononuclear compounds, mainly with manganese(II), the metal-radical interactions are antiferromagnetic. The one-dimensional and two-dimensional complexes are manganese(II) compounds which show canting effects leading to weak ferromagnetism.For the trivalent lanthanide ions [La(III), Gd(III) and Eu(III)], three series of mononuclear complexes were obtained in which the metal center is bound to four, two or one nitroxide radicals depending on the counter ions and ancillary ligands. Unexpectedly, in most gadolinium(III) complexes, the Gd(III)-radical interactions were found to be antiferromagnetic in contradiction with other foundings and previous theoretical models. In support to the magnetic studies, the optical properties of the lantanide complexes have also been investigated and are briefly described.     

New Complexes of Ditopic Ligands with “d” and/or “s” Metal Ions

Abstract

The asymmetric compartmental macrocycles containing one N₂O₂ or N₃O₂ Schiff base and one O₂O₃ or O₂O₄ crown-ether like chamber, have been obtained by condensation reaction of the formyl precursors 3,3′-(3-oxapentane-1, 5-diyldioxy) bis (2-hydroxybenzaldehyde) or 3,3′-(3,6-dioxaoctane-1,8-diyldioxy)-bis(2-hydroxybenzaldehyde) with ethyl ethylenediamine (H₂L_A, H₂L_C), 1,5-diamino-3-azamethylpentane(H₂L_B, H₂L_D), also in the presence of metal ions as templating agents. These ditopic ligands, with dissimilar coordination sites, have been designed and used for the selective complexation of “d” and/or “s” metal ions, respectively into the Schiff base and the crown ether chamber. The selectivity of these processes strongly depends on the size and on the donor atom sets of the sites. The possibility to obtain mononuclear M(L)·nH₂O (M = Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, Co²⁺), Mn(L)(CH₃COO)·nH₂O or Na(L) and hetero-dinuclear MNa(L)(CH₃COO) (M = Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, Co²⁺) and MnNa(L)(CH₃COO)₂·nH₂O complexes has been successfully tested. The ligands and complexes have been characterized by ir, nmr, mass spectrometry and magnetic susceptibility measurements.

Two of the ligands used for the preparation of the solid samples, i.e., to H₂L_A and H₂L_B, have been employed to study complexation reactions of Co(II) and Na(I) in solution. In order to obtain information on the ligand preorganization effect toward the complex stabilities, a simpler open chain parent compound of H₂L_B (H₂L_E) has been also prepared and studied. FT-IR spectra show that H₂L_A is unable to complex Na⁺ in DMSO while the complexation reactions of Na⁺ by H₂L_B and of Co²⁺ by H₂L_A take place with slow kinetics. Therefore, thermodynamic data have been obtained only for the systems Co²⁺/H₂L_B and Co²⁺/H₂L_E. The thermodynamic parameters obtained for the complexation reactions show that the pre-organization of the donor atoms in H₂L_B does not add a significant contribution to the stabilities of the complexes. Both H₂L_B and H₂L_E form in DMSO 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 = M:L complexes with very similar stabilities and almost equal enthalpies of formation. Physico-chemical studies suggest besides that the slow reaction of Na⁺ with H₂L_B is probably due to the formation of a 1:1 complex where the metal cation, initially occupying the O₃ cage of the ligand, slowly binds also the oxygens of the phenolic moieties. Spectral and calorimetric data on solutions containing H₂L_B and different Co²⁺: Na⁺ ratios evidence that in DMSO no stable heterodinuclear complexes form when the neutral ligand is considered.     

具有聚集诱导发光性质的近红外荧光染料

聚集诱导发光(AIE)现象的发现为解决传统有机荧光分子在高浓度和聚集形态下存在的荧光猝灭问题提供了最佳方案,并实现了在光电器件、化学传感、生物成像和靶向治疗等众多领域的广泛应用.随着对AIE 发光机理研究的不断深入,AIE 分子体系得到了极大的扩展.其中,一类具有给体-受体结构的AIE分子能够显著降低分子能隙,使发光分...     

Simple,Selective, and Sensitive Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Trace Amounts of Nickel（Ⅱ）, Copper （Ⅱ）, Cobalt （Ⅱ）, and Iron （Ⅲ） with a Novel Reagent 2-Pyridine Carboxaldehyde Isonicotinyl Hydrazone

A selective and sensitive reagent of 2-pyridine carboxaldehyde isonicotinyl hydrazone（2-PYAINH） was synthesized and studied for the spectrophotometric determination of nickel, copper, cobalt, and iron in detail. At a pH value of 7.0, 9,0, 9.0, and 8.0, respectively, which greatly increased the selectivity; nickel, copper, cobalt, and iron reacted with 2-PYAINH to form a 1：2 yellow-orange, 1：2 yellow-green, 1：2 yellow and 1：1 yellow complexes, with absorption peaks at 363, 352, 346, and 359 nm, respectively. Under the optimal conditions, Beer＇s law was obeyed over the ranges of 0.01-1.4, 0.01-1.5, 0.01-2.7, and 0.01-5.4 mg/L respectively. The apparent molar absorptivity and Sandell＇s sensitivities were 8.4×10^4, 5.2×10^4, 7.1×10^4, and 3.9×10^4 L·mol^-l·cm^-1, respectively, and 0.00069, 0.0012, 0.00078, and 0.0014 μg·cm2, respectively. The detection limits were found to be 0.001, 0.002, 0.003, and 0.01 mg/L, respectively. The detailed study of various interfering ions to make the method more sensitive was carried out and selective and several real samples were analyzed with satisfactory results.