新型Li4Ti5O12@石墨烯的微波辅助合成及电化学性能研究

将钛酸四丁酯和氧化石墨超声分散于叔丁醇,微波辐射下加入醋酸锂溶液制备尖晶石Li₄Ti₅O₁₂（LTO）前驱体/氧化石墨烯。一方面,微波作用促进了钛酸四丁酯水解,前驱体的形成能在15min内完成。另一方面,叔丁醇的“软模板”限域作用导致形成粒子极小且形貌单一的LTO前驱体。同时,细小的LTO前驱体粒子通过二次团聚将氧化石墨烯纳米片完全包埋。最后,LTO前驱体/氧化石墨烯在800℃下煅烧8h得到尖晶石LTO@石墨烯（LTO@G）。研究表明,LTO@G晶体尺寸在0.2~1.5μm之间,其振实密度达到1.7g·cm^-3。石墨烯位于晶体内部,并显著提高了材料的电子传导性。LTO@G的电导率为1.84×10^-3S·m^-1,远高于纯相LTO（1.1×10^-7S·m^-1）。1C和4C下,LTO@G首次充放电容量分别是170.1和97.5mAh·g^-1。可见,LTO@G具有高倍率性能和振实密度,可广泛应用于各种商品锂离子电池。     

高性能钛酸锂/还原氧化石墨烯复合负极材料的合成与应用

通过简单的水热法制备了具有介孔结构的钛酸锂/还原氧化石墨烯(LTO/RGO)负极材料,并对该材料的结构及形貌进行了表征.结果表明,该方法获得的LTO/RGO负极材料具有高的比表面积且钛酸锂纳米片不易团聚.电化学性能测试结果表明,该材料在0. 1C倍率下的初始放电比容量达到182. 2 mA·h/g;在5C倍率下经过500周循环后容量仍保持在160. 6 mA·h/g,表现出较好的循环性能.     

银铜双金属/组氨酸功能化石墨烯量子点/石墨烯杂化物的制备及其在电化学法测定黄瓜中毒死蜱、克百威和多菌灵上的应用北大核心CSCD

为了提高金属纳米粒子在石墨烯片上的分散度,通过组氨酸功能化石墨烯量子点(His-GQD)作为桥梁,设计合成银铜双金属/His-GQD/石墨烯杂化物(AgCu/His-GQD/G)。His-GQD通过π-π堆积作用固定到氧化石墨烯上,然后与银离子和铜离子结合形成复合物,最后在氮气保护下热还原获得AgCu/His-GQD/G。形成的杂化物表现出独特的三维结构,且银、铜纳米粒子均匀分散在石墨烯片上。基于该杂化物构建了电化学适配体传感器,适配体与杂化物上的银、铜纳米粒子通过Ag-N和Cu-N键连接而修饰到电极表面上,用于毒死蜱、克百威和多菌灵的测定,表现出高的灵敏度和选择性。毒死蜱、克百威和多菌灵标准曲线的线性范围分别为1.00×10^(-2)~1.00×10^(3)pmol·L^(-1)、1.00×10^(-1)~1.00×10^(4)pmol·L^(-1)和1.00~1.00×10^(6)pmol·L^(-1),检出限(3S/N)分别为3.2×10^(-3)pmol·L^(-1)、2.3×10^(-2)pmol·L^(-1)和2.9×10^(-1)pmol·L^(-1)。该适配体传感器用于黄瓜样品中克百威、毒死蜱和多菌灵的测定,仅检出多菌灵,检出量为1.21 pmol·L^(-1)和1.25 pmol·L^(-1);并按标准加入法进行回收试验,回收率为99.3%~100%。     

溶胶-凝胶模板法制备钛酸钡纳米管

采用氢氧化钡和钛酸四丁酯为前驱体, 溶胶-凝胶结合模板法制备了钛酸钡纳米管, 通过SEM, TEM, XPS和XRD等表征分析, 钛酸钡纳米管直径100 nm, 钛酸钡为立方相结构, 晶胞参数a＝3.995 Å.     

TiO_2纳米粒子的微波合成及其共振散射光谱研究

采用共振散射光谱和分光光度法研究了钛酸四丁酯和水的用量、微波功率和辐照时间对微波高压液相合成ＴｉＯ2 纳米粒子的影响。透射电镜结果表明 ,ＴｉＯ2 纳米粒子呈球形 ,其粒径约为 1 4ｎｍ。ＴｉＯ2 纳米粒子在 350ｎｍ和70 0ｎｍ处产生二个共振散射峰。本实验表明 ,微波高压液相合成法是制备液相纳米粒子的一种简便快速方法 ,共振散射光谱是研究纳米粒子特性的较好的技术。TiO_2纳米粒子的微波合成及其共振散射光谱研究@蒋治良$广西师范大学材料科学与工程研究所!桂林,541004 @冯忠伟$广西师范大学材料科学与工程研究所!桂林,541004…     

微波固相剥离法制备功能化石墨烯及其电化学电容性能研究(英文)

通过微波固相剥离氧化石墨制备了功能化石墨烯材料。石墨烯的剥离,是由于微波加热过程中氧化石墨烯片上的官能团分解为CO2和H2O,产生的压力超过了片层间的范德华力。形貌表征显示了石墨烯的有效剥离和纳米孔结构的形成。红外光谱分析结果表明微波剥离的功能化石墨烯仍然有少量的官能团残留。N2等温吸附-脱附测试结果表明样品具有高比表面积(412.9m2·g-1)和大孔容(1.91cm3·g-1)。电化学测试结果表明功能化石墨烯具有良好的电化学电容行为和207.5F·g-1的比电容。     

二氧化钛纳米粒子-氧化石墨烯/聚酰亚胺混合基质膜的原位聚合及气体渗透性能

以钛酸四丁酯为前驱体,采用浸渍-沉淀法制备二氧化钛纳米粒子-氧化石墨烯(TiO_2-GO)复合物,再将TiO_2-GO复合物与4,4'-(六氟异亚丙基)邻苯二甲酸酐和4,4'-二氨基二苯醚通过原位聚合构建TiO_2-GO/TiO_2-GO/PI(聚酰亚胺)混合基质膜,用于CO_2的渗透脱除.采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热失重(TG)和Zeta电位等表征了TiO_2-GO复合物和TiO_2-GO/PI混合基质膜的形貌与结构;探讨了TiO_2掺杂量对TiO_2-GO复合物及TiO_2-GO/PI混合基质膜的结构和气体渗透性能的影响.结果表明,TiO_2-GO复合物中TiO_2纳米粒子较均匀地沉积在GO片层上,TiO_2纳米粒子在形成的同时破坏了GO的结构,使其无序度增加.TiO_2的掺杂对TiO_2-GO/PI混合基质膜的形貌与结构影响较小,但提升了TiO_2-GO/PI混合基质膜的CO_2和N2渗透性能.但过量的掺杂使TiO_2粒子在GO片层上团聚,从而导致TiO_2-GO复合物在混合基质膜中的分散性变差,CO_2渗透性及CO_2/N2渗透选择性降低.当TiO_2掺杂质量分数为30%时,TiO_2-GO/PI混合基质膜的CO_2渗透性为360 Barrer[1 Barrer=10~(-10)cm~3(STP)·cm/(cm~2·s·cm Hg)=7.5×10~(-14)cm~3(STP)·cm/(cm~2·s·Pa)],CO_2/N_2的渗透选择性可达31.     

氨基修饰Pd/TiO_2/C复合催化剂的制备及在碱性溶液中对乙醇的催化氧化性能

以钛酸四丁酯为前驱体,采用水热法合成二氧化钛纳米片(TiO2),通过3-氨基丙基-三甲氧基硅烷(APTMS)分子对TiO2表面进行氨基修饰后,将其与Vulcan XC-72活性炭复合作为载体,吸附钯前驱体后,再进行液相还原制得Pd/TiO2/C-APTMS复合催化剂.用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线能量色散谱(EDS)、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)、X射线衍射谱(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)表征了催化剂的形貌、组成和结构.电化学测试结果表明,与传统液相混合还原制备的Pd/TiO2/C复合催化剂和Pd/C相比,经氨基修饰后的Pd/TiO2/C-APTMS复合催化剂在碱性溶液中对乙醇氧化具有更高的电催化活性和稳定性.     

无定型钼硫化物/还原氧化石墨烯的辐射合成及其电催化析氢性能

钼硫化物被认为是一种高效的电催化析氢反应的催化剂,因此其合成方法受到了广泛的研究和关注。本文以四硫代钼酸铵和氧化石墨为前驱体,利用γ射线对其辐照还原,一步法制备了钼硫化物/还原氧化石墨烯(Mo S_x/RGO)复合材料。通过X射线光电子能谱、X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、Raman光谱等表征手段确认复合材料中的Mo Sx为无定型结构,且氧化石墨烯得到了有效的还原。同时系统研究了吸收剂量、前驱体配比对复合材料作为析氢反应催化剂性能的影响。结果发现,Mo Sx/RGO复合材料具有优异的催化性能,其催化起始电压为110 m V,在电流密度为10 m A·cm~(-2)时过电势仅为160 m V,Tafel斜率为46 m V·dec~(-1),说明该催化剂催化析氢机理为Volmer-Heyrovesy机理。此外,Mo Sx/RGO复合材料还具有良好的催化稳定性。     

TiO2/石墨烯复合材料的合成及光催化分解水产氢活性

利用石墨粉根据Hummers氧化法制得氧化石墨,并进一步还原得到石墨烯。采用溶胶-凝胶法以钛酸四丁酯和石墨烯为起始材料制备了二氧化钛(TiO₂)和石墨烯的复合光催化材料。研究了该复合材料在紫外-可见光以及可见光条件下的光催化分解水制氢活性。结果表明,紫外-可见光照射下,TiO₂/石墨烯复合光催化材料的光催化分解水产氢速率为8.6 μmol·h^-1,远大于同条件下商业P25的产氢速率 (4.5 μmol·h^-1),光解水产氢活性提高了近2倍;可见光下光照3 h,TiO₂/石墨烯复合材料的光催化分解水产氢量约为0.2 μmol。     

Sol-gel synthesis of K3InF6 and structural characterization of K2InC10O10H6F9, K3InC12O14H4F18 and K3InC12O12F18

K₃InF₆ is synthesized by a sol-gel route starting from indium and potassium acetates dissolved in isopropanol in the stoichiometry 1:3, with trifluoroacetic acid as fluorinating agent. The crystal structures of the organic precursors were solved by X-ray diffraction methods on single crystals. Three organic compounds were isolated and identified: K₂InC₁₀O₁₀H₆F₉, K₃InC₁₂O₁₄H₄F₁₈ and K₃InC₁₂O₁₂F₁₈. The first one, deficient in potassium in comparison with the initial stoichiometry, is unstable. In its crystal structure, acetate as well as trifluoroacetate anions are coordinated to the indium atom. The two other precursors are obtained, respectively, by quick and slow evaporation of the solution. They correspond to the final organic compounds, which give K₃InF₆ by decomposition at high temperature. The crystal structure of K₃InC₁₂O₁₄H₄F₁₈ is characterized by complex anions [In(CF₃COO)₄(OH_x)₂]^(5−2x)− and isolated [CF₃COOH_2−x]^(x−1)− molecules with x=2 or 1, surrounded by K⁺ cations. The crystal structure of K₃InC₁₂O₁₂F₁₈ is only constituted by complex anions [In(CF₃COO)₆]³⁻ and K⁺ cations. For all these compounds, potassium cations ensure only the electroneutrality of the structure. IR spectra of K₂InC₁₀O₁₀H₆F₉ and K₃InC₁₂O₁₂F₁₈ were also performed at room temperature on pulverized crystals.     

Li2O-TiO2-SiO2-P2O5和Li2O-TiO2-Al2O3-P2O5体系锂离子固体电解质的制备及性能研究

一些具有NASICON型网格结构的固体电解质具有高的电导率和好的稳定性,NASICON的意思是Na Super Ionic Conductor[1]。当NaZr2(PO4)3中P5 被Si4 部分取代时便可以得到具有NASICON结构的Na1 xZr2SixP3-xO12体系,其具有高的钠离子电导率。然而有相同结构的Li1 xZr2SixP3-xO12体系的离子电导率却很低,这是因为Li 半径太小,而NASICON三维网格结构的离子通道太大,两者不匹配而使电导率下降[2]。但当LiZr2(PO4)3中Zr4 被离子半径小些的Ti4 取代,所得LiTi2(PO4)3的通道就与Li 半径相匹配,适合于锂离子的迁移,从而使其电导率…     

Non-centrosymmetric Ba3Ti3O6(BO3)2

The compound previously reported as Ba₂Ti₂B₂O₉ has been reformulated as Ba₃Ti₃B₂O₁₂, or Ba₃Ti₃O₆(BO₃)₂, a new barium titanium oxoborate. Small single crystals have been recovered from a melt with a composition of BaTiO₃:BaTiB₂O₆ (molar ratio) cooled between 1100°C and 850°C. The crystal structure has been determined by X-ray diffraction: hexagonal system, non-centrosymmetric space group, a=8.7377(11) Å, c=3.9147(8) Å, Z=1, wR(F²)=0.039 for 504 unique reflections. Ba₃Ti₃O₆(BO₃)₂ is isostructural with K₃Ta₃O₆(BO₃)₂. Preliminary measurements of nonlinear optical properties on microcrystalline samples show that the second harmonic generation efficiency of Ba₃Ti₃O₆(BO₃)₂ is equal to 95% of that of LiNbO₃.     

Ion-beam irradiation of lanthanum compounds in the systems La2O3-Al2O3 and La2O3-TiO2

Thin crystals of La₂O₃, LaAlO₃, La_2/3TiO₃, La₂TiO₅, and La₂Ti₂O₇ have been irradiated in situ using 1 MeV Kr²⁺ ions at the Intermediate Voltage Electron Microscope-Tandem User Facility (IVEM-Tandem), Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). We observed that La₂O₃ remained crystalline to a fluence greater than 3.1×10¹⁶ ions cm⁻² at a temperature of 50 K. The four binary oxide compounds in the two systems were observed through the crystalline-amorphous transition as a function of ion fluence and temperature. Results from the ion irradiations give critical temperatures for amorphisation (T_c) of 647 K for LaAlO₃, 840 K for La₂Ti₂O₇, 865 K for La_2/3TiO₃, and 1027 K for La₂TiO₅. The T_c values observed in this study, together with previous data for Al₂O₃ and TiO₂, are discussed with reference to the melting points for the La₂O₃-Al₂O₃ and La₂O₃-TiO₂ systems and the different local environments within the four crystal structures. Results suggest that there is an observable inverse correlation between T_c and melting temperature (T_m) in the two systems. More complex relationships exist between T_c and crystal structure, with the stoichiometric perovskite LaAlO₃ being the most resistant to amorphisation.     

A new 2212-type stair like structure: Bi14Sr21Fe12O61, m=5 member of the generic [Bi2Sr3Fe2O9]m[Bi4Sr6Fe2O16] family

A new oxide, Bi₁₄Sr₂₁Fe₁₂O_61, with a layered structure derived from the 2212 modulated type structure Bi₂Sr₃Fe₂O₉, was isolated. It crystallizes in the I2 space group, with the following parameters: a=16.58(3) Å, b=5.496(1) Å, c=35.27(2) Å and β=90.62°. The single crystal X-ray structure determination, coupled with electron microscopy, shows that this ferrite is the m=5 member of the [Bi₂Sr₃Fe₂O₉]_m[Bi₄Sr₆Fe₂O₁₆] collapsed family. This new collapsed structure can be described as slices of 2212 structure of five bismuth polyhedra thick along , shifted with respect to each other and interconnected by means of [Bi₄Sr₆Fe₂O₁₆] slices. The latter are the place of numerous defects like iron or strontium for bismuth substitution; they can be correlated to intergrowth defects with other members of the family.     

Synthesis, crystal structure, infrared and Raman spectra of Sr4Cu3(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)4·3H2O and Ba2Cu4(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)3

The two new compounds, Sr₄Cu₃(AsO₄)₂(AsO₃OH)₄·3H₂O (1) and Ba₂Cu₄(AsO₄)₂(AsO₃OH)₃(2), were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. They represent previously unknown structure types and are the first compounds synthesized in the systems SrO/BaO-CuO-As₂O₅-H₂O. Their crystal structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction [space group C2/c, a=18.536(4) Å, b=5.179(1) Å, c=24.898(5) Å, β=93.67(3)°, V=2344.0(8) Å³, Z=4 for 1; space group P4₂/n, a=7.775(1) Å, c=13.698(3) Å, V=828.1(2) Å³, Z=2 for 2]. The crystal structure of 1 is related to a group of compounds formed by Cu²⁺-(XO₄)³⁻ layers (X=P⁵⁺, As⁵⁺) linked by M cations (M=alkali, alkaline earth, Pb²⁺, or Ag⁺) and partly by hydrogen bonds. In 1, worth mentioning is the very short hydrogen bond length, D···A=2.477(3) Å. It is one of the examples of extremely short hydrogen bonds, where the donor and acceptor are crystallographically different. Compound 2 represents a layered structure consisting of Cu₂O₈ centrosymmetric dimers crosslinked by As1φ₄ tetrahedra, where φ is O or OH, which are interconnected by Ba, As2 and hydrogen bonds to form a three-dimensional network. The layers are formed by Cu₂O₈ centrosymmetric dimers of CuO₅ edge-sharing polyhedra, crosslinked by As1O₄ tetrahedra. Vibrational spectra (FTIR and Raman) of both compounds are described. The spectroscopic manifestation of the very short hydrogen bond in 1, and ABC-like spectra in 2 were discussed.     

Raman scattering investigations on lanthanum-doped Bi4Ti3O12-SrBi4Ti4O15 intergrowth ferroelectrics

The ferroelectric ceramics of Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂, SrBi₄Ti₄O₁₅, and lanthanum-doped Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂-SrBi₄Ti₄O₁₅ were synthesized, and their Raman spectra were investigated. La-doping resulted in the enlargement of remnant polarization of Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂-SrBi₄Ti₄O₁₅. The structure of the Bi₂O₂ layers and TiO₆ octahedra of the intergrowth was found to be different from those of Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ and SrBi₄Ti₄O₁₅. La³⁺ ions exhibit pronounced selectivity for the occupation of A site as La content is lower than 0.50, and tend to be incorporated into Bi₂O₂ layers when the La content is higher than 0.50. Lanthanum substitution brings about the structural phase transition in Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂-SrBi₄Ti₄O₁₅. The variation of ferroelectric property may be attributed to combined contribution from the decreasing of the oxygen vacancies, the relaxation of the lattice distortion, the destroying of the insulation and the space charge compensation effects of the Bi₂O₂ slabs.     

g-C_3N_4/CaTi_2O_5复合材料制备及其光催化性能

利用类石墨氮化碳(g-C_3N_4)和亚稳相钙钛氧化物(CaTi_2O_5)固相法制备C_3N_4/CaTi_2O_5复合材料。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及附带能谱分析仪(EDS)和N2吸附-脱附对样品的显微结构和比表面积进行检测分析,并用紫外-可见吸收光度计(UV-Vis)测试了样品的光吸收性能,研究C_3N_4与CaTi_2O_5物质的量之比(nC_3N_4/nCaTi_2O_5)对C_3N_4/CaTi_2O_5复合样品的物相结构和微观形貌的影响,同时考察C_3N_4/CaTi_2O_5复合样品在可见光照射下光催化降解罗丹明染料效果。实验结果表明:相比纯C_3N_4和CaTi_2O_5样品,C_3N_4/CaTi_2O_5复合样品在可见光下具有较高的光催化性能,随着nC_3N_4/nCaTi_2O_5增加,样品的光催化降解率随之增加而后降低,当nC_3N_4/nCaTi_2O_5=1∶1时,样品的光催化降解率达到最大值99.5%,并且循环重复利用5次后,样品的光催化剂降解率仍几乎保持不变。复合样品光催化性能提高主要归因于复合能级结构有效地抑制了电子和空穴复合所致。     

Magnetic diphase nanostructure of ZnFe2O4/γ-Fe2O3

Magnetic diphase nanostructures of ZnFe₂O₄/γ-Fe₂O₃ were synthesized by a solvothermal method. The formation reactions were optimized by tuning the initial molar ratios of Fe/Zn. All samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectra. It is found that when the initial molar ratio of Fe/Zn is larger than 2, a diphase magnetic nanostructure of ZnFe₂O₄/γ-Fe₂O₃ was formed, in which the presence of ZnFe₂O₄ enhanced the thermal stability of γ-Fe₂O₃. Further increasing the initial molar ratio of Fe/Zn larger than 6 destabilized the diphase nanostructure and yielded traces of secondary phase α-Fe₂O₃. The grain surfaces of diphase nanostructure exhibited a spin-glass-like structure. At room temperature, all diphase nanostructures are superparamagnetic with saturation magnetization being increased with γ-Fe₂O₃ content.     

g-C3N4/CaTi2O5复合材料制备及其光催化性能

利用类石墨氮化碳（g-C₃N₄）和亚稳相钙钛氧化物（CaTi₂O₅）固相法制备C₃N₄/CaTi₂O₅复合材料。利用X射线衍射（XRD）、金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）及附带能谱分析仪（EDS）和N₂吸附-脱附对样品的显微结构和比表面积进行检测分析,并用紫外-可见吸收光度计（UV-Vis）测试了样品的光吸收性能,研究C₃N₄与CaTi₂O₅物质的量之比（n_C3N4/nCaTi₂O₅）对C₃N₄/CaTi₂O₅复合样品的物相结构和微观形貌的影响,同时考察C₃N₄/CaTi₂O₅复合样品在可见光照射下光催化降解罗丹明染料效果。实验结果表明：相比纯C₃N₄和CaTi₂O₅样品,C₃N₄/CaTi₂O₅复合样品在可见光下具有较高的光催化性能,随着n_C3N4/nCaTi₂O₅增加,样品的光催化降解率随之增加而后降低,当n_C3N4/nCaTi₂O₅=1：1时,样品的光催化降解率达到最大值99.5%,并且循环重复利用5次后,样品的光催化剂降解率仍几乎保持不变。复合样品光催化性能提高主要归因于复合能级结构有效地抑制了电子和空穴复合所致。