海平面宇宙线μ子垂直绝对强度及积分动量谱测量

利用两个大面积塑料闪烁计数器和两个液体闪烁计数器组成的望远镜系统与铅吸收体组成射程谱仪, 并用一个灵敏体积为70×50×30cm³的流光室作为剔除簇射装置, 1981年冬季, 对北京地区海平面宇宙线μ子垂直通量及其积分动量谱进行了测量. 动量测量范围为0.2 GeV/c至1.3 GeV/c μ子的垂直通量为9.2×10^－3sr^－1cm^－2s^－1. 在3.5×10⁴张照片进行了扫描判别, 可得簇射比例约占30%. 文中并对若干修正进行了讨论.     

能量为6×1014~5×1016eV的宇宙线能谱研究

1982年, 作者在悉尼大学对能量为6×10¹⁴~5×10¹⁶eV的高能宇宙线的能谱进行了实验研究. 实验采用了快速、高效率的电子仪器, 并用电子计算机进行控制, 实现了高度自动化. 研究结果表明, 初级宇宙线的积分能谱可表示为I=K.(E/E₀)^－γ, 式中γ的数值在能量E为3×10¹⁵eV附近由1.15±0.04改变为1.19±0.08.     

质心系能量40GeV e+e－反应中, 利用时间扩展室测定τ粒子寿命可达到精度的蒙特卡洛计算

到目前为止, 利用e⁺e^－→τ⁺τ^－反应测量τ粒子寿命的最精确测定值是MARKⅡ实验组报道的(3.20±0.41±0.35)×10^－13秒, 其中第二、三两项分别为统计误差和系统误差. 我们的计算表明, 在与上述实验相同的束流管道壁厚、束流空间分散和积分亮度(40pb^－1)条件下, 利用r-φ平面上位置分辨40μ的时间扩展室作为顶点探测器, 当质心系能量为√s=40GeV时, τ寿命的统计误差可降低到0.13×10^－13秒, 估计系统误差的大小与统计误差相近.     

1015eV附近初级宇宙线能谱指数的测量

本文介绍一个通过测量高能宇宙线初级粒子在广延大气簇射中发射的切伦柯夫光脉冲来确定初级宇宙线能谱的方法和装置. 给出了在能量范围2.9×10¹⁴－4.0×10¹⁵eV内,初级宇宙线积分能谱幂指数γ=1.80±0.11.     

Measurements of 79Se with AMS based on extracting molecular negative ions

A new method for measuring selenium-79 with AMS, which is based on extracting molecular negative ions, is described in this paper. According to the experimental results, the extraction ion form SeO₂^－ could depress the interference of Bromine-79 as much as 5 order levels, that is to say, the background of ⁷⁹Br can be deducted to ⁷⁹Br/Se≈10^－10. By the way, the chemical form of sample and preparation flow was also developed. Finally, three ⁷⁹Se AMS calibration standard samples with theoretical ⁷⁹Se/Se ratios of 5.06×10^－7, 6.87×10^－8, 5.40×10^－10 were obtained and the method of ⁷⁹Se measurement was set up, which actualized transmission and detection of ⁷⁹Se. By using our Bragg curve detector, the two isobars ⁷⁹Br and ⁷⁹Se could be partly identified to a certain extent and ⁷⁹Se can be identified from ⁷⁹Br about 1 order level. AMS measurements of the three calibration standard samples above were performed and good linearity was obtained. The sensitivity of the measurement is (5.16±1.80)×10^－11.     

A study of radiation effects of 9 and 12 MeV protons on Chinese CMOS image sensor degradation

The 9 and 12MeV proton irradiations of the Chinese CMOS Image Sensor in the fluence range from 1×10⁹ to 4×10×10cm^－2 and 1×10⁹ to 2×1012cm^－2 have been carried out respectively. The color pictures and dark output images are captured, and the average brightness of dark output images is calculated. The anti-irradiation fluence thresholds for 9 and 12~MeV protons are about 4×10¹⁰ and 2×10¹² cm^－2, respectively. These can be explained by the change of the concentrations of irradiation-induced electron-hole pairs and vacancies in the various layers of CMOS image sensor calculated by the TRIM simulation program.     

Excess 3H in the volcanic lakes: evidence for natural nuclear fusion

The excess ³H (tritium) have been observed in the volcanic lakes Nemrut (Turkey), Laacher (Germany) and Pavin (France). The ⁴He and ³He concentrations in Lakes Nemrut, Laacher, and Pavin were determined to be 25 and 190, 10 and 50, and 70 and 500 times larger than the atmospheric saturation value respectively. The isotopic ratio of the helium excess, ³He_ex/⁴He_ex, in Lakes Nemrut, Laacher and Pavin was (1.032±0.006)×10^－5, (7.42±0.03)×10^－6 and (9.09±0.01)×10^－6 respectively. The ³He/⁴He ratio of helium isotopes in the lake can help us to identify the origin of gas fluxes from the interior of the Earth. The ³He/⁴He ratios in the Lakes Nemrut, Laacher and Pavin clearly indicate that a large amount of helium isotopes were released to the lakes from mantle source. The excess ³H at the bottom of Lakes Nemrut, Laacher and Pavin have a good correlation with mantle ³He. We consider that the excess ³H might be also released from mantle source and both ³H and ³He might be produced by nuclear fusion (d-d reaction) in an environment rich in H atoms and (U+Th) at high temperature and high pressure condition in deep Earth.     

Measurement of J/ψ decays into ΛΛ π+π-

Based on 58 million J/ψ events collected by the BESⅡ detector at the BEPC, J/ψ→ΛΛ π⁺π^- is observed for the first time. The branching fraction is measured to be Br(J/ψ→ΛΛ π⁺π^-)=(4.30±0.13±0.99)×10^-3, excluding the decays to intermediate states, namely J/ψ→Ξ^-Ξ⁺, J/ψ→Σ(1385)^-Σ(1385)⁺, and J/ψ→Σ(1385)⁺Σ(1385)^-. The branching fractions for these intermediate resonance channels are measured to be:Br(J/ψ→Ξ^-Ξ⁺)=（0.90±0.03±0.18）×10^-3, Br(J/ψ→Σ(1385)^-Σ(1385)⁺)=(1.23±0.07±0.30)×10^-3,and Br(J/ψ→Σ(1385)⁺Σ(1385)^-)=(1.50±0.08±0.38)×10^-3, respectively. The angular distribution is of the form dN/d(cosθ)α(1+αcos²θ) with α=(0.35±0.29±0.06) for J/ψ→Ξ^-Ξ⁺, α=(-0.54±0.22±0.10) for J/ψ→Σ(1385)^-Σ(1385)⁺, and α=(-0.35±0.29±0.06) for J/ψ→Σ(1385)⁺Σ(1385)^-.     

对带电轻子质量公式的一些猜测

本文建议轻子电磁自能通过（（δm）/m）=（1/（2π））n^-b 与量子数 n 联系起来,其中 b 为待定常数.并建议动量截断值 M 与引力常数 k 和精细结构常数α的联系为 M=（?）.得到了带电轻子质量公式（?）.利用 e^-和μ^-质量的实验值和α值作输入,给出计算值 k=（6.67231±0.00026）×10^-8 cm³g^-lsec^-2和m_τ=（1782.306±0.078）MeV,与观察值 k=（6.6720±0.0041）×10^-8cm³ g^-1sec^-2和 m_τ=(1782_-4⁺³)MeV 很好符合.公式预言第四个带电轻子质量应为 m=（11725.47±0.51）MeV 可以在最近的实验中检验。本文还对所建议的质量公式和结果进行了讨论.     

Study of charmonium(-like) states via ISR at Belle

The cross sections for e⁺e－→π⁺π^－J/ψ, π⁺π^－ψ(2S), K⁺K^－J/ψ, DD, D⁰D^－+π⁺+c.c., D^*D+c.c., and D^*D^* are measured using data sample collected on or near the Υ(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at KEKB. A peak near 4.25GeV/c², corresponding to the so called Y(4260), is observed in π⁺π^－J/ψ final state. In addition, there is another cluster of events at around 4.05GeV/c². Two resonant structures are observed in the π⁺π^－ψ(2S) invariant mass distribution, one at 4361±9±9MeV/c² with a width of 74±15±10MeV/c², and another at 4664±11±5MeV/c² with a width of 48±15± 3MeV/c². The rich structures observed in all these final states indicate that our understanding of the vector charmonium states above the open charm threshold is still poor, let alone the other possible dynamics such as charmonium hybrids or final state re-scattering and so on.     

(0－3/2)电磁束缚系统的库仑裂解与衰变

本文利用(0－3/2)电磁束缚系统相对论协变的近似B-S波函数和复合粒子量子场论的微扰展开理论, 分别计算了(π⁺Ω^－)原子的库仑裂解截面与衰变几率. 高能(π⁺Ω^－)原子在原子核屏蔽库仑场中的裂解截面为σ=Z^4/3×2.9×10^－18cm², 衰变几率的计算结果为w[(π⁺Ω^－)→π⁺Λ⁰K^－]/w[Ω^－→Λ⁰K^－]=1+O(α).     

Al、Ti、V、I的快中子激发曲线

在E_n=4.5—18.3 MeV 能区,用活化法测量了²⁷Al（n,α）²⁴Na,⁴⁶Ti（n,p）⁴⁶Sc¹),⁴⁸Ti（n,p）⁴⁸Sc¹),⁵¹V（n,α）⁴⁸Sc 和¹²⁷I（n,2n）¹²⁶I 的激发曲线.在 E_n=14.61±0.20 MeV 处,以伴随粒子法作中子通量测量,得到了²⁷Al（n,α）²⁴Na 反应截面.其他反应以此截面为标准进行绝对测量.产物核放射性用经标定过效率的 NaI（Tl）闪烁谱仪测量.结果分别为117.5±3.0 mb,291.4±14.0 mb,63.7±3.2 mb,16.8±0.9 mb 和1656±68mb.最后对测量结果进行了简单的比较.     

First evidence of ψ(2S)→Ω-Ω+

The decay ψ(2S)→Ω^-Ω⁺ is analyzed using 14×10⁶ ψ(2S) events recorded by the Beijing Spectrometer Ⅱ (BESⅡ) at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider (BEPC). Based upon events with no missing charged tracks and a satisfactory four-constraint kinematic t, we determine the upper limit for the branching fraction of ψ(2S)→Ω^-Ω⁺ to be 1.5×10⁴ at a 90% confidence level. By including events with one missing charged track, we are able to report the first evidence of an Ω⁺ signal with a statistical signi cance of 3.1|σ. The branching fraction of ψ(2S)Ω⁺ is determined to be (4.80±1.56(stat)±1.30(sys))10⁵.     

超高速摄影用高强度铝合金转镜动态特性的研究

转镜型超高速摄影机的信息容量取决于转镜的材料和横截面形状.本文首次对超高速摄影用高强度铝合金转镜从理论和实验两个方面进行了系统研究.研究表明:高强度铝合金是超高速分幅摄影机转镜的理想材料;当铝转镜截面形状为正三角形、镜面尺寸为(17×32.5)mm²时,转速已达(50×10⁴)rpm,镜面尺寸为(33×24)mm²时,转速已达(40×10⁴)rpm.     

高山宇宙线荷电强子流强的负正比

在海拔3220米的实验室里,用磁谱仪动量予选装置和多板云室,对落在0.23m²面积上的单根荷电强子进行了观测.考虑到各种可能的修正以后,得出在10—20 GeV/c之间,荷电强子的负正比为:N^-/N⁺=0.53±0.05.当认为N⁺只包含有P和π⁺,N^-是π^-,而且N_π+/N_π-=1时,推算出N_π-/N_p=0.9±0.1.若π^-积分谱的形式为j（>p）=Kp^-r,估算出在5—20 GeV/c的动量范围,r（?）2.3.本文也对荷电强子的积分流强作了粗略的估计,其结果是:j_⊥^p+π（>12 GeV/c）=（7.4±0.7）×10^-5cm^-2·st^-1·s^-1.     

β-delayed fission of 228Ac

The basic process of an exotic decay mode namely β-delayed fission is simply introduced. The progress status of the study in the world is essentialized. The observation of β-delayed fission of ²²⁸Ac is reported. The radium was radiochemically separated from natural thorium. Thin Ra sources in which ²²⁸Ac was got through ²²⁸Ra →β^－228Ac were prepared for observing fission fragments from β-delayed fission of ²²⁸Ac. They exposed to the mica fission track detectors, and measured by an HPGe γ-ray detector. The β-delayed fission events of ²²⁸Ac were observed and its β-delayed fission probability was found to be (5±2)×10^－12.     

61.8MeV12C在27Al上的深部非弹性碰撞研究

用ΔE-E望远镜技术和飞行时间技术对61.8MeV的¹²C离子轰击²⁷Al靶的反应测量了从⁶Li到¹⁶O的诸同位素能谱. 得到了质心系微分截面等高图及出射碎片角分布. 从而得到轻系统深部非弹性碰撞过程的能量全弛豫值, 并在耗散模型框架中, 通过实验的能量全弛豫值与理论值的比较, 得到了出射道的库仑能、核势能与转动能各自的贡献. 通过理论拟合角分布, 得出双核系统平均相互作用时间在1×10^－21—1.4×10^－22秒之间, 得到了出射碎片分离时的最接近距离的参数值. 通过势能面的计算, 说明了出射产物产额的变化趋势. 并从总产物角分布分解出准弹性截面及深部非弹性截面数值.     

J/ψ衰变中的ΛΛ,ΛΛγ和ΛΛπ0产生

利用北京正负电子对撞机(BEPC)上的北京谱仪(BES)收集的7.8×10⁶个J/ψ事例,测量得到J/ψ→ΛΛ,ΛΛγ和ΛΛπ⁰三个衰变道的分支比分别为Br(J/ψ→ΛΛ)=(l.08±0.06±0.24)×10^－3,Br(J/ψ→ΛΛγ)－4(90% CL),和Br(J/ψ→ΛΛπ⁰)=(2.3±0.7±0.8)×l0^－4; 第一个衰变道的角分布为dN dcosθ=N₀(1+αcos²0),α=0.52±0.33±0.13.     

北京谱仪上J/ψ→γπ0、γη、γη'→3γ衰变道的分支比测量

分析J/ψ衰变终态为三个光子的衰变道,测量得到了衰变道J/ψ→γπ⁰和J/ψ→γη’的分支比分别为Br(J/ψ→γπ⁰)=(4.6±1.1)×10^－5和Br(J/ψ→、η＇)=(4.12±0.82)×10^－3;相对分支比F(J/ψ→γη’)/F(J/ψ→γη)=4.79±0.85,在实验误差范围内与两个理论模型的预言都能一致.     

(0—3/2)电磁束缚系统的B-S方程及其近似解

本文在梯形近似和弱耦合条件下求解了(0—3/2)电磁束缚系统的Bethe-Salpeter方程, 给出了精确到0(α)量级的相对论协变的近似B-S波函数, 进而利用此波函数和复合粒子量子场论的微扰展开理论, 计算了Ω^－+p→(π⁺Ω^－)+n过程中(π⁺Ω^－)原子的最大产生截面. 其结果为σ_max≈4×10^－37cm².