甲基异丁基甲酮萃取-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定氧化锑中的磷

研究了MIBK萃取-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定氧化锑中的磷。在盐酸介质中,磷酸根与钼酸铵形成磷钼物质的量之比为1∶12磷钼杂多酸,用酒石酸钾钠掩蔽锑,以甲基异丁基甲酮为萃取试剂,用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定有机相中磷钼杂多酸中的钼,据此建立了一种间接测定氧化锑中微量磷的新方法。在优化的实验条件下,当磷的含量在0.055~1.00 mg/L范围内时,其吸光度与浓度呈良好的线性关系;方法的检出限为0.011 mg/L;对4个样品进行测定的回收率在97.8%~106.2%之间;相对标准偏差为2.6%~4.2%。用于氧化锑中微量磷的测定,结果满意。     

火焰原子吸收法间接测定钢中硼和磷

提出了溶剂萃取-火焰原子吸收光谱法间接测定钢中硼和磷的分析方法.在弱酸性介质中硼酸、苯羟乙酸、铁(Ⅱ)以及邻二氮菲能形成稳定的多元离子缔合物,被1,2-二氯乙烷萃取后再用去离子水反萃取,然后测定水相化合物中的铁;在盐酸介质中,磷酸根与钼酸铵形成磷钼杂多酸,被甲基异丁基甲酮萃取后,测定有机相磷钼杂多酸中的钼.并可分别间接测定硼和磷.在优化的反应条件下,硼和磷的质量浓度分别在0.12～3.24及0.04～1.00mg/L范周内时,吸光度与质量浓度之间具有良好的线性关系,硼和磷的检出限分别为0.036和0.015mg/L.以8份样品空白进行测定,得硼和磷的标准偏差分别为1.2%和0.5%.方法用于钢样中微量硼和磷的测定,拓展了原子吸收分光光度计的应用范围.     

微波催化显色反应分光光度法测定天然水中的磷

研究了用抗坏血酸作为还原剂磷钼蓝分光光度法测定磷时微波对于显色反应的催化作用和测定的适宜条件。试验表明:微波(高档,800W)可以使显色反应在3min内快速完成并稳定48h。线性范围:0~1.0mg/L,ε700nm=1.7×104L.mol-1.cm-1。对天然水样进行7次平行测定,其结果的RSD≤2.5%,回收率在98.6%~103%之间。与国家标准方法比较,无显著性差异。     

多谱拟合(MSF)电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定钼精矿中磷

受钼精矿基体中铜、钼元素的干扰,ICP-OES法无法直接用于磷(213.617nm)的检测。本文考察了钼和铜谱线对磷(213.617nm)测定的影响,应用ICP-OES 多谱拟合(MSF)法消除铜(213.599nm)、钼(213.606nm)的光谱干扰,建立了适合钼精矿中磷的检测方法。对方法的准确度和精密度进行试验,钼精矿中磷的加标回收率为96.2%~103.7%,RSD为2.60%~6.02%。试验证明,本方法是一种较为理想的分析方法,适合钼精矿中磷的测量范围为0.0010%~1%。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定钨钢中硅、锰、磷、铬、镍、铜、钼、钒和钨

采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定钨钢中硅、锰、磷、铬、镍、铜、钼、钒和钨的含量。试样用盐酸、柠檬酸铵、硝酸溶解。基体效应采用基体匹配法消除。硅、锰、磷、铬、镍、铜、钼、钒、钨的分析谱线依次为288.158,257.610,177.495,267.716,213.604,327.396,204.598,310.230,239.709nm。9种元素的质量分数在一定的范围内与其发射强度呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3s)在0.000 3%~0.004 8%之间。方法用于两种标准物质的测定,测定结果与认定值相符,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在0.74%~2.1%之间。方法的回收率在95.0%~107%之间。     

多谱拟合(MSF)-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-OES)测定钼精矿中的磷

受钼精矿基体中铜、钼元素的干扰,电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-OES)无法直接用于磷(213.617nm)的检测。考察了钼和铜谱线对磷(213.617nm)测定的影响,应用ICP-OES多谱拟合(MSF)法消除铜(213.599nm)、钼(213.606nm)的光谱干扰,建立了适合钼精矿中磷的检测方法。对方法的准确度和精密度进行实验,钼精矿中磷的加标回收率为96.2%~103.7%,RSD为2.6%~6.0%。实验证明,多谱拟合(MSF)电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定钼精矿中磷的方法是一种较为理想的分析方法,适合钼精矿中磷的测量范围为0.0010%~1%。     

搅拌棒吸附萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱法测定微山湖水中的有机磷农药残留

采用搅拌棒吸附萃取结合液相色谱-串联质谱法测定微山湖水中的马拉硫磷、三唑磷、喹硫磷、伏杀硫磷等4种有机磷农药残留。对影响有机磷农药残留吸附萃取效率的萃取涂层、样品溶液的酸度、振荡速率、萃取时间、溶液的离子强度、解吸液、解吸时间和解吸模式等因素进行了优化,确定了最佳吸附萃取条件。样品经搅拌棒萃取、解吸后,采用ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C_(18)色谱柱分离。在多反应监测模式下检测,外标法定量。4种有机磷农药的质量浓度在一定范围内与峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)在0.16~0.73μg·kg~(-1)之间。加标回收率在72.3%~107%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在7.8%~11%之间。     

光度法连续测定钼中微量磷砷

本文研究了钼(包括三氧化钼、钼酸铵)中微量磷、砷光度法的连续测定。在0.6—1.2mol/L及1.0—1.6 mol/L硝酸中,磷、砷分别与钼酸氨生成磷、砷钼酸,再分别用磷、砷萃取剂萃取,还原为磷、砷钼蓝并反革取于水相进行光度测定。方法操作简便,灵敏度高,磷ε_(780)=1.54×10~4,砷ε_(780)=2.24×10~4。测定范围1—100ppm,相对偏差为7.9—26%。     

液液萃取高效液相色谱法测定水中灭多威肟和灭多威

建立了用乙腈萃取高效液相色谱测定水中灭多威和灭多威肟的分析方法。采用25 m L乙腈萃取10 m L水样,优化了乙腈萃取时乙腈与水样体积比、Na Cl用量和浓缩方式等萃取条件,经氮吹浓缩至1 m L,灭多威肟和灭多威的检出限分别为1.4和1.2μg/L,两种物质分别在水样中加标质量浓度为0.0100,0.100和1.00 mg/L,灭多威肟的回收率在78.5%~83.0%,RSD在3.3%~6.6%之间,灭多威的回收率在70.8%~84.0%,RSD在4.3%~8.0%之间。     

高效液相色谱法测定灭蟑膏中氯蜱硫磷

建立了灭蟑膏中1%氯蜱硫磷的超声萃取前处理方法和高效液相色谱分析方法。考查了萃取温度和萃取时间对萃取量的影响。采用μBondapak C18(150 mm×3.9 mm,5μm)色谱柱;以乙腈、水、冰乙酸的体积比为82∶17.5∶0.5为流动相;流速1.0 mL.min-1;检测波长280 nm。相对标准偏差为1.8%,回收率在97%~105%之间。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

解决能源问题的新途径——光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。     

黄酮化合物的合成研究进展

黄酮化合物是一类具有多种生物活性的天然产物,其经典的合成方法主要为查耳酮路线和β-丙二酮路线.近年来出现了许多新技术、新方法.本文介绍了2'-羟基查尔酮的氧化关环法、黄烷酮氧化法、改进的Baker-Venkataraman法及其他合成黄酮化合物的方法.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

NiY分子筛表面酸性影响其选择性吸附脱硫性能的机理研究

采用原位红外光谱技术,以噻吩、环己烯和苯为模型探针分子,分别考察单一烃分子在NiY分子筛上的吸附与反应行为以及噻吩与烯烃、芳烃间的竞争吸附和催化反应行为。单一探针分子吸附研究发现,NiY分子筛中与Ni物种相关的Lewis(L)酸位是噻吩的选择性吸附活性位;噻吩和环己烯在NiY分子筛中Brnsted(B)酸位上发生的质子化和低聚反应明显弱于HY分子筛。双探针分子竞争吸附研究发现,环己烯二聚体在NiY中强B酸位上的强化学吸附与噻吩存在显著的竞争吸附行为。另外,苯和噻吩在NiY上的竞争吸附现象在373K时明显减弱。由此,在选择性吸附脱硫过程中,减少吸附剂表面B酸中心可降低烯烃对噻吩的竞争吸附,另外适当提高吸附体系的温度可以有效避免芳烃对噻吩的竞争吸附。     

化学单元教学设计的探索

论述了单元教学是落实化学新课程三维目标的基本教学过程,同时对教学单元的含义、教学单元的选择与建构、化学单元教学设计及其意义进行了阐述。