H2FCS单分子分解反应的直接动力学研究

采用量子化学QCISD(T)/6-311++G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p)方法研究了H2FCS单分子分解反应的微观动力学性质, 构建了反应势能剖面. 利用经典过渡态理论(TST)与变分过渡态理论(CVT)并结合小曲率隧道效应模型(SCT), 分别计算了在200～3000 K温度范围内的速率常数kTST、kCVT和kCVT/SCT. 计算结果表明, H2FCS可经过不同的反应通道生成10种小分子产物, 脱H反应和HF消去反应为标题反应的主反应通道, 其中HF消去反应产物HCS可由两条反应通道生成. 在200~3000 K温度区间内得到三条反应通道的表观反应速率常数三参数表达式分别为 , 和 . 速率常数计算结果显示, 量子力学隧道效应在低温区间对反应速率常数的影响显著, 而变分效应在计算温度范围内可以忽略.     

HNCS与CH2(X2Π)反应微观动力学的理论研究

用量子化学密度泛函理论的UB3LYP/6-311+G**方法和高级电子相关的UQCISD(T)/6-311+G**方法研究了异硫氰酸(HNCS)与乙炔基自由基(C2H(X2Π))反应的微观机理. 采用双水平直接动力学方法IVTST-M, 获取反应的势能面信息, 应用正则变分过渡态理论并考虑小曲率隧道效应, 计算了在250～2500 K温度范围内反应的速率常数. 研究结果表明, HNCS与C2H(X2Π)反应为多通道、多步骤的复杂反应, 共存在三个可能的反应通道, 主反应通道为通过分子间H原子迁移, 生成主要产物NCS+C2H2. 反应速率常数随温度升高而增大, 表现为正温度效应. 速率常数计算中变分效果很小. 在低温区隧道效应对反应速率的贡献较大, 反应为放热反应.     

HNCS与C_2H(X~2Π)反应微观动力学的理论研究

用量子化学密度泛函理论的UB3LYP/6-311 G鄢鄢方法和高级电子相关的UQCISD(T)/6-311 G鄢鄢方法研究了异硫氰酸(HNCS)与乙炔基自由基(C2H(X2Π))反应的微观机理.采用双水平直接动力学方法IVTST-M,获取反应的势能面信息,应用正则变分过渡态理论并考虑小曲率隧道效应,计算了在250～2500K温度范围内反应的速率常数.研究结果表明,HNCS与C2H(X2Π)反应为多通道、多步骤的复杂反应,共存在三个可能的反应通道,主反应通道为通过分子间H原子迁移,生成主要产物NCS C2H2.反应速率常数随温度升高而增大,表现为正温度效应.速率常数计算中变分效果很小.在低温区隧道效应对反应速率的贡献较大,反应为放热反应.     

HCCO与CH(2Π)双自由基反应微观动力学的理论研究

用量子化学密度泛函理论的UB3LYP/6-311+G**方法和高级电子相关的UQCISD(T)/6-311+G**方法研究了HCCO与CH(2Π)自由基反应的微观机理. 采用双水平直接动力学方法IVTST-M和正则变分过渡态理论研究了在1 000～2 500 K温度范围内反应的速率常数. 结果表明, HCCO与CH(2Π)双自由基反应过程中存在3个反应通道, 生成产物为C2H2+CO. 通道2为主要反应路径, 通道1也占一定的比例. 在所研究的温度范围内, 速率常数计算的变分效果均较小, 反应为放热反应.     

CF_2ClC(O)OCH_2CH_3+OH的反应机理及动力学性质的理论研究

利用双水平直接动力学方法,在MCG3-MPWB//M06-2X/aug-cc-pVDZ水平上研究了CF_2ClC(0)OCH_2CH_3+OH的微观反应机理.得到了反应物CF_2ClC(O)OCH_2CH_3的5种稳定构象(RCl~RC5),并对每一构象考察了发生在-CH_3-和-CH_2-基团上的所有可能氢提取反应通道.利用改进的变分过渡态理论(ICVT)结合小曲率隧道效应校正(SCT)计算了各反应通道的速率常数,分析了各构象反应位点选择性.结果表明,对于构象RCl和RC2,低温时氢提取反应主要发生在-CH_2-基团上;而对于构象RC3RC4和RC5,发生在-CH_3基团上的氢提取反应通道在整个温度区间内占绝对优势.根据Boltzmann配分函数计算总包反应速率常数,在298 K温度下计算的体系总包反应速率常数与实验值相符,进而给出200~1000 K温度范围内拟合了速率常数的三参数Arrhenius表达式:k_(overall)=5.45×10~(25)T~(4.54)exp(-685/T).     

甲硫醇和氢原子反应的从头算直接动力学

利用双水平直接动力学方法对反应CH3SH+H的微观机理和动力学性质进行了理论研究.对于此反应的三个反应通道,即—SH和—CH3基团上的两个氢提取通道及一个取代通道,在MP2/6-311+G(d,p)水平上优化得到了各稳定点的结构及振动频率,并在G3(MP2)水平上进行了单点能量计算以获得更精确的能量信息;在此基础上运用结合小曲率隧道效应校正的变分过渡态理论(CVT/SCT)计算了各反应通道在220-1000 K温度区间的速率常数.计算结果表明提取—SH基团上H的反应通道R1在整个反应温度区间都是主要通道,而随着温度的升高,低温下的次要反应通道——取代通道R3变得越来越重要,并且在高温下将成为一个竞争的反应通道;提取—CH3基团上H的反应通道(R2)由于具有较高的反应能垒,因而,其对总反应速率常数的贡献可以忽略.计算得到的总反应速率常数与已有的实验值符合得很好,进而我们预测了该反应在220-1000 K温度范围内速率常数的表达式为:k=5.00×10-18T2.39exp(-119.81/T),为将来的实验研究提供参考.     

CH3SH与NO2的反应机理及动力学

在G3B3,CCSD(T)/6-311++G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)水平上详细研究了CH3SH与基态NO2的微观反应机理.在B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)水平得到了反应势能面上所有反应物、过渡态和产物的优化构型,通过振动频率分析和内禀反应坐标(IRC)跟踪验证了过渡态与反应物和产物的连接关系.在CCSD(T)/6-311++G(d,p)和G3B3水平计算了各物种的能量,得到了反应势能面.利用经典过渡态理论(TST)与变分过渡态理论(CVT)并结合小曲率隧道效应模型(SCT),分别计算了在200～3000K温度范围内的速率常数kTST,kCVT和kCVT/SCT.研究结果表明,该反应体系共存在5个反应通道,其中N进攻巯基上H原子生成CH3S+HNO2的通道活化势垒较低,为主要反应通道.动力学数据也表明,该通道在200～3000K计算温度范围内占绝对优势,拟合得到的速率常数表达式为k1CVT/SCT=1.93×10-16T0.21exp(-558.2/T)cm3·molecule-1·s-1.     

HCCO与CH（2∏）双自由基反应微观动力学的理论研究

用量子化学密度泛函理论的UB3LY/6-311 G**方法和高级电子相关的UQCISD(T)／6-311 G**方法研究了HCCO与CH(^2∏)自由基反应的微观机理．采用双水平直接动力学方法IVTST-M和正则变分过渡态理论研究了在l000～2500K温度范围内反应的速率常数．结果表明，HCCO与CH(^2∏)双自由基反应过程中存在3个反应通道。生成产物为C2H2 CO．通道2为主要反应路径，通道1也占一定的比例．在所研究的温度范围内，速率常数计算的变分效果均较小，反应为放热反应．     

气相中烯丙基负离子与N2O反应机理

采用二阶微扰理论的MP2/6-31G(d,p)方法对气相中烯丙基负离子与N2O的反应机理进行了理论计算研究, 并在相同基组下进一步用CCSD(T)方法进行了单点能的校正. 计算结果表明, 该反应存在三条反应通道, 产物分别为cis-CH2CHCNN-+H2O, trans-CH2CHCNN-+H2O和CH2CCH-+N2+H2O, 其中生成cis-CH2CHCNN-和trans-CH2CHCNN-的两条通道为相互竞争的主反应通道, 计算结果与实验相吻合. 同时利用传统的过渡态理论, 计算了各反应通道在298 K时, 速控步骤的反应速率常数k(T).     

C2H3与CH3F氢抽提反应机理与动力学性质

采用双水平直接动力学方法对C₂H₃与CH₃F氢抽提反应进行了研究. 在QCISD(T)/6-311++G(d, p)//B3LYP/6-311G(d, p)水平上, 计算的三个反应通道R1、R2和R3的能垒(ΔE^≠)分别为43.2、43.9和44.1 kJ·mol^-1, 反应热为-38.2 kJ·mol^-1. 此外, 利用传统过渡态理论(TST)、正则变分过渡态理论(CVT)和包含小曲率隧道效应(SCT)的CVT, 分别计算了200-3000 K温度范围内反应的速率常数k^TST、k^CVT和k^CVT/SCT. 结果表明: (1) 三个氢抽提反应通道的速率常数随温度的增加而增大, 其中变分效应的影响可以忽略, 隧道效应则在低温段影响显著; (2) R1反应是主反应通道, 但随着温度的升高, R2反应的竞争力增大, 而R3反应对总速率常数的影响很小.     

Ab initio and kinetic calculations for the reactions of Cl with SiH(n)Cl(4-n) (n=1,2,3,4)

The direct hydrogen abstraction reactions of Cl atom with SiH(n)Cl(4-n) (n=1,2,3,4) have been studied systematically using ab initio molecular orbital theory. Geometries have been optimized at the MP2 level with 6-311+G(d) basis set, QCISD(T)/6-311+G(d,p) has been used in the final single point energy calculation. The kinetic calculations of these reactions have been explored using the canonical variational transition (CVT) state theory method with small-curvature tunneling (SCT) effect correction over the temperature range of 200-2000 K. The CVT/SCT rate constants exhibit typical non-Arrhenius behavior and three-parameter rate-temperature formulas have been fitted for the reactions of Cl with SiH4, SiH3Cl, SiH2Cl2, and SiHCl3, respectively (in unit of cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1)). The calculated CVT/SCT rate constants are in agreement with the available experimental values.     

Direct Ab Initio Dynamics Study on the Reaction of CH3CHF2 (HFC‐152a) with the Cl Atom

A direct ab initio dynamics method is used to investigate the hydrogen‐abstraction reaction CH₃CHF₂+Cl. One transition state is located for α‐H abstraction, and two are identified for β‐H abstraction. The potential‐energy surface (PES) is obtained at the G3(MP2)//MP2/6‐311G(d, p) level. Furthermore, the rate constants of the three channels are evaluated by using canonical variational transition‐state theory (CVT) with small‐curvature tunneling (SCT) contributions over a wide temperature range of 200–2500 K. The dynamic calculations show that the reaction proceeds mainly by α‐H abstraction over the whole temperature range. The calculated rate constants and branching ratios are both in good agreement with the available experimental values.     

Ab initio Calculation and Kinetic Study for the Abstraction Reaction of H with Sihcl3

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Ab initio direct dynamics studies on the reactions of chlorine atom with CH3-nFnCH2OH (n = 1-3)

The hydrogen abstraction reactions of Cl atom with a series of fluorinated alcohols, i.e., CH(3-n)F(n)CH(2)OH + Cl (n = 1-3) (R1-R3) have been studied systematically by ab initio direct dynamics method and the canonical variational transition state theory (CVT). The potential energy surface information is calculated at the MP2/6-311G(d,p) level. Energies along the minimum energy paths are improved by a series of single-point calculations at the higher modified GAUSSIAN-2 (G2M) level of theory. Theoretical analysis shows that three kinds of hydrogen atoms can be abstracted from the reactants CH(2)FCH(2)OH and CHF(2)CH(2)OH, and for CF(3)CH(2)OH, two possible pathways are found. The rate constants for each reaction channel are evaluated by CVT with the small-curvature tunneling correction (SCT) over a wide range of temperature from 200 to 2000 K. The calculated CVT/SCT rate constants are in good agreement with the available experimental values for the reactions CHF(2)CH(2)OH + Cl and CF(3)CH(2)OH + Cl. However, for the reaction CH(2)FCH(2)OH + Cl, there is negative temperature dependence below 500 K, which is different from the experimental fitted. It is shown that in the low temperature ranges, the three reactions all proceed predominantly via H-abstraction from the methylene positions, and with the increase of the temperature the H-abstraction channels from the fluorinated-methyl positions should be taken into account, while the H-abstraction channels from the hydroxyl groups are negligible over the whole temperature ranges. Also, the reactivity decreases substantially with fluorine substitution at the methyl position of alcohol.     

CHnF4-n与O3吸氢反应途径和速率常数计算

用量子化学方法, 从理论上探讨了CHnF4-n(n=2,3)与臭氧反应的微观机理, 并计算了各反应在不同温度下的速率常数.     

Ab initio direct dynamics studies on the reaction of H atom with CH3CH2Cl

The multiple channel reaction H + CH(3)CH(2)Cl --> products has been studied by the ab initio direct dynamics method. The potential energy surface information is calculated at the MP2/6-311G(d,p) level of theory. The energies along the minimum energy path are further improved by single-point energy calculations at the PMP4(SDTQ)/6-311+G(3df,2p) level of theory. For the reaction, four reaction channels (one chlorine abstraction, one alpha-hydrogen abstraction, and two beta-hydrogen abstractions) have been identified. The rate constants for each reaction channel are calculated by using canonical variational transition state theory incorporating the small-curvature tunneling correction in the temperature range 298-5000 K. The total rate constants, which are calculated from the sum of the individual rate constants, are in good agreement with the experimental data. The calculated temperature dependence of the branching fractions indicates that for the title reaction, H-abstraction reaction is the major reaction channel in the whole temperature range 298-5000 K.     

Direct ab initio dynamics study of the reaction of C2(A3Πu) with CH4

The reaction of C₂(A³Π_u) with CH₄ has been investigated over a wide temperature range 200–3,000 K by direct ab initio dynamics method at the BMC‐CCSD//BB1K/6‐311+G(2d,2p) level of theory. The optimized geometries and frequencies of the stationary points are calculated at the BB1K/6‐311+G(2d,2p) level, and then the energy profiles of the reactions are refined using the BMC‐CCSD method. The activation barrier height for H‐abstraction reaction was calculated to be 4.44 kcal/mol in temperature range (337–605 K), and the electron transfer behavior was also analyzed by quasi‐restricted molecular orbital method in detail. The canonical variational transition‐state theory (CVT) with the small curvature tunneling (SCT) correction method is used to calculate the rate constants over a wide temperature range 200–3,000 K. The theoretical results shows that variational effect is to some extent large in lower temperature range, and small curvature and tunneling effect play important roles to the H‐atom abstraction only at lower temperatures. The CVT/SCT rate constants are in good agreement with the available experimental results. Our theoretical study is expected to provide a direct insight into the reaction mechanism and may be useful for estimating the kinetics of the title reaction over a wide temperature range where no experimental data are available so far. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2012     

H原子和(CH3)2SiH2抽提反应的理论研究

采用UMP2/6-31G(d)理论水平优化了H原子和(CH3)2SiH2抽提反应势能面上的所有驻点,并在此水平基础上进行了内禀反应坐标(IRC)的计算,得到该反应的反应途径(MEP)。应用变分过渡态理论及最小能量途径半经典绝热基态隧道效应校正(MEPSAG)、小曲率半经典绝热基态隧道效应校正(SCSAG)等方法对上述反应进行了动力学研究,期望从理论上提供一套温度范围较宽、精度较高的动力学数据,为阐明反应机理和解释实验结果提供理论依据。     

H原子与CH3NH2抽氢反应的动力学计算

用QC ISD(T)/6-311 G(3DF,3PD)/MP2/6-311G(D,P)方法研究了H原子与CH3NH2的抽氢反应过程。该反应包含两个反应通道:H分别从CH3基团(R1)和NH2(R2)基团上抽氢。R1势垒比R2势垒低3.42kJ/mol,表明R1是主反应通道。在从头算的基础上,用变分过渡态理论(CVT)加小曲率隧道效应(SCT)研究了各反应温度范围为200~4000K内的速率常数,所得结果与实验值符合的很好。动力计算表明,在所研究的温度范围内,变分效应对速率常数的计算影响不大,而在低温范围内,隧道效应起了很重要的作用。     

Theoretical Studies on the Abstraction Reaction of Atomic O（^3p） with Si2H6

The hydrogen abstraction reaction of O(^3P) with Si2H6 has been studied theoretially. Two transition states of ^3A″ and ^3A′ symmetries have been located for this abstraction reaction. Geometries have been optimized at the UMP2 leve with 6-311G (d) basis set. G3MP2 has been used for the final single-point energy calculation. The rate constants have been calculated over a wide temperature range of 200-3000K using canonical variational transition-state sheory (CVT) with small curvature tunneling effect(SCT). The calculated CVT/SCT rate constants match well with the experimental value.