La0.8Ca0．2MnO3纳米线的制备及表征

利用Sol—gel法结合氧化铝模板技术制备了La0.8Ca0.2MnO3纳米线，并研究了两种热处理方法对La0.8Ca0．2MnO3纳米线结构和形貌的影响．快速升温到800℃得到的La0．8Ca0.2MnO3纳米线较粗，其直径大于氧化铝模板的孔径，而经过缓慢升温到400℃预处理再升温到800℃得到的La0.8Ca0.2MnO3纳米线，其直径和氧化铝模板的孔径相当，都约为35nm．X射线衍射和透射电镜分析结果表明，两种方法得到的La0.8Ca0.2MnO3纳米线都是具有钙钛矿结构的属于单斜晶系的多晶材料．     

溶胶-凝胶模板法合成SmFeO3纳米线

通过阳极氧化在质量分数为0.3 mol·L^-1草酸溶液中制得多孔氧化铝膜。经5%（质量分数）的磷酸扩孔处理得到具有孔径大小均一,排列有序,并具有一定厚度的阳极氧化铝模板（AAO）。用溶胶-凝胶法在氧化铝模板中制备了直径约为50 nm的有序SmFeO3纳米线阵列。用扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）对SmFeO3纳米线的形貌、结构以及相组成进行了分析。结果发现：纳米线的长度受控于氧化铝模板的厚度,直径与氧化铝模板的孔径相等。同时分析了纳米线的形成机制。     

金、铜金属纳米棒或纳米线的AFM和SERS的研究(英文)

通过电化学氧化法制备具有不同孔径氧化铝模板 ,利用交流电镀的方法在模板中沉积金属 ,再用酸溶解模板可以得到相应尺度的金属纳米线或纳米棒的阵列 .本文利用原子力显微镜和表面增强拉曼技术分别表征了金和铜两种金属纳米线阵列 .研究结果表明 ,作为探针分子的硫氰(SCN )在金属纳米线上的碳氮三键的振动频率随纳米线直径的增大而蓝移 .这一现象可能是因为尺寸效应对纳米线的费米能级造成影响 ,使不同直径的金属纳米线电子结构存在微小的差别 .     

钙钛矿型催化剂对VOCs催化燃烧的抗毒性和稳定性研究

采用共沉淀法制备了钙钛矿型La0.8Cu0.2MnO3和La0.8Sr0.2MnO3催化剂,考察了两种催化剂对含硫、含氯VOCs气体催化燃烧的抗毒性和稳定性.结果发现,两种催化剂具有良好的抗氯性,但在SO2存在下会出现中毒失活现象,相比较而言,La0.8Sr0.2MnO3比La0.8Cu0.2MnO3具有更好的抗硫性和结构稳定性;采用XRD和XPS分析方法研究催化剂硫中毒机理,发现其失活原因在于催化剂表面生成CuSO4和SrSO4,形成屏蔽效应导致催化剂失活.     

高能振动球磨法制备纳米钙钛矿粉体La_(0.8)Ca_(0.2)MnO_3

利用高能振动球磨法,以氧化镧、氧化钙和二氧化锰为原料,制备出纳米氧化物粉体La0.8Ca0.2MnO3。采用XRD分析了球磨过程中粉体的晶化过程;以TEM观察了制备出的粉体的颗粒尺寸和分散状况。结果表明,采用高能振动球磨法20 h就能制备出颗粒尺寸在50~100 nm,属正交晶系的纳米钙钛矿粉体La0.8Ca0.2MnO3;在该反应体系的球磨过程中,产物晶粒经历了先长大后细化的过程。将球磨法制备出的粉体压成电极,进行放电分析。结果表明采用该方法制备出的纳米La0.8Ca0.2MnO3粉体具有很好的电催化活性。     

Pd/La_(0.8)Ce_(0.2)MnO_3/ZSM-5的制备及其甲苯催化燃烧活性

以贵金属改性的钙钛矿为活性组分,通过等体积浸渍法制备了Pd/La0.8Ce0.2MnO3/ZSM-5催化剂,并采用XRD、BET、SEM和H2-TPR等技术对催化剂进行了表征。在固定床反应器上,对Pd/La0.8Ce0.2MnO3/ZSM-5催化剂上的甲苯为目标污染物的催化燃烧进行了研究,考察了焙烧温度、负载量及ZSM-5的性质对其催化活性的影响。结果表明,所得到Pd/La0.8Ce0.2MnO3催化剂仍保持钙钛矿型结构,Pd均匀的分布在催化剂表面,有利于催化剂活性的提高。当ZSM-5硅铝原子比为25、La0.8Ce0.2MnO3负载量为20%、焙烧温度为750℃时,La0.8Ce0.2MnO3/ZSM-5上甲苯的起燃温度和完全转化温度分别为200和279℃;加入0.3%的Pd后,Pd/La0.8Ce0.2MnO3/ZSM-5的催化活性明显提高,甲苯起燃温度下降了90℃,完全转化温度可低至230℃。     

ZnO纳米线形态对其光致发光性能的影响

以多孔氧化铝膜为模板,电化学沉积出Zn纳米线,再通过高温氧化得到ZnO纳米线阵列。通过改变制备多孔氧化铝模板的工艺参数来改变模板纳米孔径,进而改变ZnO纳米线的直径,得到不同形态的ZnO纳米线阵列。应用X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜测试技术表征了ZnO纳米线的结构与形貌。结果发现,X射线衍射时会出现随ZnO纳米线直径增大衍射峰增多和增强的现象。采用荧光光谱仪测试样品的光致发光性能,通过Gaussian原理对谱峰的拟合分析了ZnO纳米线形态对其光致发光光谱的影响。结果表明,随着纳米线直径从30nm至60nm依次增大,其结晶性和化学计量比逐渐变好。近紫外区和蓝光区的发射峰随着纳米线直径的增大而蓝移,而纳米线直径为60nm的样品则出现随直径增大而红移的现象。结果可见,直径在55~60nm间的某点将是ZnO纳米线的结构和光致发光性能变化的临界点。     

氧化铝纳米线的制备及其形成机理

采用二次铝阳极氧化技术, 制备高度有序的铝阳极氧化膜(AAO模板). 经X射线衍射(XRD)分析, 模板为无定形结构. 将模板放入腐蚀液中, 可获得大量无定形结构的氧化铝纳米线. 模板在800 ℃下退火4 h后, 变为γ-Al2O3结构, 采用类似腐蚀液溶解模板, 得到大量γ-Al₂O₃纳米线. 研究了腐蚀液种类、腐蚀时间和模板晶体结构等因素对生成氧化铝纳米线的影响, 并利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和XRD对纳米线的形貌与结构进行了表征. 结果表明, 在多种腐蚀液中, 均可获得氧化铝纳米线; 随着腐蚀时间的增加, 纳米线的长度增加, 直径变小, 长径比增大; 氧化铝纳米线的晶体结构与所采用模板的晶体结构一致. 此外, 还采用原子力显微镜(AFM)和SEM对AAO膜的表面形貌及其结构特点进行了详细的观测, 并以此为基础讨论了氧化铝纳米线的形成机理, 认为AAO模板本身存在的花状微结构是形成纳米线的内因, 花瓣间的凹陷部位首先被腐蚀断裂, 形成氧化铝纳米线.     

用模板法制备TiO2纳米线阵列膜及光催化性能的研究

用溶胶-凝胶技术在多孔阳极氧化铝模板的有序微孔内制备了高度取向的TiO2纳米线阵列膜光催化剂.用XRD,AFM和SEM等手段对样品进行了表征.结果表明,TiO2纳米线阵列膜晶型为锐钛矿,从AFM图像中可以看出TiO2纳米线线径分布均匀一致,取向性极好,直径与AAO模板的孔径大小一致.以其对吖啶橙的降解效果作为评价光催化活性的标准,与相同条件下制备的TiO2/玻璃膜相比,TiO2纳米线阵列膜具有很好的催化活性.     

ZnO纳米线阵列的电沉积法制备及表征(英文)

利用直流电沉积方法在多孔氧化铝模板的孔洞中生成锌纳米线,在氧气氛围中,于800°C下氧化2h,将氧化铝中的锌氧化成氧化锌.本研究利用氧气氛围进行锌的氧化,大大提高了传统方法的氧化锌纳米线的制备效率.用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对其形貌及成分进行表征和分析,结果表明,氧化铝模板的有序孔洞中填充了大尺寸、均匀连续的多晶态氧化锌纳米线.纳米线具有约1000:1的高纵横比,其长度等于氧化铝模板的厚度,直径约为80nm.光致发光(PL)光谱表明,氧化锌纳米线在504nm处有由于氧空位引起的较强蓝绿光发射.这为进一步研究ZnO/AAO组装体发学性质和开发新型功能器件提供了基础.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).