甲醇含成Cu-Mn/SiO_2催化剂的研究

对浸渍法制备的Cu－Mn／SiO2催化剂进行了甲醇合成的活性评价，同时用XPS、Auser、N2O分解，TPR等技术对催化剂进行了表征．结果表明，在双组份催化剂中，工作态催化剂表面主要存在Cu（O）．催化反应可能通过Cu…O－Mn氧桥的长程诱导交换作用，使Cu带部分正电荷，这有利于CO与H2的吸附和活化，从而提高甲醇合成的收率．     

Mn-CaO催化剂上甲烷-二氧化碳共活化制C2烃研究Ⅱ.催化剂表征及反应机理研究

在Mn-CaO催化剂开展了一系列的表征，包括XRD，XPS，CO2-TPD．结合催化剂评价、表征结果，对催化反应机理进行了推测，指出Mn组分与催化剂的活性相关联而Ca组分的主要作用是提供吸附型的CP2（a）^＊，反应过程中形成的Mn^3＋／Mn^2＋离子对在CO2和CH4的活化过程中扮演了重要角色．     

CuO/Mn2O3 /γ-Al2O3催化剂的制备、表征及其在CO氧化反应中的性能研究

采用浸渍法在γ-Al2O3载体上分步负载改性剂Mn2O3和活性组分CuO,制备了一系列不同配比的CuO/Mn2O3/γ-Al2O3催化剂,并运用CO+O2模型反应、XRF、XRD、H2-TPR、in-situ FTIR等手段表征了催化剂的活性和物理化学性质。活性测试结果表明,锰氧化物对γ-Al2O3载体的改性能有效地提高CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂在CO+O2模型反应中的催化活性。XRD结果表明,锰氧化物对γ-Al2O3载体的改性可以促进氧化铜在载体表面的分散,从而提高了分散态氧化铜的含量,不过这与活性变化的趋势并不完全一致。进一步结合H2-TPR、in-situ FTIR表征结果 ,我们发现,分散态铜、锰氧化物的还原性质也是影响其催化活性的重要因素,催化剂中分散态铜、锰物种越容易被还原,其对CO+O2模型反应的催化活性就越高。     

Rh-Mn-Li/SiO2催化剂的吸附量热和红外研究

通过在最优Rh含量基础上对金属配比的再优化,成功地改进了Rh-Mn-Li/SiO2催化剂的CO加氢性能;并采用微量吸附量热和红外等表征手段,考察了助剂Mn和Li促进作用的本质.结果表明:助剂Mn和Li的添加,使孪式和线式吸附CO的碳氧键强度增加,并同时削弱了桥式吸附CO的碳氧键或者使其转化为更易于解离的倾斜式CO吸附物种,从而同时增加了Rh基催化剂的CO解离和插入能力,提高了其活性和C2含氧化合物选择性.另一方面,Mn和Li的添加显著地降低了Rh基催化剂表面H的数量和稳定性.催化剂加氢能力显著降低极大地抑制了CH4的生成,从而有利于C2含氧化合物选择性的进一步提高.     

Mn助剂加入方式对铁基催化剂F-T合成性能的影响

采用连续共沉淀与喷雾干燥成型技术相结合的方法制备了系列微球状Fe/Mn/K催化剂,结合H2 DTG、CO TPR、Mossbauer谱等表征手段,研究了Mn助剂的加入方式对铁基催化剂物相结构、还原和碳化行为以及F-T合成性能的影响。催化剂在浆态床反应器中以接近F-T合成实际工况条件 (250℃、1.5MPa、H2/CO=0.67和2.0L /(gcat·h)) 进行评价。结果表明,以共沉淀方式加入Mn助剂具有较强的Fe Mn相互作用,从而抑制了催化剂的还原和碳化,降低了催化剂的活性,提高了催化剂的稳定性。而以部分共沉淀和黏结剂方式加入Mn助剂促进了催化剂的还原和碳化,提高了反应活性加速了催化剂的失活。与共沉淀Mn相比,部分共沉淀和黏结剂Mn提高了重质烃和烯烃的选择性,同时抑制了有机含氧化合物的生成。     

Na-W-Mn/SiO2催化剂晶格氧的扩散行为

制备了不同组分Na、 W、 Mn/SiO2催化剂, 在ITD(Ion Trap Detector)装置上进行了催化剂表面CO恒温脉冲反应(CO-CTPR). 研究结果表明, 单组分Na、 W、 Mn/SiO2催化剂体相晶格氧向表面扩散的速度顺序为Mn/SiO2>Na/SiO2>W/SiO2; 与CO反应的表面晶格氧数量的顺序为Mn/SiO2>Na/SiO2≈W/SiO2. 多组分Na、 W、 Mn/SiO2催化剂体相晶格氧向表面扩散的速度顺序为Na-W/SiO2>Na-Mn/SiO2>W-Mn/SiO2>Na-W-Mn /SiO2, 且Na与W、 Mn的结合对体相晶格氧向表面的扩散有促进作用; 与CO反应的表面晶格氧数量的顺序为Na-W-Mn/SiO2>Na-Mn/SiO2 >W-Mn/SiO2>Na-W/SiO2.     

催化合成气合成乙醇的铑基催化剂中助剂锰的作用本质研究

催化剂活性测试表明,助剂Mn显著提高了铑的催化活性.通过考察H_3/D_2同位素效应发现在Mn促进的及非促进的铑催化剂上进行的合成气反应中,乙醇生成反应均表现出显著的氘位素效应.结合CO化学吸附、XRD.CO吸附IR、XPS、EPR等物化表征手段对催化剂的表征结果,讨论了助剂Mn的作用本质.提出助剂Mn~(2+)通过与反应中间体甲酰基氧端的亲合作用.促进了CO加氢生成甲酰基的反应及其随后的氢解生成卡宾物种的反应,从而显著提高铑催化活性的观点.     

Mn-Fe/Al2O3催化剂的低温脱硝性能研究

以Al_2O_3为载体,Fe、Mn为活性组分,采用浸渍法制备了Mn-Fe/Al_2O_3催化剂,研究了Mn-Fe/Al_2O_3催化剂的低温脱硝性能.实验结果表明,Fe负载量为7%时,7Fe/Al_2O_3催化剂显示出较佳的低温脱硝性能;添加Mn能明显改变7Fe/Al_2O_3催化剂低温脱硝性能,其中当Mn/Fe质量比为11∶7时,11Mn7Fe/Al_2O_3催化剂获得最佳低温脱硝效率.对催化剂的表征结果表明,比表面积和孔径的大小不是决定催化剂性能高低的主要因素;Mn O2和Fe2O3在x Mn7Fe/Al_2O_3催化剂中具有较强的相互作用,影响活性组分微观晶体结构,改善活性组分分散程度,从而提高了催化剂的低温脱硝性能;Fe的添加使催化剂表面酸性位点数目增加,从而提高7Fe/Al_2O_3催化剂的低温脱硝效率.添加Mn不仅增多了11Mn7Fe/Al_2O_3催化剂表面酸性位点数目增加,而且使催化剂表面出现新的中强性酸位点,使其低温脱硝效率进一步提高;经过详细分析,结果表明表面吸附氧Oβ、Mn4+和Fe3+的含量较高是11Mn7Fe/Al_2O_3催化剂脱硝活性较高的主要原因.     

双金属镍-锰／γ-Al2O3催化剂对甲烷二氧化碳重整反应的影响

用浸渍法制备γ-Al2O3负载的Ni-Mn双金属催化剂．在500-700。C按照17：17：2的C02／CHa／N2比例,以36mL／min的载气流速进行甲烷二氧化碳重整反应,利用甲烷二氧化碳的转化率、生成的合成气H2／CO比例以及长期稳定性等指标评价了催化剂的催化性能．实验表明,添加Mn提高催化性能并使双金属催化剂的稳定性更高,比单金属催化剂更好地抑制焦炭生成,Mn最合适的添加量为0．5wt％．通过BET、C02-TPD、TGA、XRD、SEM、EDX和FTIR各种技术对催化剂进行了表征．     

CuMnCeLa-O/γ-Al2O3催化剂助燃脱硝性能研究

采用等体积浸渍法制备了Cu Mn-O/γ-Al_2O_3、Cu Mn Ce-O/γ-Al_2O_3和Cu Mn Ce La-O/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂.用XRD、BET、SEM、XPS和H_2-TPR技术对其物相和表面性质进行了表征.在连续固定床微反装置上评价了催化剂的CO+O_2和CO+NO反应性能.结果表明,催化剂样品中观测不到Cu O、Mn O_x、Ce O_2和La_2O_3的XRD晶相峰,活性组分在γ-Al_2O_3载体表面呈高度分散状态.Ce、La的引入对催化剂的比表面积、孔容和孔径分布影响不大.SEM谱图中未观测到活性组分的形貌,金属氧化物在载体表面均匀分布.Ce~(3+)!Ce~(4+)之间的可变价转换,引起Cu Mn Ce-O/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂表相Cu O中具有非完整结构的[Cu~(2+)_(1-x)Cu_x~+][O_(1-2)1_x□1_(2x)]增多,Cu~+/Cu~(2+)比例增大,表相氧空位增多,H_2-TPR还原峰温度向低温区偏移.Ce~(4+)、La~(3+)之间不平衡电荷以及共生过程中Cu-Mn-Ce-La-O之间的强相互作用,加大了Cu O和Mn O_x结构的不完整性,导致Cu Mn Ce La-O/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂样品表相产生更多的Cu~+、Mn~(2+)、Mn~(3+)和氧空位,相应的H_2-TPR还原峰温度进一步向低温区偏移.催化氧化CO和CO催化还原NO实验结果表明,在反应空速20 000 h~(-1),350℃反应温度下,Cu Mn Ce La-O/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂CO催化还原NO反应的CO转化率达到88.2%,NO转化率达到了96.1%,表现出了较好的氧化还原活性.     

Mn-CaO催化剂上甲烷-二氧化碳共活化制C2烃研究Ⅰ.反应性能的研究

考察了不同组成Mn-Ca0催化剂上甲烷一二氧化碳转化制C2烃反应性能，同时考察了反应温度，CO2分压对反应性能的影响及催化反应性能随时间的变化。     

Suppressed formation of CO2 and H2O in the oxidative coupling of methane over La2O3/MgO catalyst by surface modification

Oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) is a promising way to convert methane into C_2 hydrocarbons. However, CO_2 and H_2O are by-products of the reaction. To utilize the higher activity of lanthanum oxide and save its usage, MgO supported La_2O_3 catalyst was prepared. Surface modification of the catalyst with nitric acid was made to suppress the formation of the by-products. Experimental results indicated that the addition of nitric acid increased the surface oxygen species with binding energy of ca. 531.7 eV and at the same time reduced the pore volume of the catalyst. These effects of nitric acid finally led to the increase of C_2 selectivity and the decrease of the by-products formation. Hydrogen selectivity was found about 14%- 18% over the catalysts adopted in this work.     

CeO2-W-Mn/SiO2催化剂上甲烷氧化偶联反应性能的研究

报道了CeO_2-W-Mn/SiO_2催化剂常压和加压条件下的甲烷氧化偶联反应性能, 详细考察了反应条件对CeO_2-W-Mn/SiO_2催化剂反应性能的影响. 结果表明, CeO_2-W-Mn/SiO_2催化剂具有优异的催化活性, 常压下可得到29.7%的甲烷转化率和81.3%的C_2烃选择性, 低温活性高, 于710 ℃可得到甲烷转化率11.4%和C_2烃选择性86.7%的结果;该催化剂适宜于加压条件下的甲烷氧化偶联反应, 0.6 MPa下可获得37.2%的甲烷转化率和73.8%的C_2烃选择性. 催化剂表征结果显示CeO_2的加入增强了W-Mn/SiO_2催化剂的储氧能力.     

Effects of Ce/Zr ratio on the structure and performances of Co-Ce_(1-x)Zx_xO_2 catalysts for carbon dioxide reforming of methane

The Co-incorporated Ce_(1-x)Zr_xO_2 catalysts were prepared by co-precipitation for carbon dioxide reforming of methane. The ratio of Ce to Zr was varied to optimize the performances of co-precipitated Co-Ce-Zr-O_x catalysts. The prepared catalysts were characterized by various physico-chemical characterization techniques including TPR, X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption at low temperature, XPS and CO_2-TPSR. The co-precipitated Co-Ce_(0.8)Zr_(0.2)O_2 sample containing 16% CoO exhibited a higher catalytic activity among the five catalysts, and the activity was maintained without significant loss during the reaction for 60 h. Under the conditions of 750 ℃, 0.1 MPa, 36000 ml/(h·g_(cat)), and CO_2/CH_4 molar ratio of 1 : 1, the CO_2 conversion over this catalyst was 75% while the CH_4 conversion was 67%. The cubic Ce_(0.8)Zr_(0.2)O_2 facilitated a higher dispersion and a higher reducibility of the cobalt component, and the apparent activation energy for Co-Ce_(0.8)Zr_(0.2)O_2 sample was 49.1 kJ/mol in the CO_2/CH_4 reforming reaction. As a result, the Co-Ce_(0.8)Zr_(0.2)O_2 sample exhibited a higher activity and stability for the reforming of CH_4 with CO_2.     

改善Rh基催化剂上CO加氢生成C2含氧化物性能的本质及途径

 从CO加氢反应的热力学出发,分析了C2含氧化合物生成反应的途径和机理,阐述了改善Rh基催化剂上生成C2含氧化合物性能的本质以及实现的途径. 结果显示,相对于CO加氢生成烃类的反应,乙醇、乙醛和乙酸等C2含氧化合物的生成在热力学上是极为不利的; 最重要、最有效的提高C2含氧化合物生成活性的手段是开发具有高选择性的催化剂. 通过对浸渍方法和还原条件的选择,适当地抑制了Rh-Mn-Li-Fe/SiO2催化剂加氢活性,最终改善了催化剂的加氢性能,使得甲烷选择性降至6.3%, 而生成C2含氧化合物的选择性达到91.6%, 且保持有较高的时空收率.     

担载型铁金属簇催化剂催化CO2加氢制低碳烯烃的研究

担载型铁金属簇催化剂催化ＣＯ_２加氢制低碳烯烃的研究黄友梅，翁善至，孟宪波，张传安（中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所，兰州７３００００）关键词低碳烯烃，ＣＯ_２加氢，担载型铁金属簇催化剂近年来，储量极丰富而又极便宜的二氧化碳重新引起世界各国科学家的兴趣，我...     

Electrodeposited Sn-based Catalysts for CO2 Electroreduction

Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction(CO2RR) has been considered as a feasible avenue for simultaneous conversion of renewable energy and CO2. Economic and technical analysis suggests that the production of valuable C1 chemicals such as formic acid and CO is the most economically practicable route for CO2RR. This perspective summarizes the performance of electrodeposited Sn-based catalysts for C1 chemicals production and the relative mechanism of CO2RR. Further fundamental understanding and industrial applications of electrodeposited Sn-based catalysts in CO2 electrolyzer device are also discussed.     

Mn2+在铝酸盐中的发光

用金属硝酸盐、稀土氧化物和乙酸锰为原料,用燃烧法合成了Ce³⁺、Tb³⁺、Mn²⁺共激活的铝酸盐绿色荧光粉,在Ce³⁺和Tb³⁺共激活的铝酸盐体系中掺入Mn²⁺后,发射峰中出现锰的特征峰.通过对其结构的分析,对Mn²⁺发光和最佳掺杂量给出了合理的解释.同时研究了不同碱金属和碱土金属离子代替Mg²⁺时,对Mn²⁺发光的影响.     

The thermodynamics analysis and experimental validation for complicated systems in CO_2 hydrogenation process

Catalytic conversion of CO_2 into chemicals and fuels is an alternative to alleviate climate change and ocean acidification.The catalytic reduction of CO_2 by H_2 can lead to the formation of various products:carbon monoxide,carboxylic acids,aldehydes,alcohols and hydrocarbons.In this paper,a comprehensive thermodynamics analysis of CO_2 hydrogenation is conducted using the Gibbs free energy minimization method.The results show that CO_2 reduction to CO needs a high temperature and H_2/CO_2 ratio to achieve a high CO_2 conversion.However,synthesis of methanol from CO_2 needs a relatively high pressure and low temperature to minimize the reverse water-gas shift reaction.Direct CO_2 hydrogenation to formic acid or formaldehyde is thermodynamically limited.On the contrary,production of CH_4 from CO_2 hydrogenation is the thermodynamically easiest reaction with nearly 100%CH4 yield at moderate conditions.In addition,complex reactions with more than one product are also calculated in this work.Among the considered carboxylic acids(HCOOH,CH_3COOH and C_2H_5COOH),propionic acid dominates in the product stream(selectivity above 90%).The same trend can also be found in the hydrogenation of CO_2 to aldehydes and alcohols with the major product of propionaldehyde and butanol,respectively.In the process of CO_2 hydrogenation to alkenes,low temperature,high pressure,and high H_2 partial pressure favor the CO_2 conversion.C_4H_6 is the most thermodynamically favorable among all considered alkynes under different temperatures and pressures.The thermodynamic calculations are validated with experimental results,suggesting that the Gibbs free energy minimization method is effective for thermodynamically understanding the reaction network involved in the CO_2 hydrogenation process,which is helpful for the development of high-performance catalysts.