QuEChERS/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定茶叶中17种氨基甲酸酯类农药及其代谢物残留

建立了检测茶叶中灭多威等17种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)方法。详细讨论了加水对茶叶中氨基甲酸酯类农药提取效率的影响。茶叶样品加水后,用乙腈提取,经QuEChERS方法净化,C18色谱柱分离,三重四极杆电喷雾质谱检测,基质外标法定量。17种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留在各自质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(R~2)均大于0. 99。方法检出限(S/N=3)为0. 001～0. 02 mg/kg,定量限(S/N=10)为0. 002～0. 05 mg/kg。在0. 05,0. 5,5. 0 mg/kg 3个添加水平下,17种农药残留平均加标回收率在82. 1%～119. 2%之间,相对标准偏差均小于8. 5%。     

敌百虫在棉花和土壤中的残留研究

建立了敌百虫在棉花和土壤中残留量的高效液相色谱-电喷雾质谱(HPLC-ESI/MS)测定方法.该方法最小检出量为1.5×10-11 g,最小检出浓度在植株和土壤中均为0.05 mg/kg,加样回收率为植株71%～76%、土壤96%～103%、棉籽74%～79%,相对标准偏差分别为3.2%～16%、5.2%～12%、4.8%～6.5%.本法快速、灵敏、准确,可以用于敌百虫的残留分析.降解动态和最终残留研究结果表明,敌百虫在植株和土壤中的半衰期(T50)分别为0.4～0.6 d和0.5～1.2 d;以推荐剂量施药2～3次,或以2倍推荐剂量施药2～3次,采收间隔21 d,棉籽和土壤中敌百虫残留量均低于0.05 mg/kg.     

QuEChERS/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定土壤中19种氟喹诺酮类抗生素残留

建立了一种基于QuEChERS前处理技术,结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)和内标法,快速测定土壤中19种氟喹诺酮类抗生素(FQs)残留的分析方法。5. 0 g土壤样品添加200μg/kg基质匹配同位素内标后,经20 m L 0. 1 mol/L EDTA-McIlvaine缓冲液和乙腈混合溶剂(体积比1∶1)提取,基质分散固相萃取(150 mg无水MgSO4、15 mg PSA、15 mg C18)净化后,采用UPLC-MS/MS进行测定。质谱分析采用电喷雾电离,正离子扫描,多反应监测模式。在优化条件下,19种抗生素的相关系数(r~2)为0. 992～0. 998,检出限为0. 2～1. 0μg/kg,定量下限为1. 0～5. 0μg/kg;在10、50、200μg/kg加标水平下的回收率为65. 2%～104%,相对标准偏差(n=5)不大于14%。该方法操作简单快速、准确度高,适用于土壤中氟喹诺酮类抗生素残留的检测。     

QuEChERS/高效液相色谱法测定棉花田中吡草醚及其代谢物的残留量

建立了棉花植株、棉籽和土壤样品中吡草醚及其主要代谢物E-1的Qu ECh ERS/高效液相色谱-可变波长紫外检测器(HPLC/VWD)检测方法。样品用乙腈-水混合溶液提取,Qu ECh ERS方法净化,以Ultimate XB-C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)进行HPLC分离,检测波长为246 nm,基质匹配标准品外标法定量。结果表明:吡草醚和E-1在0.01~1.0 mg/L质量浓度范围内呈良好线性关系(r20.999)。在棉花植株、棉籽和土壤中分别进行3个浓度的加标回收实验,吡草醚和E-1在样品中的平均回收率分别为83.5%~106.3%和74.9%~102.3%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)分别为0.5%~5.2%和1.6%~19.2%。吡草醚和E-1的检出限(LOD,S/N3)均为0.1 ng,在棉花植株和棉籽中的定量下限(LOQ)均为0.04 mg/kg,在土壤中的LOQ均为0.02 mg/kg。该方法前处理快速、简单、经济,可用于常规实验室棉花植株、棉籽和土壤样品中吡草醚及其代谢物E-1的残留检测。     

超高效液相色谱法测定水果和饮料中残留的氟嘧菌酯和嘧螨酯

建立了多种水果和饮料中氟嘧菌酯和嘧螨酯残留的超高效液相色谱测定方法。样品用乙酸乙酯-环己烷(体积比为1∶1)超声波萃取,凝胶渗透色谱法净化,超高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器检测,外标法定量。采用BEH C18色谱柱(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm),流动相为水-乙腈(体积比为3∶7),流速为0.3 mL/min,柱温为40 ℃,紫外检测波长为251 nm。实验结果表明：氟嘧菌酯和嘧螨酯在0.05～2 mg/L范围内线性关系良好(r>0.999),在不同的基质中添加3个浓度水平(0.01,0.05,0.1 mg/kg)的氟嘧菌酯和嘧螨酯,两者的回收率均在82.60%～101.11%之间,相对标准偏差为5.4%～15.3%;检出限不大于6 μg/kg,定量限不大于20 μg/kg。     

NANO碳净化-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定东北黑土壤中多农残含量

本文使用NANO碳净化柱对土壤中的31种农药进行净化,并且通过超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)进行测定。土壤样品经过NANO碳净化柱,净化效果良好。31种农药的检出限为0.001~0.01mg/kg,定量限为0.003~0.033mg/kg,添加回收率在70%~120%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)在0%~10%之间。结果表明,该方法简单、快捷、灵敏度高,线性范围、回收率和精密度均适合土壤中的31种农药残留检测,在土壤农药残留筛查中具有较好的应用前景。     

正相硅胶/选择洗脱-气相色谱法、液相色谱-质谱法检测食品中甲胺磷残留及其作用机理研究

以正相硅胶/选择洗脱为核心,建立了一种适用于各种复杂基质食品中甲胺磷残留分析的前处理方法.样品用无水Na2SO4配合乙酸乙酯均质研磨,超声波辅助提取,提取液经PSA粉末分散固相萃取和LC-Si柱单一溶剂选择洗脱净化后,供气相色谱仪(GC)和超高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪(UPLC-MS/MS)分析.气相色谱采用火焰光度检测器(FPD),液相色谱-质谱联用采用电喷雾正离子方式(ESI+),T3键合技术(HSS T3)和亲水作用(HILIC)超高效液相色谱柱分离,外标法定量.方法简便、快速,通过优化前处理和上机条件,在最优条件下进行测试,气相色谱法、液相色谱-质谱联用法的定量下限(S/N≥10)为0.0007～0.006 mg/kg,回收率分别为73%～90%, 81%～96%,相对标准偏差分别为2.4%～6.1%, 5.2%～10.8%.并对选择洗脱净化过程中的作用机理进行了研究.     

QuEChERS/液相色谱-串联质谱法测定果蔬中乙烯利残留

建立了果蔬中乙烯利残留快速检测的QuEChERS/液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)方法。样品以水提取,经N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)和石墨化碳黑(GCB)净化后,通过色谱和质谱条件的优化,采用电喷雾电离正离子模式(ESI+)、多反应监测(MRM),空白基质外标法定量。结果表明:乙烯利在0.5~50 mg/L范围内,线性系数不小于0.995,在5种基质(黄瓜、番茄、辣椒、苹果、香蕉)中,3个加标水平(2.5、5.0、10.0 mg/kg)下的回收率为80.5%~92.7%,标准标准偏差为3.1%~8.3%。该方法简便、快速、安全,可用于果蔬样品中乙烯利残留的快速确证及定量分析。     

UPLC-MS/MS法测定22种农产品中杀螺胺乙醇胺盐残留

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）测定22种农产品中杀螺胺乙醇胺盐残留的分析方法。样品采用改进的QuEChERS方法进行前处理,使用1%甲酸乙腈提取,利用弗罗里硅土进行净化,采用C18色谱柱进行分离,电喷雾离子源负电离方式和多反应监测模式检测,基质外标法定量。结果表明,22种农产品基质中杀螺胺乙醇胺盐在0.005～0.10μg/mL范围内均呈现良好的线性关系;在茶叶中的检出限为0.003 mg/kg,定量下限为0.01 mg/kg,在其它基质中的检出限为0.002 mg/kg,定量下限均为0.005 mg/kg。在低、中、高3个加标水平下,平均回收率为77.3%～115%,相对标准偏差（RSD）小于10%,符合残留分析方法要求。该方法简单快速,试剂消耗较小,可满足农产品中杀螺胺乙醇胺盐的检测需求。     

分散固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定玉米和土壤中噻酮磺隆-异唑草酮及其代谢物残留

建立了分散固相萃取结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱快速检测玉米和土壤中噻酮磺隆、异嚼唑草酮及其代谢物RPA203328与RPA202248残留的分析方法.样品经1％甲酸-乙腈溶剂提取,氯化钠盐析后,提取液经分散固相萃取净化,超高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪检测.考察了提取溶剂及吸附剂种类对分析结果的影响,优化了液相色谱-质谱条件,评估了优化实验条件下的方法性能.结果表明:在玉米样品中,4种分析物的基质效应均大于10％;在土壤样品中,除RPA202248基质效应小于10％外,其余3种分析物的基质效应均大于10％.噻酮磺隆、异唑草酮及其代谢物在0.001 ～ 1.0 μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.994 5 ～0.999 5.加标浓度在0.005 ～0.1 mg/kg范围内的回收率为72.9％～ 116.5％,相对标准偏差(n=5)为0.75％ ～ 17.8％,定量下限为0.005 ～0.01 mg/kg.该方法前处理简单,分析时间短,准确度和灵敏度高,适用于玉米和土壤中噻酮磺隆、异唑草酮及其代谢物残留的快速检测.     

Cotton plant lignins

This paper generalizes the results of studies on lignins isolated from the stems, bolls, and seed hulls of cotton plants of a number of varieties as functions of the vegetation periods of the plants. The UV, IR and¹H and¹³C NMR spectra of the lignins have been studied. The dioxane lignin (DLA) and the natural lignins have been subjected to nitrobenzene oxidation and to cleavage with sodium in liquid nitrogen. A structure of the lignin macromolecules consisting of 18 phenylpropane structural units has been done up. Information is given on the use of lignins in agriculture, the food industry, and the paint and varnish industry. The anticorrosion and sorption properties of hydrolysis and modified hydrolysis lignins have been studied.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 40 64 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 465–496, July–August, 1997.     

Polyethylenimine-Containing Cotton Fabrics

Abstract

Polyethylenimine-containing cotton fabrics were prepared by reaction of 1-epoxyethyl-3, 4-epoxycyclohexane with cotton fabric impregnated with polyethylenimine of a moderately high molecular weight. Fabrics with a high unremovable polyethylenimine content and with a different degree of cross-linking were obtained. Adsorption of several heavy metal salts such as mercuric chloride and cupric sulfate by the fabrics was investigated. Adsorption was controlled by polyethylenimine content of the fabric, extent of cross-linking, and the pH of the solution.     

Thermal Degradation of Cotton Cellulose

The thermal degradation of cotton cellulose treated with chemical mixtures containing P and N was studied by thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy, Char yield and limiting-oxygen-index (LOI). Our experiments demonstrated the following facts. The temperatures and activation energies of pyrolysis were lower for cotton cellulose treated with flame retardants than those for untreated samples and the values of Char yield and LOI were greater for treated cotton than those for untreated one. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Grafting Studies on Cotton Cellulose

Graft copolymerization reactions of vinyl monomers with fibrous cotton cellulose that were initiated at free-radical sites formed on the cellulose molecule are discussed. The effects of experimental conditions on the methods of initiating these free-radical reactions and on the location of these sites on the cellulose molecule are outlined. Some of the properties of the fibrous cellulose graft copolymers are discussed.     

Lipids from Five Cotton Varieties

Seed characteristics and the lipid and fatty-acid compositions were determined for the new cotton varieties ASh-25, Omad, 9771-I, Termez-43, and Bukhara-6.     

棉浆粨纤维素的超声波处理

氢键;结晶程度;棉浆粨纤维素的超声波处理     

Diglycyrrhizates, Regulators of Cotton Cellulose Formation

The influence of diglycyrrhizic acid derivatives on the activity of enzymes involved in cotton-fiber formation was investigated. Salts of diglycyrrhizic acid containing zinc, sodium, and cobalt were demonstrated to act as stimulants. It has been found that diglycyrrhizates can be used as cotton-fiber formation regulators.     

纳米二氧化钛负载棉织物的制备及性能

以棉织物为基体,通过紫外辐照和超声法将不同表面性质的TiO_2纳米粒子负载到棉织物上,制备自清洁材料.利用扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析、接触角、紫外-可见光谱及降解甲基橙溶液等手段分别对样品表面的结构形貌、元素分布、光催化活性、紫外屏蔽性能和耐久性等进行分析.结果表明,棉织物经紫外辐照后,TiO_2纳米粒子与其结合更牢固,耐久性更佳;TiO_2负载后的棉织物表现出超疏水性能及优异的光催化活性和紫外屏蔽性能;与未改性的TiO_2纳米粒子相比,由聚乙烯醇(PVA)改性的TiO_2纳米粒子制备的自清洁棉织物的可见光光催化活性更高,其可见光的光催化效率是前者的3.9倍.PVA改性的纳米TiO_2对290~400 nm范围内的紫外光有较好的吸收作用,其紫外屏蔽效果更佳.     

Free-Radical Gossypol Derivatives for Cotton Verticillium Wilt

The ability to bind reversibly molecular oxygen was established for a free-radical product of gossypol oxidation. Conversion of dianhydrogossypol into the stable biradical dioxodianhydrogossypol was viewed as the reason for interruption of the gossypol redox conversion cycle in the extracellular milieu of cotton steles.