新型生物可降解医用高分子材料—聚酸酐

综述了新型生物的可降解医用高分子材料－聚酸酐的发展概况，包括聚酸酐的发展历史，分类，合成及应用，提出了今后的研究方向。     

医用可生物降解高分子材料

对目前医用可生物降解高分子材料的研究及应用状况分化学合成，天然和生物技术合成三类作了综述。对材料的生物相容性、可生物降解性及物理机械性能进行了分析和比较。并就医用生物降解高分子材料的发展趋势作了预测。     

在药物缓释体系中应用的可生物降解材料

对目前应用于药物缓释体系中的可生物降解材料的合成及应用作了广泛而深入的总结与评述,并就其发展趋势作了预测。参考文献２０篇。     

功能性高分子聚（羟丙基,丙基）—DL—天冬酰胺的合成,表征及性能…

通过改变氨基丙醇和丙胺的投料比，合成了一系列不同侧链的ＤＬ－天冬酰胺高分子材料，并改变了材料的亲脂亲水性能。用核磁共振，红外光谱，差热分析，凝胶色谱及吸水性等对高分子材料进行了表征。将模型药物乙酰水杨酸接入系列材料后进行了体外模拟释药性实验，结果表明，脂溶性增加的材料载药后，释药速率明显提高。     

聚磷酸酯医用材料

聚磷酸酯是一种生物相容性好、结构较易进行修饰和功能化的生物降解高分子，可以应用于药物缓释材料、组织工程材料、动物体内显影剂等医用领域。本文论述了近年来的聚磷酸酯医用材料的研究进展，尤其是作为药物缓释材料的合成与应用情况。随着合成研究的深入，聚磷酸酯在医用材料方面的应用将更加引人注目。     

聚膦腈在药物控释系统中的应用

聚膦腈由于其具有良好的生物相容性，可生物降解性及易于功能化的特性而成为一类独特的药物控释材料。本文就疏水性线型聚膦腈，聚膦腈水凝胶及聚膦腈高分子药物在药物控释系统中的应用作一简要综述。     

高分子材料的生物降解性能表征

生物降解能够使高分子材料回归自然界物质循环,被认为是解决塑料污染的一大重要途径.高分子材料的生物降解性能表征对相关材料开发、改性和产业应用十分重要.本文针对高分子材料的需氧生物降解,从降解产物和降解残留材料两个方面介绍常用表征方法 .降解产物的表征主要从CO2生成量、O2消耗量和小分子产物三方面开展,降解残留材料的表征围绕其组成结构变化和性能变化.介绍了各表征方法的简单原理和典型案例,并对未来发展进行了展望.     

高分子包囊药物释放体系

用高分子作为载体的高分子微包囊和纳米级包囊药物制剂不仅能控制药物以一定的速度释放，而且可对生物体的生理指标变化作出反馈，因而可以成为靶向药物释放体系。通过用高分子包囊还可以延长蛋白质和多肽类药物的生理活性，提高药物稳定性，使之成为长效药物，并使一些难以口服的药物能够制成口服制剂。文章在介绍有关高分子药物释放体系的一些基本原理，以及与之相关的药学、药理学、物理化学和高分子材料科学方面知识的基础上，较全面地综述了高分子包囊药物的制备技术和应用。阐述了高分子包囊的粒径、表面积、孔度、药物性能和药含量，以及高分子包囊材料的性能对药物释放行为的影响。对药物传送机理亦进行了扼要的介绍。     

透皮控释给药研究

总结了近年来国内外透皮给药医用高分子材料，促进透皮吸收的化学和物理方法研究成果，介绍了透皮控释给药研究的最新发展动向。     

药用合成高分子缓、控释材料研究进展

药物的缓、控释材料可以实现药物的平稳长期的释放,同时使药物治疗达到有的放矢的效果,高分子材料是制作药物缓控释材料的重要材料,包括天然高分子与合成高分子两大类。其中,天然高分子用作药物缓控释材料的研究已有多年的历史,已为人们所熟知。本文主要综述药用合成高分子缓、控释材料研究进展,分析了不同缓、控释材料的制备方法、释药原理和适用药物,为合成新型药用缓、控释材料,扩大药用缓、控释高分子材料的应用范围提供依据。     

Amphiphilic poly-n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone: Synthesis,properties, nanoparticles

Water-soluble amphiphilic polymers based on N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (Amph-PVP) have been synthesized. Amphiphilic diblock polymers have been obtained via a single-step technique. For the synthesized amphiphilic polymers, the critical concentrations of mycelium formation (CCM) have been determined. The structure of the polymers obtained was confirmed by IR and NMR spectroscopy. The critical concentration of micelle formation (CCM) for the synthesized polymers has been found to be in the micromolar range. The fluorescent dye 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (Dil) was chosen as a model substance for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Micellar particles were obtained via an ultrasonic technique followed by evaporation of the organic solvent (emulsion method).     

Quinone-amine polymers. XII. Synthesis and characterization of novel polymers from 2-phenylbenzoquinone and aliphatic diamines

In order to study the effect of the presence of phenyl groups in poly (amino-quinone) (PAQ) polymers, several novel poly(amino-2-phenylbenzoquinone) (PhPAQ) polymers have been prepared from 2-phenylbenzoquinone and aliphatic diamines, such as 1,6-diaminohexane, 1,8-diaminooctane, 1,12-diaminodod+++++, and 1,4-diaminocyclohexane. Prior to the polymerization, 2-phenylbenzoquinone was generated in situ from 2-phenylhydroquinone in the presence of calcium hypochlorite as the oxidizing agent in dichloromethane. All of the polymers synthesized have been characterized with respect to their corresponding model compounds. It was also found that unlike their analogous PAQ polymers, PhPAQ polymers were highly soluble in many common organic solvents because of the presence of phenyl groups in their polymer backbone. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Thermally stable polymers based on 1,3,4-oxadiazole rings

<正>In the present work,new thermally stable polymers containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole units have been synthesized through Huisgen reaction of the aromatic bis-tetrazole compounds with the aromatic/aliphatic bis-acid chlorides in pyridine as solvent.The obtained polymers are insoluble or slightly soluble in polar aprotic solvents such as DMSO and DMF. Thermal analyses of the polymers using DSC and TGA techniques showed that the polymers had improved thermal stabilities.The model reaction was also investigated and the resulting bis-l,3,4-oxadiazole compounds were characterized by conventional spectroscopic methods.     

Styrene-PEG (600) DMA Crosslinked Polymers for Absorption of Oil Derivatives

In this work, styrene (St) based crosslinked polymers were prepared for removal of oil derivatives from aqueous solutions. Polyethylene glycol (600) dimethacrylate (PEG (600) DMA) was used as crosslinker in synthesis of styrene based crosslinked polymers, for the first time. The polymers were characterized by FTIR, SEM, elemental analysis and solvent (toluene, chloroform and fuel-oil) absorption capacities. The effects of different reaction parameters like crosslinker type, diluents amount and the presence of pore forming agent on the absorption properties of polymers were investigated. The polymers synthesized by using PEG (600) DMA have higher solvent absorption capacity than that of synthesized by using conventional crosslinker. Furthermore, the polymers synthesized in the presence of good diluents have higher absorption capacities. The addition of pore forming agent into the reaction medium has also improved the absorption rate of polymers. The absorption capacity of polymers in different solvents is in order of chloroform > toluene > fuel-oil. It was seen that oil derivatives can be removed efficiently from water by the St-PEG (600) DMA polymers.     

生物降解聚合物的研究和产业化进展及展望

结合作者等近十年来在生物降解聚合物领域的研究和产业化工作,本文概述了聚乳酸、聚氨基酸、聚对二氧六环酮及其它生物降解聚合物的合成进展,综述了可生物降解温度敏感水凝胶、形状记忆高分子材料的研究概况,阐述了可生物降解聚合物在生物活性大分子控释体系、超细纤维组织工程支架上的应用研究,介绍了可生物降解聚合物在食品包装、纺织和汽车电子等方面的应用,总结了可生物降解聚合物、医疗器械、药物制剂和组织工程等领域产业化近况.最后展望了生物降解聚合物的研究、应用和产业化前景.     

“Smart” Polymers: Physicochemical Characteristics and Applications in Bio-Separation Strategies

In recent years, smart polymers (SPs), which are also referred to as bio-responsive polymers, have gained considerable attention as a unique class of polymers and their applications have been increasing significantly. These so-called “smart” polymers, either synthetic or biological, have been defined as “polymers designed to respond or undergo physical and structural conformational changes/rearrangement in response to slight changes in their surrounding environment”. They are categorized as thermo-, pH-, electro- and magneto-responsive polymers. The advances in upstream bio-production stages and the high cost associated with downstream chromatographic techniques have pushed the development of new alternatives. In this context, the use of SPs, in combination with non-chromatographic technologies, represents a useful approach to the development of new downstream operation units. With the key scientific advancements, SPs have become the “next generation” of the bio-separation tool for eco-friendlier and cost-effective purification. This review describes the different characteristics and classifications of various “smart” polymers available for use in bio-separation strategy. Focus is also given to the recent advances in SP inclusion in the improvement of alternative non-chromatographic methods in downstream bioprocessings.     

Sulfur-containing polymers. VI. Preparation of poly[alkylene bis(oxycarbonyl) disulfides] and related polymers

Poly[alkylene bis(oxycarbonyl) disulfides] have been prepared for the first time by the reductive coupling of alkylene bis(oxycarbonylsulfenyl chlorides). Potassium iodide and a variety of transition metals or their salts were employed as reducing agents. Of these potassium iodide and cuprous chloride gave the best results. Pyrolysis, desulfurization. and thiol-induced fragmentation of the polymers have been studied. Homologous polymers, i.e., monosulfide polymer, trisulfide polymer, and tetrasulfide polymer, have been also synthesized. Monosulfide and disulfide polymers were highly crystalline solids. Trisulfide polymer was a white solid with a low degree of crystallinity. These polymers were soluble in chloroform and dichloromethane. Tetrasulfide polymer was a crystalline yellow solid and was soluble only in HMPA.     

含吡啶基金属-超分子聚合物研究进展

金属-超分子聚合物是由金属离子与配体之间的相互作用形成的,是一类具有多样化几何构造和拓扑结构的新型功能高分子,它包括线型、接枝、交联、树枝等多种骨架结构.金属-超分子聚合物具有光、电、磁等特性,因此潜在的应用前景非常广阔,不仅可以在生物医用、分子器件、纳米材料,还可以在催化化学反应及吸附储氢等领域获得应用.由于吡啶基团为常用配体,且近年含吡啶基团的金属-超分子聚合物研究最为广泛,最为代表性,因此,本文以聚合物结构分类对近几年含吡啶基团的金属-超分子聚合物的研究进展作了简要综述.     

Review and Future of Ionic Polymerization with Special Emphasis on Carbonyl Polymerization

Ionic polymerization received prominence about 35 years ago when isobutylene was commercially polymerized by two processes which, with some modifications, are still used today [1]. One process uses aluminum chloride as the initiator and the other uses boron trifluoride; both cationic polymerization processes are carried out at low temperatures. A number of additional commercial processes based on cationic and anionic polymerization have since been developed. Cyclic ethers, most prominently tetrahydrofuran, are polymerized cationically to relatively low molecular weight hydroxyl terminated polyethers which have found important uses in polyurethanes. Trioxane is copolymerized with a small amount of ethylene oxide to form a useful copolymer of polyoxymethylene. Other products which are of interest are the polymers of caprolactone and epichlorohydrin and polymers of various epoxides, mainly those of glycidyl ethers which are most commonly known as epoxy resins. Anionic polymerization on a commercial scale has developed along the lines of styrene and isoprene polymers. Stereorubber, stereoregular 1,4-cis isoprenes, are based on lithium initiators and were introduced in the middle 1950s. Triblock polymers based on A-B-A block polymers of isobutylene with styrene as endblocks and prepared from living polymers have been known since the early 1960s.     

Thermally stable polymers containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole units obtained from Huisgen reaction

Thermally stable polymers containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole units have been synthesized through Huisgen reaction of the aromatic/aliphatic bis-tetrazole compounds with the aromatic/aliphatic bis-acid chlorides in pyridine as solvent.The obtained polymers are insoluble or slightly soluble even in polar aprotic solvents such as DMSO and DMF.Relatively high inherent viscosity values（0.61-1.33 dL/g,in 0.125%H₂SO₄ at 25℃） were observed for these compounds.Thermal analyses of the polymers using DSC and TGA techniques showed that the polymers have improved thermal stabilities.The glass transition temperature has not been observed in the fully aromatic polymers,but the polymers obtained from 5-[6-（1H-tetrazol -5-yl）hexyl]-lH-tetrazole（Ⅳ） showed very clear T_g.A model reaction was also investigated and the resulting bis-1,3,4-oxadiazole compound was characterized by conventional spectroscopy methods.