Synthesis and identification of dinitro- and diaminoterephthalic acid

Dinitroterephthalic acid(DNTPA) and diaminoterephthalic acid(DATPA) were prepared in 85%and 75%yields,respectively. These compounds were characterized by using FTIR and ~1HNMR.DATPA can be used as a monomer for the preparation of polyesters and polyamides.     

关于7种含氧酸结构与酸性的讨论

含氧酸是无机化学授课的一个重要内容，讨论了含氧酸中亚硫酸、硼酸、次磷酸、亚磷酸、溴酸、亚溴酸、碳酸的结构与酸性。研究表明，SO2溶液中存在着2种异构体；硼酸在不同条件下存在Lewis酸和Brönsted酸2种形式；次磷酸、亚磷酸、溴酸、亚溴酸都存在着异构化倾向；在一定条件下，碳酸具有一定的动力学稳定性。     

几种糖醛酸及其寡糖的薄层层析分析

以葡萄糖醛酸（GlcA）、半乳糖醛酸（GalA）、甘露糖醛酸（ManA）、古罗糖醛酸（GulA）、半乳糖醛酸寡糖（Oligo-GalA）、甘露糖醛酸寡糖（Oligo-ManA）、古罗糖醛酸寡糖（Oligo-GulA）和酶解褐藻胶寡糖（Oligo-u-Alg）为研究对象,探讨其薄层色谱（TLC）行为。结果表明,TLC对不同糖醛酸寡糖有良好的分离和分析效果,其中Oligo-GalA与褐藻胶来源的寡糖兄值不同,而同样来源于褐藻胶的Oligo-ManA与Oligo-GulAR,值相同;首次发现酸解与酶解褐藻胶寡糖聚合度相同时兄值不同。此外,4种糖醛酸对不同的显色剂的显色灵敏度也略有不同,其中硫酸铈显色剂的显色效果最灵敏。这些结果为快速有效分析酸性寡糖的纯度及其聚合度,提供了简便有效的方法。     

离子色谱法测定威力酸中的有机酸

采用离子排斥分离,电导检测模式,对威力酸中的4种有机酸成份进行分离测定。将威力酸样品通过萃取、洗涤、过滤之后进样,可以测定其柠檬酸、乳酸、苹果酸、富马酸4种有机酸,在一定的色谱条件下,4种阴离子都具有很好的线性和较低的检出限。威力酸中的柠檬酸,乳酸,苹果酸,富马酸的检出限分别是0.10、0.14、0.30和0.12μg/L,线性相关系数r2在0.9997~0.9999范围内,样品中待测离子峰面积的RSD在4.3%以下(n=10),回收率在94%~105%之间。采用抑制电导的离子色谱法是分析威力酸中的有机酸成份的高效与准确的方法。     

固体过氧钼酸的制备及其性质研究

本文提供了制备固体过氧钼酸的新方法,它以Na_2MoO_4为原料,按Mo:H_2O_2=2.00:1.05(摩尔比)和游离酸度为0.40mole/dm~3的量加入H_2O_2和HNO_3,然后在50℃条件下加热20小时,析出Mo:(O_2):H_2O=2:1:2的固体过氧钼酸,得率96%。用热分析和超高真空程序升温质谱研究了它的性质,并推断其可能结构。     

离子色谱法测定水中4种有机酸

建立了水样中甲酸、乙酸、丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸的离子色谱测定方法,采用IonPac AS11-HC阴离子分离柱,以KOH为淋洗液,采用浓度梯度洗脱,可同时测定上述4种有机酸。方法对实际水样中甲酸、乙酸、丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸的平均加标回收率在80.2%~103.3%,相对标准偏差在5.8%之内,检出限分别为:0.005,0.003,0.005和0.004mg/L;定量下限分别为:0.020,0.012,0.020和0.016mg/L。方法准确、简便、环保,能够满足实际水样的测定需要,且水样中常见的阴离子不会对目标污染物的测定产生影响。     

Mitocanic Di- and Triterpenoid Rhodamine B Conjugates

The combination of the “correct” triterpenoid, the “correct” spacer and rhodamine B (RhoB) seems to be decisive for the ability of the conjugate to accumulate in mitochondria. So far, several triterpenoid rhodamine B conjugates have been prepared and screened for their cytotoxic activity. To obtain cytotoxic compounds with EC₅₀ values in a low nano-molar range combined with good tumor/non-tumor selectivity, the Rho B unit has to be attached via an amine spacer to the terpenoid skeleton. To avoid spirolactamization, secondary amines have to be used. First results indicate that a homopiperazinyl spacer is superior to a piperazinyl spacer. Hybrids derived from maslinic acid or tormentic acid are superior to those from oleanolic, ursolic, glycyrrhetinic or euscaphic acid. Thus, a tormentic acid-derived RhoB conjugate 32, holding a homopiperazinyl spacer can be regarded, at present, as the most promising candidate for further biological studies.     

Evaluation of biocatalytic pathways in the synthesis of polyesters: Towards a greener production of surgical sutures

This review presents an updated and alternative perspective on enzymatic synthesis to obtain polyesters, with a focus on the precursor materials for absorbable sutures: poly-lactic, poly-glycolic, and poly-lactic-co-glycolic acids. Currently, the profitable path towards the industrial synthesis of polyesters is ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of lactones, which is an experimentally complex process and implies a hazardous environmental impact due to the need for energy consumption, use of large volumes of toxic organic solvents and of non-biocompatible metal-based catalysts. On the contrary, enzymatically driven reactions may be performed under mild conditions in simple reactors. Mechanistic and experimental issues of the two major biocatalyzed strategies -direct condensation and ROP- were analyzed from a green chemistry perspective. These enzyme-catalyzed poly-esterifications often return low yield and/or low final molecular weight (M_w). Considering all the analyzed published data available, possible strategies to overcome these limitations were postulated: implementation of aqueous biphasic reaction systems, use of ultrasound agitation and sequential addition of reactants or co-solvents. To promote M_w increment, post-reaction treatments can be carried out such as thermally induced short-chain polymerization under vacuum and incorporation of glycols as chain extenders.     

12-钼磷酸的Brnsted酸位和Lewis酸位

研究了加热、抽空等预处理对固态12-钼磷酸(PMA)酸位的影响。发现了PMA上除存在B-酸位外,还可生成L-酸位。研究了PMA上L-酸位的成因,水在两类酸位形成过程中的作用,L-酸位与B-酸位的相对强度,以及PMA上酸强度的分布。据此,对Miscno等认为PMA中只存在质子酸和酸强度分布均匀的观点提出了不同的看法。     

反相高效液相色谱测定在乙醇酸和草酸存在下的乙醛酸含量

采用反相高效液相色谱分离测定了乙醇酸和草酸共存下乙醛酸的含量。色谱柱为Hy-persil ODS-C18柱(4.6 mm×100 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-水,检测波长为210 nm。探讨了流动相的pH及其配比对分离度和灵敏度的影响。以峰面积对乙醛酸浓度(g.L-1)作图所得校正曲线的线性回归方程为Y=1.934×103X+0.067×103(r=0.999 9),方法的检出限(2S/N)为5×10-7g.L-1。方法的测定回收率为98.1%~100.4%,相对标准偏差为0.4%。     

Stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic assay and analysis of decomposition products of 2-[4-[(7-chloro-2-quinoxalinyl)oxy]phenoxy]propanoic acid

A stability-indicating HPLC assay has been developed for 2-{4-[(7-chloro-2-quinoxalinyl)oxy]phenoxy}propanoic acid (XK469). XK-469 is the 7-chloro analog of herbicide Quizalofop and is currently under development as an antineoplastic agent. HPLC separation of XK469 is achieved with an ODS column using isocratic elution of an aqueous MeOH mobile phase. The assay is reproducible (RSD=0.9%), linear (r²=0.999), accurate (error=1.2%) and sensitive (LDL=1.2 ng). The HPLC separates XK469 from its forced decomposition products. Identities of the decomposition products have been elucidated.     

腐植酸类物质应用研究进展

腐植酸作为一种资源广泛存在于自然界中,它是影响环境生态平衡的重要因素,也是潜在的、可大力开发和综合利用的有机资源.腐植酸类物质具有多种活性官能团,具有酸性、亲水性、界面活性、阳离子交换能力、络合作用及吸附分散能力.本文对腐植酸进行了分类,综述了其应用领域以及腐植酸类物质应用中存在的问题和应用前景.     

在强酸与多元酸混合酸中影响各组分酸含量测定的因素及条件

在前文中曾提出，第一终点ＰＨ＞３．７的情况下，以多元酸标准溶液的半中和点为第一点，测定各组分酸含量的方法。在此基础上，本文在理论上明确了影响各组分酸含量测定的因素，从而提出第一终点ＰＨ不同的情况下，Ｋａ１／Ｋａ２倍数不同时可准确滴定的Ｖｅ２／Ｖ＾Ｔｅ值的计算方法。实验结果表明，在此条件下结果是可靠的。     

Synthesis and study of (2S,4S)-4-arylamino-2-carboxy-5-pyrrolidones

(2S,4S)-4-Arylamino-2-carboxy-5-pyrrolidones were prepared by hydrolysis of dimethyl (2S,4S)-4-arylamino-N-phthaloylglutamates. The protonation constants of the arylamino group in the synthesized compounds were determined. The pyrrolidone ring is stable in acidic or neutral solutions. The relative stability of the pyrrolidone ring in alkaline solutions was studied by IR spectroscopy.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 12, pp. 2087–2090, December, 1993.     

Efficient formation of novel and versatile building blocks from mucohalic acids: new substitute for tetronic acid and γ-alkylidenebutenolide

Novel and useful building blocks were synthesized efficiently by DABCO mediated highly selective dehalogenation of Knoevenagel aldol adducts of mucochloric acid and mucobromic acid. These new compounds were found to undergo palladium catalyzed C-C bond forming reactions (Suzuki and Sonogashira cross-coupling) in high yields.     

紫外分光光度法检测盐酸中的乙酸

用紫外分光光度法检测盐酸中的微量乙酸。确定了乙酸的最大吸光度和相关线性范围。检测了不同浓度的乙酸在 10 % (体积分数 )盐酸中的线性关系。认为在 10 %盐酸中 3 8g·L- 1的乙酸呈良好的线性关系。该方法简便、实用、快速。适用于氯乙酸合成生产线的盐酸检测。     

Anthranilic acid derivatives from Inula japonica

Three new anthranilic acid derivatives, N-heneicosanoylanthranilic acid （1b）, N-tricosanoylanthranilic acid （1d）, N-tetracosanoylanthranilic acid （1e）, and two known N-arachidylanthranilic acid （1a） and N-docosanoylanthranilic acid （1c） were isolated from the aerial parts of lnula japonica Thunb. Their structures were established by spectroscopic and chemical methods.