Precision Mass Measurements of Short-lived Nuclides at the Heavy-ion Storage Ring in Lanzhou

Recent commissioning of the Cooler Storage Ring at the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou enabled us to conduct high-precision mass measurements at the Institute of Modern Physics in Lanzhou (IMP). In the past few years, mass measurements were performed using the CSRe-based isochronous mass spectrometry employing the fragmentation of the energetic beams of 58Ni, 78Kr, 86Kr, and 112Sn projectiles. Masses of short-lived nuclides on both sides of the stability valley were addressed. Relative mass precision of down to 10−6 ~ 10−7 is routinely achieved. The mass values were used as an input for dedicated nuclear structure and astrophysics studies, providing for instance new insights into the rp-process of nucleosynthesis in X-ray bursts. In this contribution, we briefly review the so far conducted experiments and the main achieved results, as well as outline the plans for future experiments.     

Revealing pion and kaon structure via generalised parton distributions

Clear windows onto emergent hadron mass(EHM)and modulations thereof by Higgs boson interactions are provided by observable measures of pion and kaon structure,many of which are accessible via generalised parton distributions(GPDs).Beginning with algebraic GPD Ans?tze,constrained entirely by hadron-scaleπand K valence-parton distribution functions(DFs),in whose forms both EHM and Higgs boson influences are manifest,numerous illustrations are provided.They include the properties of electromagnetic form factors,impact parameter space GPDs,gravitational form factors and associated pressure profiles,and the character and consequences of allorders evolution.The analyses predict that mass-squared gravitational form factors are stiffer than electromagnetic form factors;reveal that K pressure profiles are tighter than profiles,with both mesons sustaining near-core pressures at magnitudes similar to that expected at the core of neutron stars;deliver parameter-free predictions for and K valence,glue,and sea GPDs at the resolving scale l=2GeV;and predict that at this scale the fraction of meson mass-squared carried by glue and sea combined matches that lodged with the valence degrees-of-freedom,with a similar statement holding for mass-squared radii.     

Phase relations in the ZnO-V2O5-K2O system

The subsolidus phase relations of a ZnO-V 2 O 5-K 2 O system are investigated by X-ray powder diffraction.There is 1 ternary compound,11 binary compounds and 14 three-phase regions in this system.The phase diagrams of V 2 O 5 K 2 O with the K 2 O content ranging from 0 to 71 mol% and pseudo-binary system of ZnO-K 2 ZnV 2 O 7 are also studied by X-ray powder diffraction and differential thermal analysis methods.     

Lax pair and vector semi-rational nonautonomous rogue waves for a coupled time-dependent coefficient fourth-order nonlinear Schrodinger system in an inhomogeneous optical fiber

Optical fibers are seen in the optical sensing and optical fiber communication. Simultaneous propagation of optical pulses in an inhomogeneous optical fiber is described by a coupled time-dependent coefficient fourth-order nonlinear Schr?dinger system, which is discussed in this paper. For such a system, we work out the Lax pair, Darboux transformation, and corresponding vector semi-rational nonautonomous rogue wave solutions. When the group velocity dispersion(GVD) and fourth-order dispersion(FOD) coefficients are the constants, we exhibit the first-and second-order vector semirational rogue waves which are composed of the four-petalled rogue waves and eye-shaped breathers. Both the width of the rogue wave along the time axis and temporal separation between the adjacent peaks of the breather decrease with the GVD coefficient or FOD coefficient. With the GVD and FOD coefficients as the linear, cosine, and exponential functions, we respectively present the first-and second-order periodic vector semi-rational rogue waves, first-and second-order asymmetry vector semi-rational rogue waves, and interactions between the eye-shaped breathers and the composite rogue waves.     

Gravitational collapse with standard and dark energy in the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity

A perfect fluid with self-similarity of the second kind is studied within the framework of the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity(TEGR).A spacetime which is not asymptotically flat is derived.The energy conditions of this spacetime are studied.It is shown that after some time the strong energy condition is not enough to satisfy showing a transition from standard matter to dark energy.The singularities of this solution are discussed.     

Breakdown voltage model and structure realization of a thin silicon layer with linear variable doping on a silicon on insulator high voltage device with multiple step field plates

Based on the theoretical and experimental investigation of a thin silicon layer(TSL) with linear variable doping(LVD) and further research on the TSL LVD with a multiple step field plate(MSFP),a breakdown voltage(BV) model is proposed and experimentally verified in this paper.With the two-dimensional Poisson equation of the silicon on insulator(SOI) device,the lateral electric field in drift region of the thin silicon layer is assumed to be constant.For the SOI device with LVD in the thin silicon layer,the dependence of the BV on impurity concentration under the drain is investigated by an enhanced dielectric layer field(ENDIF),from which the reduced surface field(RESURF) condition is deduced.The drain in the centre of the device has a good self-isolation effect,but the problem of the high voltage interconnection(HVI) line will become serious.The two step field plates including the source field plate and gate field plate can be adopted to shield the HVI adverse effect on the device.Based on this model,the TSL LVD SOI n-channel lateral double-diffused MOSFET(nLDMOS) with MSFP is realized.The experimental breakdown voltage(BV) and specific on-resistance(R on,sp) of the TSL LVD SOI device are 694 V and 21.3 ·mm 2 with a drift region length of 60 μm,buried oxide layer of 3 μm,and silicon layer of 0.15 μm,respectively.     

由58Fe 和209Bi 熔合后的相关衰变过程得到的109号元素的证据

本文报导了合成109号元素的实验。用能量为4.95,5.05和5.15MeV/u 的~(58)Fe 束轰击~(209)Bi 靶,研究了全熔合产物衰变模式的特性。总辐照剂量为7×10~(17)粒子。所用的实验方法是:用静电场速度过滤器在飞行过程中分离向前方向成峰的反应产物,经过飞行时间装置后注入到位置灵敏固态探测器中,测量其动能,估算出质量、入射的时间和位置。以所有的出射粒子的能量和时间来记录很有限的反应产物发生级联α粒子和(或)自发裂变的继发衰变。在5.15 MeV/u 时的一个特别的衰变过程是:在5ms 和22ms 先分别发射两个α粒子,最后,在13s 后发生自发裂变。第一个α粒子的动能为11.10±0.04MeV。对各种可能的解释进行了详细的分析,例如纯属偶然的信号相关,转移反应产物的衰变和从能量上看允许的余核蒸发等。最后表明质量数为266的109号元素的同位素、即全熔合后的单中子蒸发道、从统计的观点看是最好的指定。本文同时也讨论了合成新元素的前景。     

A new complex variable element-free Galerkin method for two-dimensional potential problems

In this paper, based on the element-free Galerkin (EFG) method and the improved complex variable moving least- square (ICVMLS) approximation, a new meshless method, which is the improved complex variable element-free Galerkin (ICVEFG) method for two-dimensional potential problems, is presented. In the method, the integral weak form of control equations is employed, and the Lagrange multiplier is used to apply the essential boundary conditions. Then the corresponding formulas of the ICVEFG method for two-dimensional potential problems are obtained. Compared with the complex variable moving least-square (CVMLS) approximation proposed by Cheng, the functional in the ICVMLS approximation has an explicit physical meaning. Furthermore, the ICVEFG method has greater computational precision and efficiency. Three numerical examples are given to show the validity of the proposed method.     

Phase properties of odd and even circular states

Phase properties of the even and odd circular states are studied within the Hermitian phase formalism of Pegg and Barnett. Exact analytical formulas for the distribution function and the variance of the phase operator are obtained and used to examine whether or not the even and odd circular states exhibit photon-number squeezing and phase squeezing.     

Nanofabrication of 50 nm zone plates through e-beam lithography with local proximity effect correction for x-ray imaging

High resolution Fresnel zone plates for nanoscale three-dimensional imaging of materials by both soft and hard x-rays are increasingly needed by the broad applications in nanoscience and nanotechnology.When the outmost zone-width is shrinking down to 50 nm or even below,patterning the zone plates with high aspect ratio by electron beam lithography still remains a challenge because of the proximity effect.The uneven charge distribution in the exposed resist is still frequently observed even after standard proximity effect correction(PEC),because of the large variety in the line width.This work develops a new strategy,nicknamed as local proximity effect correction(LPEC),efficiently modifying the deposited energy over the whole zone plate on the top of proximity effect correction.By this way,50 nm zone plates with the aspect ratio from 4:1 up to 15:1 and the duty cycle close to 0.5 have been fabricated.Their imaging capability in soft(1.3 keV)and hard(9 keV)x-ray,respectively,has been demonstrated in Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)with the resolution of 50 nm.The local proximity effect correction developed in this work should also be generally significant for the generation of zone plates with high resolutions beyond 50 nm.     

增光子二模纠缠相干态的纠缠特性及其通过腔量子电动力学的制备

分析了增光子二模纠缠相干态的纠缠特性,得到共生纠缠度的解析表示式.结果表明:增光子二模纠缠相干态的共生纠缠度与叠加态的相位有非常灵敏的关系.提出了一种制备增光子相干态和增光子二模纠缠相干态的方法,其制备过程为首先把增光子相干态转化为相干态与真空态一种特殊的叠加态(叠加系数与相干态振幅有关),再通过位于高Q腔内的原子与经典激光场的相互作用,从而实现增光子相干态的制备.通过一个飞行原子先后与两个光腔中光场相互作用可以实现增光子二模纠缠相干态的制备.     

增光子二模纠缠相干态的纠缠特性及其通过腔量子电动力学的制备

分析了增光子二模纠缠相干态的纠缠特性,得到共生纠缠度的解析表示式.结果表明:增光子二模纠缠相干态的共生纠缠度与叠加态的相位有非常灵敏的关系.提出了一种制备增光子相干态和增光子二模纠缠相干态的方法,其制备过程为首先把增光子相干态转化为相干态与真空态一种特殊的叠加态(叠加系数与相干态振幅有关),再通过位于高Q腔内的原子与经典激光场的相互作用,从而实现增光子相干态的制备.通过一个飞行原子先后与两个光腔中光场相互作用可以实现增光子二模纠缠相干态的制备.     

Properties and generation of photon-added two-mode entanglement states associated with inverse boson operators

We have investigated the two-mode anticorrelated effect of superposition state of photon-added two-mode coherent states associated with inverse boson operators and proposed a new method for preparation of photon-added two-mode coherent states of this kind and their superposition states. This method is based on interaction of the trapped ion with the light fields.     

增光子奇偶相干态的相位特性

借助于Pegg-Barnett相位算符理论和数值计算方法,研究了增光子奇偶相干态的相位概率分布,在此基础之上,讨论了有关数算符和相位算符的压缩特性。结果表明,增光子奇偶相干态的相位概率分布与通常的奇偶相干态、非线性相干态不同,在这种新的奇偶相干态中,其Pegg-Barnett相位概率分布能明显地反映出不同的量子相位信息和干涉特性。同时发现,在参量α的某些不同的取值范围内,增光子奇偶相干态在数算符和相位算符分量上均存在压缩效应。     

增、减光子奇偶相干态的Wigner函数

利用Fock态表象下的Wigner函数定义，重构了增、减光子奇偶相干态的Wigner函数，并据此 讨论了它们的非经典性质.结果表明：增光子奇偶相干态总呈现出非经典特征，而减光子奇 偶相干态分别仅在k为偶数和奇数时呈现出非经典特征. 关键词： 奇偶相干态 玻色算符的逆算符 Wigner函数     

Quantum statistical properties of photon-added spin coherent states

The photon-added spin coherent state as a new kind of coherent state has been defined by iterated actions of the proper raising operator on the ordinary spin coherent state. In this paper, the quantum statistical properties of photon-added spin coherent states such as photon number distribution, second-order correlation function and Wigner function are studied. It is found that the Wigner function shows the negativity in some regions and the second-order correlation function is less than unity. Therefore, the photon-added spin coherent state is a nonclassical state.     

Non-classical Properties of State Generated by the Superposition of Photon-Added Even/Odd Coherent States

Non-classical state, which is a production of the superposition of photon-added even/odd coherent states (SPAEOCS), is introduced. We discussed the mathematical and physical character of such state. It is found that the normalization constant of SPAEOCS is a laguerre polynomial. The quasi-probability distributions and the distribution of the quadrature are studied. We find the negative values of the Wigner function of the SPAEOCS, which shows the SPAEOCS is a non-Gaussian state.     

Dynamical entanglement for Fermi coupled stretching and bending modes

The dynamical entanglement for Fermi coupled C--H stretch and bend vibrations in molecule CHD₃ is studied in terms of two negativities and the reduced von Neumann entropy, where initial states are taken to be direct products of photon-added coherent states on each mode. It is demonstrated that the negativity defined by the sum of negative eigenvalues of the partial transpose of density matrices is positively correlated with the von Neumann entropy. The entanglement difference between photon-added coherent states and usual coherent states is discussed as well.     

Generalized photon-added coherent state and its quantum statistical properties

In this paper, we propose a class of the generalized photon-added coherent states (GPACSs) obtained by repeatedly operating the combination of Bosonic creation and annihilation operatoes on the coherent state. The normalization factor of GPACS is related to Hermite polynomial. We also derive the explicit expressions of its statistical properties such as photocount distribution, Wigner function and tomogram and investigate their behaviour as the photon-added number varies graphically. It is found that GPACS is a kind of nonclassical state since Wigner function exhibits the negativity by increasing the photon-added number.     

Effects of photon addition on the quantum nonlocality of squeezed entangled-coherent states

Effects of photon addition on the quantum nonlocality of squeezed entangled coherent states for Bell-inequality tests are studied theoretically. By utilizing the method of photon-parity measurement, it is found that photon addition can always increase the degrees of Bell violations within a certain parameter range. A possible scheme for generating photon-added squeezed entangled coherent states is proposed.