脂肪族聚酯类可生物降解医用高分子材料的研究进展

脂肪族聚脂是一类重要的合成医用高分子材料,具有良好的生物相容性及生物可降解性。本文在介绍了几种研究较为成熟的聚酯类医用材料的基础上,着重综述了它们的设计、合成及其在生物医学领域中应用的研究进展,并展望了可生物降解医用高分子材料的发展趋势。     

聚磷酸酯医用材料

聚磷酸酯是一种生物相容性好、结构较易进行修饰和功能化的生物降解高分子，可以应用于药物缓释材料、组织工程材料、动物体内显影剂等医用领域。本文论述了近年来的聚磷酸酯医用材料的研究进展，尤其是作为药物缓释材料的合成与应用情况。随着合成研究的深入，聚磷酸酯在医用材料方面的应用将更加引人注目。     

功能高分子

本文简述了功能高分子的发展,合成途径以及所谓的高分子效应。对该领域内所涉及的各类功能高分子的性质、合成、应用及发展前景等作了概要介绍。内容包括具有分离功能的高分子、高分子试剂、高分子催化剂、光活性高分子、磁性高分子、能量转换及储能材料、生物医用材料、高分子药物、高分子液晶及一些其他功能高分子材料。     

应用于药物控释系统中的生物降解高分子材料

生物降解高分子材料具有良好的生物相容性和生物降解性而成为人们关注的药物控释材料。本文简要介绍了生物降解高分子材料的降解机理，综述了生物降解高分子材料的发展现状，展望了今后的发展方向。     

角蛋白改性材料及其应用研究进展

在对角蛋白的结构、分类、提取方法进行介绍的基础上,主要从天然高分子材料的角度,对角蛋白的改性、材料制备及其应用研究进展进行了综述。角蛋白材料常用物理共混和接枝聚合方法进行改性,从而制备环境友好的复合材料;角蛋白的降解主要采取微生物法和酶解法。由于角蛋白水解可产生多种氨基酸,并且具有良好的生物相容性和生物降解性,其主要用作医用材料、药物缓释材料、日用材料、食品包装材料、地膜材料,也可作为较好的重金属离子吸附剂和废水脱色剂。总之,对角蛋白材料的开发和应用具有非常广阔的前景。     

新一代生物医用材料

第一代生物医用材料是生物相容和生物惰性材料;第二代生物医用材料是生物活性或可生物降解吸收材料;第三代生物医用材料是同时具有生物活性和生物降解性的新一代生物医用材料。作为细胞外基质,它们可在分子水平上激活基因、刺激细胞增殖、诱导其组织分化进而构筑成新的组织和器官。     

聚三亚甲基碳酸酯的改性研究

聚三亚甲基碳酸酯具有良好的生物降解性能及生物相容性,是一种重要的生物降解医用高分子材料,在生物医用领域具有巨大的潜在应用。本文结合近几年的研究进展,综述了聚三亚甲基碳酸酯改性的三大类方法,详细介绍了聚三亚甲基碳酸酯的功能化方法与途径、讨论了聚三亚甲基碳酸酯与不同类别单体共聚改性的研究现状及性能变化,并总结了共混改性对聚三亚甲基碳酸酯性能的影响,最后介绍了改性后的聚三亚甲基碳酸酯在生物医用领域的应用。     

《功能高分子材料》

全书共分17章，结合功能高分子材料的结构与性能、制备方法及应用领域，对离子交换树脂，吸附树脂，离子交换纤维和活性碳纤维，高分子膜分离材料，高分子色谱固定相，高分子试剂，高分子负载催化剂，导电高分子材料，电效发光聚合物材料，非线性光学高分子材料，液晶高分子材料，感光高分子材料，医用高分子材料，环境敏感高分子材料，高分子电解质，高分子染料，淀粉，纤维素衍生物高分子等进行了详细论述。[第一段]     

医用高分子材料表面的润滑改性进展

综述了医用高分子材料表面的润滑改性方法,对影响表面润滑性的因素进行了讨论,简述了材料表面润滑性的测定方法,润滑机理及润滑表面的形态,概述了表面润滑的医用高分子材料在临床中的应用。     

高分子材料的生物降解性能表征

生物降解能够使高分子材料回归自然界物质循环,被认为是解决塑料污染的一大重要途径.高分子材料的生物降解性能表征对相关材料开发、改性和产业应用十分重要.本文针对高分子材料的需氧生物降解,从降解产物和降解残留材料两个方面介绍常用表征方法 .降解产物的表征主要从CO2生成量、O2消耗量和小分子产物三方面开展,降解残留材料的表征围绕其组成结构变化和性能变化.介绍了各表征方法的简单原理和典型案例,并对未来发展进行了展望.     

生物降解聚合物的研究和产业化进展及展望

结合作者等近十年来在生物降解聚合物领域的研究和产业化工作,本文概述了聚乳酸、聚氨基酸、聚对二氧六环酮及其它生物降解聚合物的合成进展,综述了可生物降解温度敏感水凝胶、形状记忆高分子材料的研究概况,阐述了可生物降解聚合物在生物活性大分子控释体系、超细纤维组织工程支架上的应用研究,介绍了可生物降解聚合物在食品包装、纺织和汽车电子等方面的应用,总结了可生物降解聚合物、医疗器械、药物制剂和组织工程等领域产业化近况.最后展望了生物降解聚合物的研究、应用和产业化前景.     

Biodegradable polymer blends and composites: An overview

Biodegradable polymers belong to a family of polymer materials that found applications ranged from medical applications including tissue engineering, wound management, drugs delivery, and orthopedic devices, to packaging and films applications. For broadening their potential applications, biodegradable polymers are modified utilizing several methods such as blending and composites forming, which lead to new materials with unique properties including high performance, low cost, and good processability. This paper reviews the recent information about the morphology of blends consisting of both biodegradable and non-biodegradable polymers and associated mechanical, rheological, and thermal properties of these systems as well as their degradation behavior. In addition, the mechanical performance of composites based on biodegradable polymers is described.     

Biodegradable polyesters for medical and ecological applications

Numerous biodegradable polymers have been developed in the last two decades. In terms of application, biodegradable polymers are classified into three groups: medical, ecological, and dual application, while in terms of origin they are divided into two groups: natural and synthetic. This review article will outline classification, requirements, applications, physical properties, biodegradability, and degradation mechanisms of representative biodegradable polymers that have already been commercialized or are under investigation. Among the biodegradable polymers, recent developments of aliphatic polyesters, especially polylactides and poly(lactic acid)s, will be mainly described in the last part.     

天然高分子材料研究进展

综述了近年来天然高分子材料的研究进展。主要介绍纤维素、木质素、淀粉、甲壳素、壳聚糖、其它多糖、蛋白质以及天然橡胶等天然高分子通过化学、物理方法以及纳米技术改性制备具有各种功能及生物可降解性环境友好材料的研究状况,并对此类新材料的应用前景进行了展望。     

Modern mass spectrometry in the characterization and degradation of biodegradable polymers

In the last decades, the solid-waste management related to the extensively growing production of plastic materials, in concert with their durability, have stimulated increasing interest in biodegradable polymers. At present, a variety of biodegradable polymers has already been introduced onto the market and can now be competitive with non biodegradable thermoplastics in different fields (packaging, biomedical, textile, etc.). However, a significant economical effort is still directed in tailoring structural properties in order to further broaden the range of applications without impairing biodegradation. Improving the performance of biodegradable materials requires a good characterization of both physico-chemical and mechanical parameters. Polymer analysis can involve many different features including detailed characterization of chemical structures and compositions as well as average molecular mass determination. It is of outstanding importance in troubleshooting of a polymer manufacturing process and for quality control, especially in biomedical applications. This review describes recent trends in the structural characterization of biodegradable materials by modern mass spectrometry (MS). It provides an overview of the analytical tools used to evaluate their degradation. Several successful applications of MALDI-TOF MS (matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight) and ESI MS (electrospray mass spectrometry) for the determination of the structural architecture of biodegradable macromolecules, including their topology, composition, chemical structure of the end groups have been reported. However, MS methodologies have been recently applied to evaluate the biodegradation of polymeric materials. ESI MS represents the most useful technique for characterizing water-soluble polymers possessing different end group structures, with the advantage of being easily interfaced with solution-based separation techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).     

Injectable and biodegradable hydrogels: gelation, biodegradation and biomedical applications

Injectable hydrogels with biodegradability have in situ formability which in vitro/in vivo allows an effective and homogeneous encapsulation of drugs/cells, and convenient in vivo surgical operation in a minimally invasive way, causing smaller scar size and less pain for patients. Therefore, they have found a variety of biomedical applications, such as drug delivery, cell encapsulation, and tissue engineering. This critical review systematically summarizes the recent progresses on biodegradable and injectable hydrogels fabricated from natural polymers (chitosan, hyaluronic acid, alginates, gelatin, heparin, chondroitin sulfate, etc.) and biodegradable synthetic polymers (polypeptides, polyesters, polyphosphazenes, etc.). The review includes the novel naturally based hydrogels with high potential for biomedical applications developed in the past five years which integrate the excellent biocompatibility of natural polymers/synthetic polypeptides with structural controllability via chemical modification. The gelation and biodegradation which are two key factors to affect the cell fate or drug delivery are highlighted. A brief outlook on the future of injectable and biodegradable hydrogels is also presented (326 references).     

BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS WITH A PHOSPHORYL-CONTAINING BACKBONE:TISSUE ENGINEERING AND CONTROLLED DRUG DELIVERY APPLICATIONS

This review provides a glimpse of the potential of the biodegradable phos-phoryl-containing polymers in medical applications. Undoubtedly these polymerspossess unique properties that are yet to be fully understood. Many areas warrantfurther investigation and much optimization remains to be done. The fascinatingchemistry of phosphorus poses interesting hurdles but at the same time leavesample room for polymer scientists to exercise their creativity in designinginteresting biomaterials. As the mutual understanding between basic and clinicalscientists on the need of medical devices and the capabilities of these newbiomaterials expands, imaginative application of new biomaterials to other medi-cal applications can be expected.     

One-pot syntheses, coordination, and characterization of application-specific biodegradable ligand-polymers

Syntheses and chelation of tailored biodegradable polymers to rhenium for medicinal applications are described. A group of bifunctional ligand-initiators consisting of a chelating end for metal complexation and a hydroxyl end suitable to initiate polymerization was utilized in the ring-opening polymerization of l-lactide. The resulting biodegradable ligand-polymers were equipped with a tridentate donor set to coordinate specific metal ions. All synthesized compounds were characterized by IR spectroscopy, 1D/2D NMR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, confirming successful polymerization and coordination to the [Re(CO)(3)](+) core. The pliability of designing application-specific polymers with respect to the nature of the metal ion facilitates extending the application of these biodegradable polymers to early detection of diseases (imaging) and radiotherapy of cancers.     

开环可控聚合制备脂肪族聚酯的最新研究进展

近年来,作为生物降解高分子材料,脂肪族聚酯由于良好的生物降解性及生物相容性受到人们的广泛关注。脂肪族聚酯在环境友好材料和生物医用材料领域都具有极大的应用价值,目前,部分聚酯材料已经商品化。与此同时,脂肪族聚酯的合成方法尤其是活性开环聚合也成为学术界及工业领域的研究热点。采用开环聚合法得到的聚合产物化学组成精确、分子量分...